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Model:GEOtop + (GEOtop accommodates very complex topograph … GEOtop accommodates very complex topography and, besides the water balance integrates all the terms in the surface energy balance equation. For saturated and unsaturated subsurface flow, it uses the 3D Richards’ equation. An accurate treatment of radiation inputs is implemented in order to be able to return surface temperature.The model GEOtop simulates the complete hydrological balance in a continuous way, during a whole year, inside a basin and combines the main features of the modern land surfaces models with the distributed rainfall-runoff models.The new 0.875 version of GEOtop introduces the snow accumulation and melt module and describes sub-surface flows in an unsaturated media more accurately. With respect to the version 0.750 the updates are fundamental: the codex is completely eviewed, the energy and mass parametrizations are rewritten, the input/output file set is redifined.GEOtop makes it possible to know the outgoing discharge at the basin's closing section, to estimate the local values at the ground of humidity, of soil temperature, of sensible and latent heat fluxes, of heat flux in the soil and of net radiation, together with other hydrometeorlogical distributed variables. Furthermore it describes the distributed snow water equivalent and surface snow temperature.GEOtop is a model based on the use of Digital Elevation Models (DEMs). It makes also use of meteorological measurements obtained thought traditional instruments on the ground. Yet, it can also assimilate distributed data like those coming from radar measurements, from satellite terrain sensing or from micrometeorological models.ensing or from micrometeorological models.)
Model:GIPL + (GIPL(Geophysical Institute Permafrost Labo … GIPL(Geophysical Institute Permafrost Laboratory) is an implicit finite difference one-dimensional heat flow numerical model. The GIPL model uses the effect of snow layer and subsurface soil thermal properties to simulate ground temperatures and active layer thickness (ALT) by solving the 1D heat diffusion equation with phase change. The phase change associated with freezing and thawing process occurs within a range of temperatures below 0 degree centigrade, and is represented by the unfrozen water curve (Romanovsky and Osterkamp 2000). The model employs finite difference numerical scheme over a specified domain. The soil column is divided into several layers, each with distinct thermo-physical properties. The GIPL model has been successfully used to map permafrost dynamics in Alaska and validated using ground temperature measurements in shallow boreholes across Alaska (Nicolsky et al. 2009, Jafarov et al. 2012, Jafarov et al. 2013, Jafarov et al. 2014).Jafarov et al. 2013, Jafarov et al. 2014).)
Model:GSFLOW + (GSFLOW was a coupled model based on the in … GSFLOW was a coupled model based on the integration of the U.S. Geological Survey Precipitation-Runoff Modeling System (PRMS, Leavesley and others, 1983) and the U.S. Geological Survey Modular Groundwater Flow Model(MODFLOW-2005, Harbaugh, 2005). It was developed to simulate coupled groundwater/surface-water flow in one or more watersheds by simultaneously simulating flow across the land surface, within subsurface saturated and unsaturated materials, and within streams and lakes.d materials, and within streams and lakes.)
Model:AlluvStrat + (Generates alluvial stratigraphy by channel … Generates alluvial stratigraphy by channel migration and avulsion. Channel migration is handled via a random walk. Avulsions occur when the channel superelevates. Channels can create levees. Post-avulsion channel locations chosen at random, or based on topography. chosen at random, or based on topography.)
Model:Glimmer-CISM + (Glimmer is an open source (GPL) three-dime … Glimmer is an open source (GPL) three-dimensional thermomechanical ice sheet model, designed to be interfaced to a range of global climate models. It can also be run in stand-alone mode. Glimmer was developed as part of the NERC GENIE project (www.genie.ac.uk). It's development follows the theoretical basis found in Payne (1999) and Payne (2001). Glimmer's structure contains numerous software design strategies that make it maintainable, extensible, and well documented.tainable, extensible, and well documented.)
Model:GSDCalculator + (Grain Size Distribution Statistics Calculator)
Model:GSSHA + (Gridded Surface Subsurface Hydrologic Anal … Gridded Surface Subsurface Hydrologic Analysis (GSSHA) is a grid-based two-dimensional hydrologic model. Features include 2D overland flow, 1D stream flow, 1D infiltration, 2D groundwater, and full coupling between the groundwater, vadoze zone, streams, and overland flow. GSSHA can run in both single event and long-term modes. The fully coupled groundwater to surfacewater interaction allows GSSHA to model both Hortonian and Non-Hortonian basins.New features of version 2.0 include support for small lakes and detention basins, wetlands, improved sediment transport, and an improved stream flow model.GSSHA has been successfully used to predict soil moistures as well as runoff and flooding. moistures as well as runoff and flooding.)
Model:WBM-WTM + (Gridded water balance model using climate … Gridded water balance model using climate input forcings that calculate surface and subsurface runoff and ground water recharge for each grid cell. The surface and subsurface runoff is propagated horizontally along a prescribed gridded network using Musking type horizontal transport.k using Musking type horizontal transport.)
Model:TopoFlow-Data-HIS + (HIS is an internet-based system for sharing hydrologic data. It is comprised of databases and servers, connected through web services, to client applications, allowing for the publication, discovery and access of data.)
Model:HYPE + (HYPE is a semi-distributed hydrological mo … HYPE is a semi-distributed hydrological model for water and water quality. It simulates water and nutrient concentrations in the landscape at the catchment scale. Its spatial division is related to catchments and sub-catchments, land use or land cover, soil type and elevation. Within a catchment the model will simulate different compartments; soil including shallow groundwater, rivers and lakes. It is a dynamical model forced with time series of precipitation and air temperature, typically on a daily time step. Forcing in the form of nutrient loads is not dynamical. Example includes atmospheric deposition, fertilizers and waste water.c deposition, fertilizers and waste water.)
Model:EstuarineMorphologyEstimator + (Here, we present a Python tool that includ … Here, we present a Python tool that includes a comprehensive set of relations that predicts the hydrodynamics, bed elevation and the patterns of channels and bars in mere seconds. Predictions are based on a combination of empirical relations derived from natural estuaries, including a novel predictor for cross-sectional depth distributions, which is dependent on the along-channel width profile. Flow velocity, an important habitat characteristic, is calculated with a new correlation between depth below high water level and peak tidal flow velocity, which was based on spatial numerical modelling. Salinity is calculated from estuarine geometry and flow conditions. The tool only requires an along-channel width profile and tidal amplitude, making it useful for quick assessments, for example of potential habitat in ecology, when only remotely-sensed imagery is available.only remotely-sensed imagery is available.)
Model:HexWatershed + (HexWatershed is a mesh independent flow direction model for hydrologic models. It can be run at both regional and global scales. The unique feature of HexWatershed is that it supports both structured and unstructured meshes.)
Model:Spbgc + (High order two dimensional simulations of turbidity currents using DNS of incompressible Navier-Stokes and transport equations.)
Model:TransportLengthHillslopeDiffuser + (Hillslope diffusion component in the style … Hillslope diffusion component in the style of Carretier et al. (2016, ESurf), and Davy and Lague (2009).Works on regular raster-type grid (RasterModelGrid, dx=dy). To be coupled with FlowDirectorSteepest for the calculation of steepest slope at each timestep.lation of steepest slope at each timestep.)
Model:TaylorNonLinearDiffuser + (Hillslope evolution using a Taylor Series … Hillslope evolution using a Taylor Series expansion of the Andrews-Bucknam formulation of nonlinear hillslope flux derived following following Ganti et al., 2012. The flux is given as:qs = KS ( 1 + (S/Sc)**2 + (S / Sc)**4 + .. + (S / Sc)**2(n - 1) )where K is is the diffusivity, S is the slope, Sc is the critical slope, and n is the number of terms. The default behavior uses two terms to produce a flux law as described by Equation 6 of Ganti et al., (2012).bed by Equation 6 of Ganti et al., (2012).)
Model:DepthDependentTaylorDiffuser + (Hillslope sediment flux uses a Taylor Seri … Hillslope sediment flux uses a Taylor Series expansion of the Andrews-Bucknam formulation of nonlinear hillslope flux derived following following Ganti et al., 2012 with a depth dependent component inspired Johnstone and Hilley (2014). The flux :math:`q_s` is given as:q_s = DSH^* ( 1 + (S/S_c)^2 + (S/Sc_)^4 + .. + (S/S_c)^2(n-1) ) (1.0 - exp( H / H^*)where :math:`D` is is the diffusivity, :math:`S` is the slope, :math:`S_c` is the critical slope, :math:`n` is the number of terms, :math:`H` is the soil depth on links, and :math:`H^*` is the soil transport decay depth. The default behavior uses two terms to produce a slope dependence as described by Equation 6 of Ganti et al., (2012).This component will ignore soil thickness located at non-core nodes. soil thickness located at non-core nodes.)
Model:HydroCNHS + (HydroCNHS is an open-source Python package supporting four Application Programming Interfaces (APIs) that enable users to integrate their human decision models, which can be programmed with the agent-based modeling concept, into the HydroCNHS.)
Model:HydroPy + (HydroPy model is a revised version of an e … HydroPy model is a revised version of an established global hydrological model (GHM), the Max Planck Institute for Meteorology's Hydrology Model (MPI-HM). Being rewritten in Python, the HydroPy model requires much less effort in maintenance and new processes can be easily implemented.d new processes can be easily implemented.)
Model:HydroTrend + (HydroTrend v.3.0 is a climate-driven hydrological water balance and transport model that simulates water discharge and sediment load at a river outlet.)
Model:HSPF + (Hydrological Simulation Program - FORTRAN … Hydrological Simulation Program - FORTRAN (HSPF) is a comprehensive packagefor simulation of watershed hydrology and water quality for both conventionaland toxic organic pollutants (1,2). This model can simulate the hydrologic,and associated water quality, processes on pervious and impervious landsurfaces and in streams and well-mixed impoundments. HSPF incorporates thewatershed-scale ARM and NPS models into a basin-scale analysis framework thatincludes fate and transport in one-dimensional stream channels. It is theonly comprehensive model of watershed hydrology and water quality that allowsthe integrated simulation of land and soil contaminant runoff processes within-stream hydraulic and sediment-chemical interactions.The result of this simulation is a time history of the runoff flow rate,sediment load, and nutrient and pesticide concentrations, along with a timehistory of water quantity and quality at any point in a watershed. HSPFsimulates three sediment types (sand, silt, and clay) in addition to a singleorganic chemical and transformation products of that chemical. The transferand reaction processes included are hydrolysis, oxidation, photolysis,biodegradation, volatilization, and sorption. Sorption is modeled as afirst-order kinetic process in which the user must specify a desorption rateand an equilibrium partition coefficient for each of the three solids types.Resuspension and settling of silts and clays (cohesive solids) are defined interms of shear stress at the sediment water interface. The capacity of thesystem to transport sand at a particular flow is calculated and resuspensionor settling is defined by the difference between the sand in suspension andthe transport capacity. Calibration of the model requires data for each ofthe three solids types. Benthic exchange is modeled as sorption/desorptionand deposition/scour with surficial benthic sediments. Underlying sedimentand pore water are not modeled.g sediment and pore water are not modeled.)
Model:WACCM-EE + (I am developing a GCM based on NCAR's WACC … I am developing a GCM based on NCAR's WACCM model to studied the climate of the ancient Earth. WACCM has been linked with a microphysical model (CARMA). Some important issues to be examined are the climate of the ancient Earth in light of the faint young Sun, reducing chemistry of the early atmosphere, and the production and radiative forcing of Titan-like photochemical hazes that likely enshrouded the Earth at this time. likely enshrouded the Earth at this time.)
Model:CAM-CARMA + (I am developing a recent adaptation of CAM 3.0 that has been converted to Titan by Friedson et al. at JPL. I am adding the aerosol microphysics from CARMA.)
Model:IDA + (IDA formulates the task of determing the d … IDA formulates the task of determing the drainage area, given flow directions, as a system of implicit equations. This allows the use of iterative solvers, which have the advantages of being parallelizable on distributed memory systems and widely available through libraries such as PETSc.Using the open source PETSc library (which must be downloaded and installed separately), IDA permits large landscapes to be divided among processors, reducing total runtime and memory requirements per processor.It is possible to reduce run time with the use of an initial guess of the drainage area. This can either be provided as a file, or use a serial algorithm on each processor to correctly determine the drainage area for the cells that do not receive flow from outside the processor's domain.The hybrid IDA method, which is enabled with the -onlycrossborder option, uses a serial algorithm to solve for local drainage on each processor, and then only uses the parallel iterative solver to incorporate flow between processor domains. This generally results in a significant reduction in total runtime.Currently only D8 flow directions are supported. Inputs and outputs are raw binary files.. Inputs and outputs are raw binary files.)
Model:ISSM + (ISSM is the result of a collaboration betw … ISSM is the result of a collaboration between the Jet Propulsion Laboratory and University of California at Irvine. Its purpose is to tackle the challenge of modeling the evolution of the polar ice caps in Greenland and Antarctica.ISSM is open source and is funded by the NASA Cryosphere, GRACE Science Team, ICESat Research, ICESat-2 Research, NASA Sea-Level Change Team (N-SLCT), IDS (Interdisciplinary Research in Earth Science), ESI (Earth Surface and Interior), and MAP (Modeling Analysis and Prediction) programs, JPL R&TD (Research, Technology and Development) and the National Science Foundationvelopment) and the National Science Foundation)
Model:IceFlow + (IceFlow simulates ice dynamics by solving … IceFlow simulates ice dynamics by solving equations for internal deformation and simplified basal sliding in glacial systems. It is designed for computational efficiency by using the shallow ice approximation for driving stress, which it solves alongside basal sliding using a semi-implicit direct solver. IceFlow is integrated with GRASS GIS to automatically generate input grids from a geospatial database.te input grids from a geospatial database.)
Model:Icepack + (Icepack is a Python package for simulating … Icepack is a Python package for simulating the flow of glaciers and ice sheets, as well as for solving glaciological data assimilation problems. The main goal for icepack is to produce a tool that researchers and students can learn to use quickly and easily, whether or not they are experts in high-performance computing. Icepack is built on the finite element modeling library firedrake, which implements the domain-specific language UFL for the specification of PDEs.anguage UFL for the specification of PDEs.)
Model:ChannelProfiler + (In order to extract channel networks, the … In order to extract channel networks, the flow connectivity across the grid must already be identified. This is typically done with the FlowAccumulator component. However, this component does not require that the FlowAccumulator was used. Instead it expects that the following at-node grid fields will be present: 'flow__receiver_node' 'flow__link_to_receiver_node' The ChannelProfiler can work on grids that have used route-to-one or route-to-multiple flow directing. have used route-to-one or route-to-multiple flow directing.)
Model:HIM + (It is a C-grid, isopycnal coordinate, primitive equation model, simulating the ocean by numerically solving the Boussinesq primitive equations in isopycnal vertical coordinates and general orthogonal horizontal coordinates.)
Model:WOFOST + (It is a mechanistic model that explains cr … It is a mechanistic model that explains crop growth on the basis of the underlying processes, such as photosynthesis, respiration and how these processes are influenced by environmental conditions. With WOFOST, you can calculate attainable crop production, biomass, water use, etc. for a location given knowledge about soil type, crop type, weather data and crop management factors (e.g. sowing date). WOFOST has been used by many researchers over the World and has been applied for many crops over a large range of climatic and management conditions. WOFOST is one of the key components of the European MARS crop yield forecasting system. In the Global Yield Gap Atlas (GYGA) WOFOST is used to estimate the untapped crop production potential on existing farmland based on current climate and available soil and water resources.te and available soil and water resources.)
Model:FUNDY + (It solves the linearized shallow water equations forced by tidal or other barotropic boundary conditions, wind or a density gradient using linear finite elements.)
Model:ACADIA + (It tracks any number of different depth-averaged transport variables and is usually used in conjunction with QUODDY simulations.)
Model:LEMming + (LEMming tracks regolith and sediment fluxe … LEMming tracks regolith and sediment fluxes, including bedrock erosion by streams and rockfall from steep slopes. Initial landscape form and stratigraphic structure are prescribed. Model grid cells with slope angles above a threshold, and which correspond to the appropriate rock type, are designated as candidate sources for rockfall. Rockfall erosion of the cliffband is simulated by instantaneously reducing the height of a randomly chosen grid cell that is susceptible to failure to that of its nearest downhill neighbor among the eight cells bordering it. This volume of rockfall debris is distributed across the landscape below this cell according to rules that weight the likelihood of each downhill cell to retain rockfall debris. The weighting is based on local conditions such as slope angle, topographic curvature, and distance and direction from the rockfall source. Rockfall debris and the bedrock types are each differentiated by the rate at which they weather to regolith and by their fluvial erodibility. Regolith is moved according to transport rules mimicking hillslope processes (dependent on local slope angle), and bedload and suspended load transport (based on stream power). Regolith and sediment transport are limited by available material; bedrock incision occurs (also based on stream power) where bare rock is exposed. stream power) where bare rock is exposed.)
Model:LEMming2 + (LEMming2 is a 2D, finite-difference landsc … LEMming2 is a 2D, finite-difference landscape evolution model that simulates the retreat of hard-capped cliffs. It implements common unit-stream-power and linear/nonlinear-diffusion erosion equations on a 2D regular grid. Arbitrary stratigraphy may be defined. Cliff retreat is facilitated by a cellular algorithm, and rockfall debris is distributed and redistributed to the angle of repose. It is a standalone model written in Matlab with some C components.This repo contains the code used and described by Ward (2019) Lithosphere: "Dip, layer spacing, and incision rate controls on the formation of strike valleys, cuestas, and cliffbands in heterogeneous stratigraphy". Given the inputs in that paper it should generate the same results.paper it should generate the same results.)
Model:LISFLOOD + (LISFLOOD is a spatially distributed, semi- … LISFLOOD is a spatially distributed, semi-physical hydrological rainfall-runoff model that has been developed by the Joint Research Centre (JRC) of the European Commission in late 90ies. Since then LISFLOOD has been applied to a wide range of applications such as all kind of water resources assessments looking at e.g. the effects of climate and land-use change as well as river regulation measures. Its most prominent application is probably within the European Flood Awareness System (EFAS) operated under Copernicus Emergency Management System (EMS).ernicus Emergency Management System (EMS).)
Model:LOADEST + (LOAD ESTimator (LOADEST) is a FORTRAN prog … LOAD ESTimator (LOADEST) is a FORTRAN program for estimating constituent loads in streams and rivers. Given a time series of streamflow, additional data variables, and constituent concentration, LOADEST assists the user in developing a regression model for the estimation of constituent load (calibration). Explanatory variables within the regression model include various functions of streamflow, decimal time, and additional user-specified data variables. The formulated regression model then is used to estimate loads over a user-specified time interval (estimation). Mean load estimates, standard errors, and 95 percent confidence intervals are developed on a monthly and(or) seasonal basis.The calibration and estimation procedures within LOADEST are based on three statistical estimation methods. The first two methods, Adjusted Maximum Likelihood Estimation (AMLE) and Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE), are appropriate when the calibration model errors (residuals) are normally distributed. Of the two, AMLE is the method of choice when the calibration data set (time series of streamflow, additional data variables, and concentration) contains censored data. The third method, Least Absolute Deviation (LAD), is an alternative to maximum likelihood estimation when the residuals are not normally distributed. LOADEST output includes diagnostic tests and warnings to assist the user in determining the appropriate estimation method and in interpreting the estimated loads.The LOADEST software and related materials (data and documentation) are made available by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) to be used in the public interest and the advancement of science. You may, without any fee or cost, use, copy, modify, or distribute this software, and any derivative works thereof, and its supporting documentation, subject to the USGS software User's Rights Notice.to the USGS software User's Rights Notice.)
Model:Radiation + (Landlab component that computes 1D and 2D total incident shortwave radiation. This code also computes relative incidence shortwave radiation compared to a flat surface.)
Model:LateralEroder + (Landlab component that finds a neighbor node to laterally erode and calculates lateral erosion.)
Model:PrecipitationDistribution + (Landlab component that generates precipita … Landlab component that generates precipitation events using the rectangular Poisson pulse model described in Eagleson (1978, Water Resources Research).No particular units must be used, but it was written with the storm units in hours (hr) and depth units in millimeters (mm). (hr) and depth units in millimeters (mm).)
Model:Flexure + (Landlab component that implements a 1 and 2D lithospheric flexure model.)
Model:DetachmentLtdErosion + (Landlab component that simulates detachmen … Landlab component that simulates detachment limited sediment transport is more general than the stream power component. Doesn't require the upstream node order, links to flow receiver and flow receiver fields. Instead, takes in the discharge values on NODES calculated by the OverlandFlow class and erodes the landscape in response to the output discharge.As of right now, this component relies on the OverlandFlow component for stability. There are no stability criteria implemented in this class. To ensure model stability, use StreamPowerEroder or FastscapeEroder components instead.der or FastscapeEroder components instead.)
Model:Vegetation + (Landlab component that simulates net primary productivity, biomass and leaf area index at each cell based on inputs of root-zone average soil moisture.)
Model:SoilMoisture + (Landlab component that simulates root-zone … Landlab component that simulates root-zone average soil moisture at each cell using inputs of potential evapotranspiration, live leaf area index, and vegetation cover.This component uses a single soil moisture layer and models soil moisture loss through transpiration by plants, evaporation by bare soil, and leakage. The solution of water balance is based on Laio et. al 2001. The component requires fields of initial soil moisture, rainfall input (if any), time to the next storm and potential transpiration.he next storm and potential transpiration.)
Model:Landlab + (Landlab is a Python software package for c … Landlab is a Python software package for creating, assembling, and/or running 2D numerical models. Landlab was created to facilitate modeling in earth-surface dynamics, but it is general enough to support a wide range of applications. Landlab provides three different capabilities:(1) A DEVELOPER'S TOOLKIT for efficiently building 2D models from scratch. The toolkit includes a powerful GRIDDING ENGINE for creating, managing, and iterative updating data on 2D structured or unstructured grids. The toolkit also includes helpful utilities to handle model input and output.(2) A set of pre-built COMPONENTS, each of which models a particular process. Components can be combined together to create coupled models.(3) A library of pre-built MODELS that have been created by combining components together. To learn more, please visit http://landlab.github.ioore, please visit http://landlab.github.io)
Model:GOLEM + (Landscape evolution model. Computes evolution of topography under the action of rainfall and tectonics.)
Model:SpeciesEvolver + (Life evolves alongside landscapes by bioti … Life evolves alongside landscapes by biotic and abiotic processes under complex dynamics at Earth’s surface. Researchers who wish to explore these dynamics can use this component as a tool for them to build landscape-life evolution models. Landlab components, including SpeciesEvolver are designed to work with a shared model grid. Researchers can build novel models using plug-and-play surface process components to evolve the grid’s landscape alongside the life tracked by SpeciesEvolver. The simulated life evolves following customizable processes. evolves following customizable processes.)
Model:LinearDiffuser + (LinearDiffuser is a Landlab component that models soil creep using an explicit finite-volume solution to a 2D diffusion equation.)
Model:LITHFLEX2 + (Lithospheric flexure solution for a broken … Lithospheric flexure solution for a broken plate. Load is assumed to be represented by equal width loading elements specified distance from broken edge of plate. Inclusion of sediments as part of the restoring force effect is possible by choice of density assigned to density (2).choice of density assigned to density (2).)
Model:LITHFLEX1 + (Lithospheric flexure solution for infinite … Lithospheric flexure solution for infinite plate. Load is assumed to be convolved with Greens function (unit load) response in order to calculate the net effect of the load. If desired, inclusion of sediments as part of the restoring force effect can be controlled via density assigned to density (2). Each load element can have specified density and several loadings events can be incorporated.veral loadings events can be incorporated.)
Model:CoastMorpho2D + (Long term 2D morphodynamics of coastal are … Long term 2D morphodynamics of coastal areas, including tidal currents, wind waves, swell waves, storm surge, sand, mud, marsh vegetation, edge erosion, marsh ponding, and stratigraphy.The CoastMorpho2D model includes the MarshMorpho2D model (which was previously uploaded on CSDMS)l (which was previously uploaded on CSDMS))
Model:D'Alpaos model + (Long-term ecomorphodynamic model of the initiation and development of tidal networks and of the adjacent marsh platform, accounting for vegetation influence and relative sea level rise effects)
Model:MARSSIM V4 + (MARSSIM is a grid based, iterative framewo … MARSSIM is a grid based, iterative framework that incorporates selectable modules, including: 1) flow routing, optionally including event-driven flow and evaporation from lakes in depression as a function of relative aridity (Matsubara et al., 2011). Runoff can be spatially uniform or variably distributed. Stream channel morphology (width and depth) is parameterized as a function of effective discharge; 2) bedrock weathering, following Equation 1; 3) spatially variable bedrock resistance to weathering and fluvial erosion, including 3-D stratigraphy and surficial coherent crusts; 4) erosion of bedrock channels using either a stream power relationship (Howard, 1994) or sediment load scour (Sklar and Dietrich, 2004; Chatanantavet and Parker, 2009); 5) sediment routing in alluvial channels including suspended/wash load and a single size of bedload. An optional sediment transport model simulates transport of multiple grain sizes of bedload with sorting and abrasion (Howard et al., 2016); 6) geometric impact cratering modeling optionally using a database of martian fresh crater morphology; 7) vapor sublimation from or condensation on the land surface, with options for rate control by the interaction between incident radiation, reflected light, and local topography; 8) mass wasting utilizing either the Howard (1994) or the Roering et al. (1999, 2001a) rate law. Bedrock can be optionally weathered and mass wasted assuming a critical slope angle steeper than the critical gradient for regolith-mantled slopes. Mass wasted debris is instantaneously routed across exposed bedrock, and the debris flux can be specified to erode the bedrock; 9) groundwater flow using the assumption of hydrostatic pressures and shallow flow relative to cell dimensions. Both recharge and seepage to the surface are modeled. Seepage discharge can be modeled to transport sediment (seepage erosion) or to weather exposed bedrock (groundwater sapping); 10) deep-seated mass flows using either Glen's law or Bingham rheology using a hydrostatic stress assumption; 11) eolian deposition and erosion in which the rate is determined by local topography; 12) lava flow and deposition from one or multiple vents. These model components vary in degree to which they are based on established theory or utilize heuristicon established theory or utilize heuristic)
Model:MICOM + (MICOM is a primitive equation numerical model that describes the evolution of momentum, mass, heat and salt in the ocean.)
Model:MODFLOW 6 + (MODFLOW 6 is an object-oriented program an … MODFLOW 6 is an object-oriented program and framework developed to provide a platform for supporting multiple models and multiple types of models within the same simulation. This version of MODFLOW is labeled with a "6" because it is the sixth core version of MODFLOW to be released by the USGS (previous core versions were released in 1984, 1988, 1996, 2000, and 2005). In the new design, any number of models can be included in a simulation. These models can be independent of one another with no interaction, they can exchange information with one another, or they can be tightly coupled at the matrix level by adding them to the same numerical solution. Transfer of information between models is isolated to exchange objects, which allow models to be developed and used independently of one another. Within this new framework, a regional-scale groundwater model may be coupled with multiple local-scale groundwater models. Or, a surface-water flow model could be coupled to multiple groundwater flow models. The framework naturally allows for future extensions to include the simulation of solute transport.nclude the simulation of solute transport.)
Model:MODFLOW + (MODFLOW is a three-dimensional finite-diff … MODFLOW is a three-dimensional finite-difference ground-water model that was first published in 1984. It has a modular structure that allows it to be easily modified to adapt the code for a particular application. Many new capabilities have been added to the original model. OFR 00-92 (complete reference below) documents a general update to MODFLOW, which is called MODFLOW-2000 in order to distinguish it from earlier versions.MODFLOW-2000 simulates steady and nonsteady flow in an irregularly shaped flow system in which aquifer layers can be confined, unconfined, or a combination of confined and unconfined. Flow from external stresses, such as flow to wells, areal recharge, evapotranspiration, flow to drains, and flow through river beds, can be simulated. Hydraulic conductivities or transmissivities for any layer may differ spatially and be anisotropic (restricted to having the principal directions aligned with the grid axes), and the storage coefficient may be heterogeneous. Specified head and specified flux boundaries can be simulated as can a head dependent flux across the model's outer boundary that allows water to be supplied to a boundary block in the modeled area at a rate proportional to the current head difference between a "source" of water outside the modeled area and the boundary block. MODFLOW is currently the most used numerical model in the U.S. Geological Survey for ground-water flow problems.In addition to simulating ground-water flow, the scope of MODFLOW-2000 has been expanded to incorporate related capabilities such as solute transport and parameter estimation.solute transport and parameter estimation.)
Model:MOM6 + (MOM6 is the latest generation of the Modul … MOM6 is the latest generation of the Modular Ocean Model which is a numerical model code for simulating the ocean general circulation. MOM6 represents a major algorithmic departure from the previous generations of MOM (up to and including MOM5). Most notably, it uses the Arbitrary-Lagrangian-Eulerian (ALE) algorithm in the vertical direction to allow the use of any vertical coordinate system including, geo-potential coordinates (z or z*), isopycnal coordinates, terrain-following coordinates and hybrid-/user-defined coordinates. It is also based on the horizontal C-grid stencil, rather than the B-grid used by earlier MOM versions.n the B-grid used by earlier MOM versions.)
Model:CASCADE + (Makes use of fast Delaunay triangulation a … Makes use of fast Delaunay triangulation and Voronoi diagram calculations to represent surface processes on an irregular, dynamically evolving mesh. Processes include fluvial erosion, transport and deposition, hillslope (diffusion) processes, flexural isostasy, orographic precipitation. Designed to model processes at the orogenic scale. Can be easily modified for other purposes by changing process laws.r other purposes by changing process laws.)
Model:Manningseq-bouldersforpaleohydrology + (Matlab® code for paleo-hydrological flood … Matlab® code for paleo-hydrological flood flow reconstruction in a fluvial channel: first-order magnitude estimations of maximum average flow velocity, peak discharge, and maximum flow height from boulder size and topographic input data (channel cross-section & channel bed slope).hannel cross-section & channel bed slope).)
Model:Reservoir + (Measure single reservoir performance using … Measure single reservoir performance using resilience, reliability, and vulnerability metrics; compute storage-yield-reliability relationships; determine no-fail Rippl storage with sequent peak analysis; optimize release decisions using determinisitc and stochastic dynamic programming; evaluate inflow characteristics.gramming; evaluate inflow characteristics.)
Model:Coastal Dune Model + (Model describing the morphodynamic evolution of vegetated coastal foredunes.)
Model:Sun fan-delta model + (Model for fluvial fan-delta evolution, ori … Model for fluvial fan-delta evolution, originally described by Sun et al. (2002) and later adapted by Limaye et al. (2023). The model routes water and sediment across a grid from a single inlet and via a self-formed channel network, where local divergence in sediment flux drives bed elevation change. The model represents hydrodynamics using rules for flow routing and stress partitioning. At large scales, other heuristics determine how channels branch and avulse, distributing water and sediment. The original model, designed for fluvial fan-deltas that debouch into standing water, is extended to allow deposition of an alluvial fan in the absence of standing water.References: Limaye, A. B., Adler, J. B., Moodie, A. J., Whipple, K. X., & Howard, A. D. (2023). Effect of standing water on formation of fan-shaped sedimentary deposits at Hypanis Valles, Mars. Geophysical Research Letters, 50(4), e2022GL102367. https://doi.org/10.1029/2022GL102367Sun, T., Paola, C., Parker, G., & Meakin, P. (2002). Fluvial fan deltas: Linking channel processes with large-scale morphodynamics. Water Resources Research, 38(8), 26-1-26–10. https://doi.org/10.1029/2001WR000284, 26-1-26–10. https://doi.org/10.1029/2001WR000284)
Model:Avulsion + (Model stream avulsion as random walk)
Model:GISS GCM ModelE + (ModelE is the GISS series of coupled atmos … ModelE is the GISS series of coupled atmosphere-ocean models, which provides the ability to simulate many different configurations of Earth System Models - including interactive atmospheric chemsitry, aerosols, carbon cycle and other tracers, as well as the standard atmosphere, ocean, sea ice and land surface components.cean, sea ice and land surface components.)
Model:Lake-Permafrost with Subsidence + (Models temperature of 1-D lake-permafrost … Models temperature of 1-D lake-permafrost system through time, given input surface temperature and solar radiation. Model is fully implicit control volume scheme, and cell size can vary with depth. Thermal conductivity and specific heat capacity are dependent on cell substrate (% soil and % ice) and temperature using the apparent heat capacity scheme where freezing/thawing occurs over a finite temperature range and constants are modified to account for latent heat. Lake freezes and thaws depending on temperature; when no ice is present lake is fully mixed and can absorb solar radiation. Upper 10 m substrate contains excess ice and, if thawed, can subside by this amount (lake then deepens by amount of subsidence). "Cell type" controls whether cell has excess ice, only pore space ice, or is lake water.ce, only pore space ice, or is lake water.)
Model:Gc2d + (Models the growth and evolution of valley glaciers and ice sheets)
Model:Kudryavtsev Model + (Models the temporal and spatial distributi … Models the temporal and spatial distribution of the active layer thickness and temperature of permafrost soils. The underlying approximation accounts for effects of air temperature, snow cover, vegatation, soil moisture, soil thermal properties to predict temperature at the ground surface and mean active layer thickness.d surface and mean active layer thickness.)
Model:RAFEM + (Morphodynamic river avulsion model, designed to be coupled with CEM and SEDFLUX3D)
Model:Mrip + (Mrip consists of a matrix representing the … Mrip consists of a matrix representing the sea floor (25x25 m at this time). Blocks in the matrix are picked up (or deposited) according to transport rules or equations (users choice) and moved with the flow. The user-determined flow is altered, depending on the height and slope of the bed, thus creating feedback. slope of the bed, thus creating feedback.)
Model:NearCoM + (NearCoM predicts waves, currents, sediment … NearCoM predicts waves, currents, sediment transport and bathymetric change in the nearshore ocean, between the shoreline and about 10 m water depth. The model consists of a "backbone", i.e., the master program, handling data input and output as well as internal storage, together with a suite of "modules": wave module, circulation module and sediment transport module.tion module and sediment transport module.)
Model:River Network Bed-Material Sediment + (Network-based modeling framework of Czuba … Network-based modeling framework of Czuba and Foufoula-Georgiou as applied to bed-material sediment transport.This code is capable of reproducing the results (with some work by the end user) described in the following publications:Czuba, J.A., and E. Foufoula-Georgiou (2014), A network-based framework for identifying potential synchronizations and amplifications of sediment delivery in river basins, Water Resources Research, 50(5), 3826–3851, doi:10.1002/2013WR014227.Czuba, J.A., and E. Foufoula-Georgiou (2015), Dynamic connectivity in a fluvial network for identifying hotspots of geomorphic change, Water Resources Research, 51(3), 1401-1421, doi:10.1002/2014WR016139.Gran, K.B., and J.A. Czuba, (2017), Sediment pulse evolution and the role of network structure,Geomorphology, 277, 17-30, doi:10.1016/j.geomorph.2015.12.015.Czuba, J.A., E. Foufoula-Georgiou, K.B. Gran, P. Belmont, and P.R. Wilcock (2017), Interplay between spatially-explicit sediment sourcing, hierarchical river-network structure, and in-channel bed-material sediment transport and storage dynamics, Journal of Geophysical Research - Earth Surface, 122(5), 1090-1120, doi:10.1002/2016JF003965.As of 20 March 2019, additional model codes were added to the repository in the folder "Gravel_Bed_Dynamics" that extend the model to gravel bed dynamics. The new methods for gravel bed dynamics are described in:Czuba, J.A. (2018), A Lagrangian framework for exploring complexities of mixed-size sediment transport in gravel-bedded river networks, Geomorphology, 321, 146-152, doi:10.1016/j.geomorph.2018.08.031. And an application to Clear Creek/Tushar Mountains in Utah is described in:Murphy, B.P., J.A. Czuba, and P. Belmont (2019), Post-wildfire sediment cascades: a modeling framework linking debris flow generation and network-scale sediment routing, Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 44(11), 2126-2140, doi:10.1002/esp.4635.Note: the application code and data files for Murphy et al., 2019 are included in the repository as example files.As of 24 September 2020, this code has largely been converted to Python and has been incorporated into Landlab version 2.2 as the NetworkSedimentTransporter. See:Pfeiffer, A.M., K.R. Barnhart, J.A. Czuba, and E.W.H. Hutton (2020), NetworkSedimentTransporter: A Landlab component for bed material transport through river networks, Journal of Open Source Software, 5(53), 2341, doi:10.21105/joss.02341.This initial release is the core code, but development is ongoing to make the data preprocessing, model interface, and exploration of model results more user friendly. All future developments will be in the Landlab/Python version of the code instead of this Matlab version.f the code instead of this Matlab version.)
Model:Nitrate Network Model + (Network-based modeling framework of Czuba … Network-based modeling framework of Czuba and Foufoula-Georgiou as applied to nitrate and organic carbon on a wetland-river network.This code is capable of reproducing the results (with some work of commenting/uncommenting code by the end user) described in the following publication:Czuba, J.A., A.T. Hansen, E. Foufoula-Georgiou, and J.C. Finlay (2018), Contextualizing wetlands within a river network to assess nitrate removal and inform watershed management, Water Resources Research, 54(2), 1312-1337, doi:10.1002/2017WR021859.4(2), 1312-1337, doi:10.1002/2017WR021859.)
Model:Pllcart3d + (Nonlinear three dimensional simulations of miscible Hele-Shaw flows using DNS of incompressible Navier-Stokes and transport equations.)
Model:Oceananigans.jl + (Oceananigans.jl is designed for high-resolution simulations in idealized geometries and supports direct numerical simulation, large eddy simulation, arbitrary numbers of active and passive tracers, and linear and nonlinear equations of state for seawater.)
Model:CMFT + (One dimensional model for the coupled long … One dimensional model for the coupled long-term evolution of salt marshes and tidal flats. The model framework includes tidal currents, wind waves, sediment erosion and deposition, as well as the effect of vegetation on sediment dynamics. The model is used to explore the evolution of the marsh boundary under different scenarios of sediment supply and sea level rise. Time resolution 30 min, simulation length about 100 years.30 min, simulation length about 100 years.)
Model:OTEQ + (One-Dimensional Transport with Equilibrium … One-Dimensional Transport with Equilibrium Chemistry (OTEQ):A Reactive Transport Model for Streams and RiversOTEQ is a mathematical simulation model used to characterize the fate and transport of waterborne solutes in streams and rivers. The model is formed by coupling a solute transport model with a chemical equilibrium submodel. The solute transport model is based on OTIS, a model that considers the physical processes of advection, dispersion, lateral inflow, and transient storage. The equilibrium submodel is based on MINTEQ, a model that considers the speciation and complexation of aqueous species, acid-base reactions, precipitation/dissolution, and sorption.Within OTEQ, reactions in the water column may result in the formation of solid phases (precipitates and sorbed species) that are subject to downstream transport and settling processes. Solid phases on the streambed may also interact with the water column through dissolution and sorption/desorption reactions. Consideration of both mobile (waterborne) and immobile (streambed) solid phases requires a unique set of governing differential equations and solution techniques that are developed herein. The partial differential equations describing physical transport and the algebraic equations describing chemical equilibria are coupled using the sequential iteration approach. The model's ability to simulate pH, precipitation/dissolution, and pH-dependent sorption provides a means of evaluating the complex interactions between instream chemistry and hydrologic transport at the field scale.OTEQ is generally applicable to solutes which undergo reactions that are sufficiently fast relative to hydrologic processes ("Local Equilibrium"). Although the definition of "sufficiently fast" is highly solute and application dependent, many reactions involving inorganic solutes quickly reach a state of chemical equilibrium. Given a state of chemical equilibrium, inorganic solutes may be modeled using OTEQ's equilibrium approach. This equilibrium approach is facilitated through the use of an existing database that describes chemical equilibria for a wide range of inorganic solutes. In addition, solute reactions not included in the existing database may be added by defining the appropriate mass-action equations and the associated equilibrium constants. As such, OTEQ provides a general framework for the modeling of solutes under the assumption of chemical equilibrium. Despite this generality, most OTEQ applications to date have focused on the transport of metals in streams and small rivers. The OTEQ documentation is therefore focused on metal transport. Potential model users should note, however, that additional applications are possible.that additional applications are possible.)
Model:OTIS + (One-Dimensional Transport with Inflow and … One-Dimensional Transport with Inflow and Storage (OTIS): A Solute Transport Model for Streams and RiversOTIS is a mathematical simulation model used to characterize the fate and transport of water-borne solutes in streams and rivers. The governing equation underlying the model is the advection-dispersion equation with additional terms to account for transient storage, lateral inflow, first-order decay, and sorption. This equation and the associated equations describing transient storage and sorption are solved using a Crank-Nicolson finite-difference solution.OTIS may be used in conjunction with data from field-scale tracer experiments to quantify the hydrologic parameters affecting solute transport. This application typically involves a trial-and-error approach wherein parameter estimates are adjusted to obtain an acceptable match between simulated and observed tracer concentrations. Additional applications include analyses of nonconservative solutes that are subject to sorption processes or first-order decay. OTIS-P, a modified version of OTIS, couples the solution of the governing equation with a nonlinear regression package. OTIS-P determines an optimal set of parameter estimates that minimize the squared differences between the simulated and observed concentrations, thereby automating the parameter estimation process.tomating the parameter estimation process.)
Model:OpenFOAM + (OpenFOAM (Open Field Operation and Manipulation) is a toolbox for the development of customized numerical solvers, and pre-/post-processing utilities for the solution of continuum mechanics problems, including computational fluid dynamics.)
Model:OTTER + (Optimization Technique in Transient Evolut … Optimization Technique in Transient Evolution of Rivers (OTTER). This models a 1D river profile while incorporating a algorithm for dynamic channel width. The channel width algorithm dynamically adjusts channel geometry in response to values of water discharge, rock-uplift/erosion, and sediment supply. It operates by calculating the current shear stress (no wide channel assumption), the shear stress if channel width is slightly larger, and shear stress for a slightly narrower channel. Using these values, erosion potential is calculated for all three scenarios (no change in width, slightly wider, slightly narrower) and the one that generates the maximum erosion rate dictates the direction of channel change. See Yanites, 2018 JGR for further information.Yanites, 2018 JGR for further information.)
Model:OrderID + (OrderID is a method that takes thickness and facies data from a vertical succession of strata and tests for the presence of order in the strata)
Model:GeoClaw + (Originally developed for modeling tsunami … Originally developed for modeling tsunami generation, propagation, and inundation. Also used for storm surge modeling and overland flooding (e.g. dam break problems). Uses adaptive mesh refinement to allow much greater spatial resolutions in some regions than others, and to automatically follow dynamic evolution of waves or floods. Uses high-resolution finite volume methods that robustly handle wetting and drying. The package also includes tools for working with geophysical data including topography DEMs, earthquake source models for tsunami generation, and observed gauge data. The simulation code is in Fortran with OpenMP for shared memory parallelization, and Python for the user interface, visualization, and data tools. interface, visualization, and data tools.)
Model:PHREEQC + (PHREEQC implements several types of aqueou … PHREEQC implements several types of aqueous models: two ion-association aqueous models (the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory model and WATEQ4F), a Pitzer specific-ion-interaction aqueous model, and the SIT (Specific ion Interaction Theory) aqueous model. Using any of these aqueous models, PHREEQC has capabilities for (1) speciation and saturation-index calculations; (2) batch-reaction and one-dimensional (1D) transport calculations with reversible and irreversible reactions, which include aqueous, mineral, gas, solid-solution, surface-complexation, and ion-exchange equilibria, and specified mole transfers of reactants, kinetically controlled reactions, mixing of solutions, and pressure and temperature changes; and (3) inverse modeling, which finds sets of mineral and gas mole transfers that account for differences in composition between waters within specified compositional uncertainty limits.pecified compositional uncertainty limits.)
Model:PIHM + (PIHM is a multiprocess, multi-scale hydrol … PIHM is a multiprocess, multi-scale hydrologic model where the major hydrological processes are fully coupled using the semi-discrete finite volume method. PIHM is a physical model for surface and groundwater, “tightly-coupled” to a GIS interface. PIHMgis which is open source, platform independent and extensible. The tight coupling between GIS and the model is achieved by developing a shared data-model and hydrologic-model data structure.model and hydrologic-model data structure.)
Model:PISM + (PISM is a hybrid shallow ice, shallow shel … PISM is a hybrid shallow ice, shallow shelf model. PISM is designed to scale with increasing problem sizeby harnessing the computational power of supercomputing systems and by leveraging the scalable software libraries that have been developed by the high-performance computing research community. The model combines two shallow (small depth-to-width ratio) stress balances, namely the shallow-ice approximation (SIA) and the shallow-shelf approximation (SSA), which are computationally efficient schemes to simulate ice flow by internal deformation and ice-stream flow, respectively. In PISM, deformational velocities from the SIA and sliding velocities from the SSA are weighted and averaged to achieve a smooth transition from shearing flow to sliding flow.sition from shearing flow to sliding flow.)
Model:PRMS + (PRMS is a modular-design modeling system that has been developed to evaluate the impacts of various combinations of precipitation, climate, and land use on surface-water runoff, sediment yields, and general basin hydrology)
Model:PSTSWM + (PSTSWM is a message-passing benchmark code … PSTSWM is a message-passing benchmark code and parallel algorithm testbed that solves the nonlinear shallow water equations on a rotating sphere using the spectral transform method. It is a parallel implementation of STSWM to generate reference solutions for the shallow water test cases.olutions for the shallow water test cases.)
Model:ParFlow + (ParFlow is an open-source, object-oriented … ParFlow is an open-source, object-oriented, parallel watershed flow model. It includes fully-integrated overland flow, the ability to simulate complex topography, geology and heterogeneity and coupled land-surface processes including the land-energy budget, biogeochemistry and snow (via CLM). It is multi-platform and runs with a common I/O structure from laptop to supercomputer. ParFlow is the result of a long, multi-institutional development history and is now a collaborative effort between CSM, LLNL, UniBonn and UCB. ParFlow has been coupled to the mesoscale, meteorological code ARPS and the NCAR code WRF.rological code ARPS and the NCAR code WRF.)
Model:PIHMgis + (Physically-based fully-distributed hydrolo … Physically-based fully-distributed hydrologic models try to simulate hydrologic state variables in space and time while using information regarding heterogeneity in climate, land use, topography and hydrogeology. However incorporating a large number of physical data layers in the hydrologic model requires intensive data development and topology definitions.data development and topology definitions.)
Model:TreeThrow + (Plot scale, spatially implicit model of tree throw on hillslopes. We couple an existing forest growth model with a couple simple equations for the transport of sediment caused by tree fall.)
Model:PotentialEvapotranspiration + (Potential Evapotranspiration Component cal … Potential Evapotranspiration Component calculates spatially distributed potential evapotranspiration based on input radiation factor (spatial distribution of incoming radiation) using chosen method such as constant or Priestley Taylor. Ref: Xiaochi et. al. 2013 for 'Cosine' method and ASCE-EWRI Task Committee Report Jan 2005 for 'PriestleyTaylor' method.Note: Calling 'PriestleyTaylor' method would generate/overwrite shortwave & longwave radiation fields.ite shortwave & longwave radiation fields.)
Model:STVENANT + (Predicts 1D, unsteady, nonlinear, gradually varied flow)
Model:BackwaterCalculator + (Program for backwater calculations in open channel flow)
Model:FlowAccumulator + (Provides the FlowAccumulator component whi … Provides the FlowAccumulator component which accumulates flow and calculates drainage area. FlowAccumulator supports multiple methods for calculating flow direction. Optionally a depression finding component can be specified and flow directing, depression finding, and flow routing can all be accomplished together. routing can all be accomplished together.)
Model:QDSSM + (QDSSM is a 3D cellular, forward numerical … QDSSM is a 3D cellular, forward numerical model coded in Fortran90 that simulates landscape evolution and stratigraphy as controlled by changes in sea-level, subsidence, discharge and bedload flux. The model includes perfect and imperfect sorting modules of grain size and allows stratigraphy to be build over time spans of 1000 to million of years.er time spans of 1000 to million of years.)
Model:QTCM + (QTCMs are models of intermediate complexity suitable for the modeling of tropical climate and its variability. It occupies a niche among climate models between complex general circulation models and simple models.)
Model:QUAL2K + (QUAL2K (or Q2K) is a river and stream wate … QUAL2K (or Q2K) is a river and stream water quality model that is intended to represent a modernized version of the QUAL2E (or Q2E) model (Brown and Barnwell 1987). Q2K is similar to Q2E in the following respects:One dimensional. The channel is well-mixed vertically and laterally.* Steady state hydraulics. Non-uniform, steady flow is simulated.* Diurnal heat budget. The heat budget and temperature are simulated as a function of meteorology on a diurnal time scale.* Diurnal water-quality kinetics. All water quality variables are simulated on a diurnal time scale.* Heat and mass inputs. Point and non-point loads and abstractions are simulated.oint loads and abstractions are simulated.)
Model:StreamProfilerApp + (QuickChi enables the rapid analysis of stream profiles at the global scale from SRTM data.)
Model:GSFLOW-GRASS + (Quickly generates input files for and runs GSFLOW, the USGS integrated groundwater--surface-water model, and can be used to visualize the outputs of GSFLOW.)
Model:RCPWAVE + (RCPWAVE is a 2D steady state monocromatic short wave model for simulating wave propagation over arbitrary bahymetry.)
Model:REF-DIF + (REF/DIF is a phase-resolving parabolic ref … REF/DIF is a phase-resolving parabolic refraction-diffraction model for ocean surface wave propagation. It was originally developed by Jim Kirby and Tony Dalrymple starting in 1982, based on Kirby's dissertation work. This work led to the development of REF/DIF 1, a monochromatic wave model. of REF/DIF 1, a monochromatic wave model.)
Model:River Erosion Model + (REM mechanistically simulates channel bed … REM mechanistically simulates channel bed aggradation/degradation and channel widening in river networks. It has successfully been applied to alluvial river systems to simulate channel change over annual and decadal time scales. REM is also capable of running Monte Carlo simulations (in parallel to reduce computational time) to quantify uncertainty in model predictions.quantify uncertainty in model predictions.)
Model:RHESSys + (RHESSys is a GIS-based, hydro-ecological m … RHESSys is a GIS-based, hydro-ecological modelling framework designed to simulate carbon, water, and nutrient fluxes. By combining a set of physically-based process models and a methodology for partitioning and parameterizing the landscape, RHESSys is capable of modelling the spatial distribution and spatio-temporal interactions between different processes at the watershed scale.ifferent processes at the watershed scale.)
Model:ROMS + (ROMS is a Free-surface, terrain-following, … ROMS is a Free-surface, terrain-following, orthogonal curvilinear, primitive equations ocean model. Its dynamical kernel is comprised of four separate models including the nonlinear, tangent linear, representer tangent linear, and adjoint models. It has multiple model coupling (ESMF, MCT) and multiple grid nesting (composed, mosaics, refinement) capabilities. The code uses a coarse-grained parallelization with both shared-memory (OpenMP) and distributed-memory (MPI) paradigms coexisting together and activated via C-preprocessing.ogether and activated via C-preprocessing.)
Model:UMCESroms + (ROMS is a Free-surface, terrain-following, … ROMS is a Free-surface, terrain-following, orthogonal curvilinear, primitive equations ocean model. Its dynamical kernel is comprised of four separate models including the nonlinear, tangent linear, representer tangent linear, and adjoint models. It has multiple model coupling (ESMF, MCT) and multiple grid nesting (composed, mosaics, refinement) capabilities. The code uses a coarse-grained parallelization with both shared-memory (OpenMP) and distributed-memory (MPI) paradigms coexisting together and activated via C-preprocessing.ogether and activated via C-preprocessing.)
Model:HydroRaVENS + (RaVENS: Rain and Variable Evapotranspirati … RaVENS: Rain and Variable Evapotranspiration, Nieve, and StreamflowSimple "conceptual" hydrological model that may include an arbitrary number of linked linear reservoirs (soil-zone water, groundwater, etc.) as well as snowpack (accumulation from precipitation with T<0; positive-degree-day melt) and evapotranspiration (from external input or Thorntwaite equation).It also includes a water-balance component to adjust ET (typically the least known input) to ensure that P - Q - ET = 0 over the course of a water year.Other components plot data and compute the NSE (Nash–Sutcliffe model efficiency coefficient).Nash–Sutcliffe model efficiency coefficient).)
Model:Landslides + (Relative wetness and factor-of-safety are … Relative wetness and factor-of-safety are based on the infinite slope stability model driven by topographic and soils inputs and recharge provided by user as inputs to the component. For each node, component simulates mean relative wetness as well as the probability of saturation based on Monte Carlo simulation of relative wetness where the probability is the number of iterations with relative wetness >= 1.0 divided by the number of iterations. Probability of failure for each node is also simulated in the Monte Carlo simulation as the number of iterations with factor-of-safety <= 1.0 divided by the number of iterations.y <= 1.0 divided by the number of iterations.)
Model:RouseVanoniEquilibrium + (Rouse-Vanoni Equilibrium Suspended Sediment Profile Calculator)
Model:SLEPIAN Delta + (Routines pertaining to the paper published as: doi: 10.1073/pnas.1206785109)
Model:SLEPIAN Alpha + (Routines pertaining to the paper published as: doi: 10.1137/S0036144504445765)
Model:SLEPIAN Charlie + (Routines pertaining to the paper published as: doi: 10.1111/j.1365-246X.2008.03854.x)
Model:SLEPIAN Echo + (Routines pertaining to the paper published as: doi: 10.1016/j.acha.2012.12.001)
Model:SLEPIAN Bravo + (Routines pertaining to the paper published as: doi: 10.1111/j.1365-246X.2006.03065.x)
Model:Plume + (Run a hypopycnal sediment plume)
Model:Bing + (Run a submarine debris flow)
Model:SBEACH + (SBEACH is a numerical simulation model for … SBEACH is a numerical simulation model for predicting beach, berm, and dune erosion due to storm waves and water levels. It has potential for many applications in the coastal environment, and has been used to determine the fate of proposed beach fill alternatives under storm conditions and to compare the performance of different beach fill cross-sectional designs.ferent beach fill cross-sectional designs.)
Model:SEDPAK + (SEDPAK provides a conceptual framework for … SEDPAK provides a conceptual framework for modeling the sedimentary fill of basins by visualizing stratal geometries as they are produced between sequence boundaries. The simulation is used to substantiate inferences drawn about the potential for hydrocarbon entrapment and accumulation within a basin. It is designed to model and reconstruct clastic and carbonate sediment geometries which are produced as a response to changing rates of tectonic movement, eustasy, and sedimentation The simulation enables the evolution of the sedimentary fill of a basin to be tracked, defines the chronostratigraphic framework for the deposition of these sediments, and illustrates the relationship between sequences and systems tracts seen in cores, outcrop, and well and seismic data.cores, outcrop, and well and seismic data.)
Model:SELFE + (SELFE is a new unstructured-grid model des … SELFE is a new unstructured-grid model designed for the effective simulation of 3D baroclinic circulation across river-to-ocean scales. It uses a semi-implicit finite-element Eulerian-Lagrangian algorithm to solve the shallow water equations, written to realistically address a wide range of physical processes and of atmospheric, ocean and river forcings. of atmospheric, ocean and river forcings.)
Model:SIBERIA + (SIBERIA simulates the evolution of landscapes under the action of runoff and erosion over long times scales.)
Model:SICOPOLIS + (SICOPOLIS (SImulation COde for POLythermal … SICOPOLIS (SImulation COde for POLythermal Ice Sheets) is a 3-d dynamic/thermodynamic model that simulates the evolution of large ice sheets and ice caps. It was originally created by Greve (1997a,b) in a version for the Greenland ice sheet. Since then, SICOPOLIS has been developed continuously and applied to problems of past, present and future glaciation of Greenland, Antarctica, the entire northern hemisphere, the polar ice caps of the planet Mars and others.ar ice caps of the planet Mars and others.)
Model:SIGNUM + (SIGNUM (Simple Integrated Geomorphological … SIGNUM (Simple Integrated Geomorphological Numerical Model) is a TIN-based landscape evolution model: it is capable of simulating sediment transport and erosion by river flow at different space and time scales. It is a multi-process numerical model written in the Matlab high level programming environment, providing a simple and integrated numerical framework for the simulation of some important processes that shape real landscapes.Particularly, at the present development stage, SIGNUM is capable of simulating geomorphological processes such as hillslope diffusion, fluvial incision, tectonic uplift or changes in base-level and climate effects in terms of precipitation. A full technical description is reported in Refice et al. 2011 . The software runs under Matlab (it is tested on releases from R2010a to R2011b). It is released under the GPL3 license.b). It is released under the GPL3 license.)
Model:SNAC + (SNAC can solve momentum and heat energy ba … SNAC can solve momentum and heat energy balance equations in 3D solid with complicated rheology. Lagrangian description of motion adopted in SNAC makes it easy to monitor surface deformation during a crustal or continental scale tectonic event as well as introduce surface processes into a model. introduce surface processes into a model.)
Model:SPARROW + (SPARROW (SPAtially Referenced Regressions … SPARROW (SPAtially Referenced Regressions On Watershed attributes) is a watershed modeling technique for relating water-quality measurements made at a network of monitoring stations to attributes of the watersheds containing the stations. The core of the model consists of a nonlinear regression equation describing the non-conservative transport of contaminants from point and diffuse sources on land to rivers and through the stream and river network. The model predicts contaminant flux, concentration, and yield in streams and has been used to evaluate alternative hypotheses about the important contaminant sources and watershed properties that control transport over large spatial scales.ntrol transport over large spatial scales.)
Model:SPHYSICS + (SPHysics is a Smoothed Particle Hydrodynam … SPHysics is a Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) code written in fortran for the simulation of potentially violent free-surface hydrodynamics. For release version 1.0, the SPHysics code can simulate various phenomena including wave breaking, dam breaks, sloshing, sliding objects, wave impact on a structure, etc. objects, wave impact on a structure, etc.)
Model:SRH-1D + (SRH-1D (Sedimentation and River Hydraulics … SRH-1D (Sedimentation and River Hydraulics - One Dimension) is a one-dimensional mobile boundary hydraulic and sediment transport computer model for rivers and manmade canals. Simulation capabilities include steady or unsteady flows, river control structures, looped river networks, cohesive and non-cohesive sediment transport, and lateral inflows. The model uses cross section based river information. The model simulates changes to rivers and canals caused by sediment transport. It can estimate sediment concentrations throughout a waterway given the sediment inflows, bed material, hydrology, and hydraulics of that waterway.ydrology, and hydraulics of that waterway.)
Model:STWAVE + (STWAVE (STeady State spectral WAVE) is an … STWAVE (STeady State spectral WAVE) is an easy-to-apply, flexible, robust, half-plane model for nearshore wind-wave growth and propagation. STWAVE simulates depth-induced wave refraction and shoaling, current-induced refraction and shoaling, depth- and steepness-induced wave breaking, diffraction, parametric wave growth because of wind input, and wave-wave interaction and white capping that redistribute and dissipate energy in a growing wave field. dissipate energy in a growing wave field.)
Model:SWAN + (SWAN is a third-generation wave model that computes random, short-crested wind-generated waves in coastal regions and inland waters.)
Model:SWAT + (SWAT is the acronym for Soil and Water Ass … SWAT is the acronym for Soil and Water Assessment Tool, a river basin, or watershed, scale model developed by Dr. Jeff Arnold for the USDA Agricultural Research Service (ARS). SWAT was developed to predict the impact of land management practices on water, sediment and agricultural chemical yields in large complex watersheds with varying soils, land use and management coditions over long periods of time.ement coditions over long periods of time.)

Model:Symphonie + (SYMPHONIE is a three-dimensional primitive equations coastal ocean model)

Model:SedCas + (SedCas was developed for a debris-flow pro … SedCas was developed for a debris-flow prone catchment in the Swiss Alps (Illgraben). It consists of two connected sediment reservoirs on the hillslope and in the channel, where sediment transfer is driven by (lumped) hydrological processes at the basin scale. Sediment is stochastically produced by shallow landslides and rock avalanches and delivered to the hillslope and channel reservoirs. From there, it is evacuated out of the basin in the form of debris flows and sediment-laden floods.of debris flows and sediment-laden floods.)
Model:SedPlume + (SedPlume is an integral model, solving the … SedPlume is an integral model, solving the conservation equations of volume, momentum, buoyancy and sediment flux along the path of a turbulent plume injected into stably stratified ambient fluid. Sedimentation occurs from the plume when the radial component of the sediment fall velocity exceeds the entrainment velocity. When the plume reaches the surface, it is treated as a radially spreading surface gravity current, for which exact solutions exist for the sediment deposition rate. Flocculation of silt and clay particles is modeled using empirical measurements of particle settling velocities in fjords to adjust the settling velocity of fine-grained sediments.ttling velocity of fine-grained sediments.)
Model:Sedflux + (Sedflux-2.0 is the newest version of the S … Sedflux-2.0 is the newest version of the Sedflux basin-filling model. Sedflux-2.0 provides a framework within which individual process-response models of disparate time and space resolutions communicate with one another to deliver multi grain sized sediment load across a continental margin.sediment load across a continental margin.)
Model:Sedtrans05 + (Sedtrans05 is a sediment transport model f … Sedtrans05 is a sediment transport model for continental shelf and estuaries. It predicts the sediment transport at one location as function water depth, sediment type, current and waves (single point model). It can be used as sediment transport module for larger 2D models.Five different transport equations are available for non-cohesive sediments (sand) and one algorithm for cohesive sediment.) and one algorithm for cohesive sediment.)
Model:Shoreline + (Shoreline is a "line model" for modeling t … Shoreline is a "line model" for modeling the evolution of a coastline as the result of wind/wave-driven longshore sediment transport. It is based on conservation of mass and a semi-empirical sediment transport formula known as the CERC formula. This model was specifically adapted for modeling the evolution of the coastline near Barrow, Alaska.tion of the coastline near Barrow, Alaska.)
Model:SiStER + (SiStER (Simple Stokes solver with Exotic Rheologies) simulates lithosphere and mantle deformation with continuum mechanics: Stokes flow with large strains, strain localization, non-linear rheologies, sharp contrasts in material properties, complex BCs.)
Model:SimClast + (SimClast is a basin-scale 3D stratigraphic … SimClast is a basin-scale 3D stratigraphic model, which allows several interacting sedimentary environments. Processes included are; fluvial channel dynamics and overbank deposition, river plume deposition, open marine currents, wave resuspension, nearshore wave induced longshore and crosshore transport. This combined modelling approach allows insight into the processes influencing the flux of energy and clastic material and the effect of external perturbations in all environments. Many governing processes work on relatively small scales, e.g. in fluvial settings an avulsion is a relatively localised phenomenon. Yet, they have a profound effect on fluvial architecture. This means that the model must mimic these processes, but at the same time maintain computational efficiency. Additionally, long-term models use relatively large grid-sizing (km scale), as the area to be modelled is on the scale of continental margins. We solve this problem by implementing the governing processes as sub-grid scale routines into the large-scale basin-filling model. This parameterization greatly refines morphodynamic behaviour and the resulting stratigraphy. This modelling effort recreates realistic geomorphological and stratigraphic delta behaviour in river and wave-dominated settings.iour in river and wave-dominated settings.)
Model:MarshMorpho2D + (Simulate marsh evolution at 10-10000 time … Simulate marsh evolution at 10-10000 time scale. Suitable for domains 0.1km2 to 1000 km2.Only simulates tidal flow. Conserve sediment within the domain. Allows to track sediment through the open boundaries. Version 2.0 also included wind waves, ponding, edge erosionVersion under construction includes swell waves, cross-shore and along-shore wave-induced transport, secondary flow in channel bends, stratigraphy (sand and mud as separate constituents)hy (sand and mud as separate constituents))
Model:OverlandFlowBates + (Simulate overland flow using Bates et al. … Simulate overland flow using Bates et al. (2010).Landlab component that simulates overland flow using the Bates et al., (2010) approximations of the 1D shallow water equations to be used for 2D flood inundation modeling.This component calculates discharge, depth and shear stress after some precipitation event across any raster grid. Default input file is named “overland_flow_input.txt’ and is contained in the landlab.components.overland_flow folder.e landlab.components.overland_flow folder.)
Model:DELTA + (Simulates circulation and sedimentation in a 2D turbulent plane jet and resulting delta growth)
Model:MARM5D + (Simulates soil evolution on three spatial … Simulates soil evolution on three spatial dimensions, explicit particle size distribution and temporal dimension (hence 5D prefix) as a function of:1. Bedrock and soil physical weathering;2. Sediment transport by overland flow;3. Soil Creep (diffusion);4. Aeolian deposition. Creep (diffusion); 4. Aeolian deposition.)
Model:RASCAL + (Simulates the evolution of landscapes cons … Simulates the evolution of landscapes consisting of patches of high-flow-resistance vegetation and low-flow-resistance vegetation as a result of surface-water flow, peat accretion, gravitationally driven erosion, and sediment transport by flow. Was developed for the freshwater Everglades but could also apply to coastal marshes or floodplains. Described in Larsen and Harvey, Geomorphology, 2010 and Larsen and Harvey, American Naturalist, 2010 in press.arvey, American Naturalist, 2010 in press.)
Model:WSGFAM + (Simulates wave and current supported sediment gravity flows along the seabed offshore of high discharge, fine sediment riverine sources. See Friedrichs & Scully, 2007. Continental Shelf Research, 27: 322-337, for example.)
Model:FlowDirectorD8 + (Single-path (steepest direction) flow direction finding on raster grids by the D8 method. This method considers flow on all eight links such that flow is possible on orthogonal and on diagonal links.)
Model:Non Local Means Filtering + (Smoothes noise in a DEM by finding the mean value of neighbouring cells and assigning it to the central cell. This approach deals well with non-gaussian distributed noise.)
Model:Kirwan marsh model + (Spatially explicit model of the development and evolution of salt marshes, including vegetation influenced accretion and hydrodynamic determined channel erosion.)
Model:Inflow + (Steady-state hyperpycnal flow model.)
Model:STORM + (Storm computes windfield for a cyclone)
Model:TISC + (TISC is a computer program that simulates … TISC is a computer program that simulates the evolution of 3D large-scale sediment transport together with tectonic deformation and lithospheric vertical movements on geological time scales. Particular attention is given to foreland sedimentary basin settings. TISC (formerly called tao3D) stands for Tectonics, Isostasy, Surface Transport, and Climate.*hydrology/climateThe drainage river network is calculated following the maximum slope along the evolving topography. Based on the runoff distribution, the water discharge at any cell of the network is calculated as the water collected from tributary cells plus the precipitation at that cell. Lake evaporation is accounted for, enabling the model to study close endorheic basins. Both topography and the network evolves as a result of erosion, sedimentation and tectonic processes. *river sediment transportSediment carrying capacity is a function of water discharge and slope and determines whether a river is eroding or depositing. Suspended sediments resulting from erosion are transported through the fluvial network until they are deposited or they leave the model domain (explicit mass conservation).*lithospheric flexureA elastic and/or viscoelastic plate approach is used to calculate the vertical movements of the lithosphere caused by the mass redistribution. In the classical lithospheric flexural model, the lithosphere is assumed to rest on a fluid asthenosphere and behave as a thin plate when submitted to external forces.*tectonic deformationTectonic modification of the relieve and the correspondent loading of the lithosphere are calculated using a cinematic vertical shear approach (preserving the vertical thickness of the moving units during displacement). of the moving units during displacement). )
Model:TOPMODEL + (TOPMODEL is a physically based, distribute … TOPMODEL is a physically based, distributed watershed model that simulates hydrologic fluxes of water (infiltration-excess overland flow, saturation overland flow, infiltration, exfiltration, subsurface flow, evapotranspiration, and channel routing) through a watershed. The model simulates explicit groundwater/surface water interactions by predicting the movement of the water table, which determines where saturated land-surface areas develop and have the potential to produce saturation overland flow.ntial to produce saturation overland flow.)
Model:TOPOG + (TOPOG describes how water moves through la … TOPOG describes how water moves through landscapes; over the land surface, into the soil, through the soil and groundwater and back to the atmosphere via evaporation. Conservative solute movement and sediment transport are also simulated.The primary strength of TOPOG is that it is based on a sophisticated digital terrain analysis model, which accurately describes the topographic attributes of three-dimensional landscapes. It is intended for application to small catchments (up to 10 km2, and generally smaller than 1 km2).We refer to TOPOG as a "deterministic", "distributed-parameter" hydrologic modelling package. The term "deterministic" is used to emphasise the fact that the various water balance models within TOPOG use physical reasoning to explain how the hydrologic system behaves. The term "distributed-parameter" means that the model can account for spatial variability inherent in input parameters such as soil type, vegetation and climate.such as soil type, vegetation and climate.)
Model:TUGS + (TUGS is a 1D model that simulates the tran … TUGS is a 1D model that simulates the transport of gravel and sand in rivers. The model predicts the responses of a channel to changes made to the environment (e.g., sediment supply, hydrology, and certain artifical changes made to the river). Output of the model include longitudinal profile, sediment flux, and grain size distributions in bedload, channel surface and subsurface.n bedload, channel surface and subsurface.)
Model:TURBINS + (TURBINS, a highly parallel modular code wr … TURBINS, a highly parallel modular code written in C, is capable of modeling gravity and turbidity currents interacting with complex topographies in two and three dimensions. Accurate treatment of the complex geometry, implementation of an efficient and scalable parallel solver, i.e. multigrid solver via PETSc and HYPRE to solve the pressure Poisson equation, and parallel IO are some of the features of TURBINS. TURBINS enables us to tackle problems involving the interaction of turbidity currents with complex topographies. It provides us with a numerical tool for quantifying the flow field properties and sedimentation processes, e.g. energy transfer, dissipation, and wall shear stress, which are difficult to obtain even at laboratory scales. By benefiting from massively parallel simulations, we hope to understand the underlying physics and processes related to the formation and deposition of particles due to the occurrence of turbidity currents.e to the occurrence of turbidity currents.)
Model:TauDEM + (TauDEM provides the following capability: … TauDEM provides the following capability: •Development of hydrologically correct (pit removed) DEMs using the flooding approach•Calculates flow paths (directions) and slopes•Calculates contributing area using single and multiple flow direction methods•Multiple methods for the delineation of stream networks including topographic form-based methods sensitive to spatially variable drainage density•Objective methods for determination of the channel network delineation threshold based on stream drops•Delineation of watersheds and subwatersheds draining to each stream segment and association between watershed and segment attributes for setting up hydrologic models•Specialized functions for terrain analysisDetails of new parallel Version 5.0 of TauDEM•Restructured into a parallel processing implementation of the TauDEM suite of tools•Works on Windows PCs, laptops and UNIX clusters•Multiple processes are not required, the parallel approach can run as multiple processes within a single processor•Restructured into a set of standalone command line executable programs and an ArcGIS toolbox Graphical User Interface (GUI)•Command line executables are: -Written in C++ using Argonne National Laboratory's MPICH2 library to implement message passing between multiple processes-Based on single set of source code for the command line execuables that is platform independent and can be compiled for both Window's PC's and UNIX clustersd for both Window's PC's and UNIX clusters)
Model:Terrainbento + (Terrainbento 1.0 is a Python package for m … Terrainbento 1.0 is a Python package for modeling the evolution of the surface of the Earth over geologic time (e.g., thousands to millions of years). Despite many decades of effort by the geomorphology community, there is no one established governing equation for the evolution of topography. Terrainbento 1.0 thus provides 28 alternative models that support hypothesis testing and multi-model analysis in landscape evolution.lti-model analysis in landscape evolution.)
Model:Terrapin + (Terrapin (or TerraPIN) stands for "Terraces put into Numerics". It is a module that generates the expected terraces, both strath and fill, from prescribed river aggradation and degradation.)
Model:ATS (The Advanced Terrestrial Simulator) + (The Advanced Terrestrial Simulator (former … The Advanced Terrestrial Simulator (formerly sometimes known as the Arctic Terrestrial Simulator) is a code for solving ecosystem-based, integrated, distributed hydrology.Capabilities are largely based on solving various forms of Richards equation coupled to a surface flow equation, along with the needed sources and sinks for ecosystem and climate models. This can (but need not) include thermal processes (especially ice for frozen soils), evapo-transpiration, albedo-driven surface energy balances, snow, biogeochemistry, plant dynamics, deformation, transport, and much more. In addition, we solve problems of reactive transport in both the subsurface and surface, leveraging external geochemical engines through the Alquimia interface.al engines through the Alquimia interface.)
Model:ApsimX + (The Agricultural Production Systems sIMula … The Agricultural Production Systems sIMulator (APSIM) is internationally recognized as a highly advanced simulator of agricultural systems. It contains a suite of modules which enable the simulation of systems that cover a range of plant, animal, soil, climate and management interactions. APSIM is undergoing continual development, with new capability added to regular releases of official versions. Its development and maintenance is underpinned by rigorous science and software engineering standards. The APSIM Initiative has been established to promote the development and use of the science modules and infrastructure software of APSIM.ules and infrastructure software of APSIM.)
Model:GISS AOM + (The Atmosphere-Ocean Model is a computer p … The Atmosphere-Ocean Model is a computer program that simulates the Earth's climate in three dimensions on a gridded domain. The Model requires two kinds of input, specified parameters and prognostic variables, and generates two kinds of output, climate diagnostics and prognostic variables. The specified input parameters include physical constants, the Earth's orbital parameters, the Earth's atmospheric constituents, the Earth's topography, the Earth's surface distribution of ocean, glacial ice, or vegetation, and many others. The time varying prognostic variables include fluid mass, horizontal velocity, heat, water vapor, salt, and subsurface mass and energy fields.lt, and subsurface mass and energy fields.)
Model:CEM + (The Coastline Evolution Model (CEM) addres … The Coastline Evolution Model (CEM) addresses predominately sandy, wave-dominated coastlines on time-scales ranging from years to millenia and on spatial scales ranging from kilometers to hundreds of kilometers. Shoreline evolution results from gradients in wave-driven alongshore sediment transport. At its most basic level, the model follows the standard 'one-line' modeling approach, where the cross-shore dimension is collapsed into a single data point. However, the model allows the plan-view shoreline to take on arbitrary local orientations, and even fold back upon itself, as complex shapes such as capes and spits form under some wave climates (distributions of wave influences from different approach angles). The model can also represent the geology underlying the sandy coastline and shoreface in a simplified manner and enables the simulation of coastline evolution when sediment supply from an eroding shoreface may be constrained. CEM also supports the simulation of human manipulations to coastline evolution through beach nourishment or hard structures.ough beach nourishment or hard structures.)
Model:CVPM + (The Control Volume Permafrost Model (CVPM) … The Control Volume Permafrost Model (CVPM) is a modular heat-transfer modeling system designed for scientific and engineering studies in permafrost terrain, and as an educational tool. CVPM implements the nonlinear heat-transfer equations in 1-D, 2-D, and 3-D cartesian coordinates, as well as in 1-D radial and 2-D cylindrical coordinates. To accommodate a diversity of geologic settings, a variety of materials can be specified within the model domain, including: organic-rich materials, sedimentary rocks and soils, igneous and metamorphic rocks, ice bodies, borehole fluids, and other engineering materials. Porous materials are treated as a matrix of mineral and organic particles with pore spaces filled with liquid water, ice, and air. Liquid water concentrations at temperatures below 0°C due to interfacial, grain-boundary, and curvature effects are found using relationships from condensed matter physics; pressure and pore-water solute effects are included. A radiogenic heat-production term allows simulations to extend into deep permafrost and underlying bedrock. CVPM can be used over a broad range of depth, temperature, porosity, water saturation, and solute conditions on either the Earth or Mars. The model is suitable for applications at spatial scales ranging from centimeters to hundreds of kilometers and at timescales ranging from seconds to thousands of years. CVPM can act as a stand-alone model, the physics package of a geophysical inverse scheme, or serve as a component within a larger earth modeling system that may include vegetation, surface water, snowpack, atmospheric or other modules of varying complexity.ic or other modules of varying complexity.)
Model:CREST + (The Coupled Routing and Excess STorage (CR … The Coupled Routing and Excess STorage (CREST) distributed hydrological model is a hybrid modeling strategy that was recently developed by the University of Oklahoma (http://hydro.ou.edu) and NASA SERVIR Project Team. CREST simulates the spatiotemporal variation of water and energy fluxes and storages on a regular grid with the grid cell resolution being user-defined, thereby enabling global- and regional-scale applications. The scalability of CREST simulations is accomplished through sub-grid scale representation of soil moisture storage capacity (using a variable infiltration curve) and runoff generation processes (using linear reservoirs). The CREST model was initially developed to provide online global flood predictions with relatively coarse resolution, but it is also applicable at small scales, such as single basins. This README file and the accompanying code concentrates on and tests the model at the small scale. The CREST Model can be forced by gridded potential evapotranspiration and precipitation datasets such as, satellite-based precipitation estimates, gridded rain gauge observations, remote sensing platforms such as weather radar, and quantitative precipitation forecasts from numerical weather prediction models. The representation of the primary water fluxes such as infiltration and routing are closely related to the spatially variable land surface characteristics (i.e., vegetation, soil type, and topography). The runoff generation component and routing scheme are coupled, thus providing realistic interactions between atmospheric, land surface, and subsurface water.heric, land surface, and subsurface water.)
Model:Cross Shore Sediment Flux + (The Cross-Shore Sediment Flux model addres … The Cross-Shore Sediment Flux model addresses predominately sandy, wave-dominated coastlines on time-scales ranging from years to millenia and on spatial scales ranging from kilometers to tens of kilometers using a range of wave parameters as inputs. It calculates the cross-shore sediment flux using both shallow water wave assumptions and full Linear Airy wave Theory. An equilibrium profile is also created. Using the Exner equation, we develop an advection diffusion equation that describes the evolution of profile through time. A morphodynamic depth of closure can be estimated for each input wave parameter.e estimated for each input wave parameter.)
Model:DLBRM + (The DLBRM is a distributed, physically based, watershed hydrology model that subdivides a watershed into a 1 km2 grid network and simulates hydrologic processes for the entire watershed sequentially.)
Model:SWMM + (The EPA Storm Water Management Model (SWMM … The EPA Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) is a dynamic rainfall-runoff simulation model used for single event or long-term (continuous) simulation of runoff quantity and quality from primarily urban areas. The runoff component of SWMM operates on a collection of subcatchment areas that receive precipitation and generate runoff and pollutant loads. The routing portion of SWMM transports this runoff through a system of pipes, channels, storage/treatment devices, pumps, and regulators. SWMM tracks the quantity and quality of runoff generated within each subcatchment, and the flow rate, flow depth, and quality of water in each pipe and channel during a simulation period comprised of multiple time steps.n period comprised of multiple time steps.)
Model:GeoTiff Data Component + (The GeoTiff data component, pymt_geotiff, … The GeoTiff data component, pymt_geotiff, is a Python Modeling Toolkit (pymt) library for accessing data (and metadata) from a GeoTIFF file, through either a local filepath or a remote URL.The pymt_geotiff component provides BMI-mediated access to GeoTIFF data as a service, allowing them to be coupled in pymt with other data or model components that expose a BMI.ata or model components that expose a BMI.)
Model:GrainHill + (The Grain Hill model provides a computatio … The Grain Hill model provides a computational framework with which to study slope forms that arise from stochastic disturbance and rock weathering events. The model operates on a hexagonal lattice, with cell states representing fluid, rock, and grain aggregates that are either stationary or in a state of motion in one of the six cardinal lattice directions. Cells representing near-surface soil material undergo stochastic disturbance events, in which initially stationary material is put into motion. Net downslope transport emerges from the greater likelihood for disturbed material to move downhill than to move uphill. Cells representing rock undergo stochastic weathering events in which the rock is converted into regolith. The model can reproduce a range of common slope forms, from fully soil mantled to rocky or partially mantled, and from convex-upward to planar shapes. An optional additional state represents large blocks that cannot be displaced upward by disturbance events. With the addition of this state, the model captures the morphology of hogbacks, scarps, and similar features. In its simplest form, the model has only three process parameters, which represent disturbance frequency, characteristic disturbance depth, and baselevel lowering rate, respectively. Incorporating physical weathering of rock adds one additional parameter, representing the characteristic rock weathering rate. These parameters are not arbitrary but rather have a direct link with corresponding parameters in continuum theory. The GrainHill model includes the GrainFacetSimulator, which represents an evolving normal-fault facet with a 60-degree-dipping fault.ault facet with a 60-degree-dipping fault.)
Model:GreenAmptInfiltrationModel + (The Green-Ampt method of infiltration estimation.)
Model:GridMET Data Component + (The GridMET data component is an API, CLI, … The GridMET data component is an API, CLI, and BMI for fetching and caching daily gridMET (http://www.climatologylab.org/gridmet.html) CONUS meteorological data. Variables include:* maximum temperature* minimum temperature* precipitation accumulationGridMET provides BMI-mediated access to gridMET data as a service, allowing it to be coupled with other components that expose a BMI.d with other components that expose a BMI.)
Model:GroundwaterDupuitPercolator + (The GroundwaterDupuitPercolator is appropr … The GroundwaterDupuitPercolator is appropriate for modeling shallow groundwater flow where the vertical component of flow is negligible. Where the groundwater table approaches the land surface, it calculates seepage that can be routed using other Landlab components. It can be implemented on both regular (e.g. rectangular and hexagonal) and irregular grids determined by the user. Recharge, hydraulic conductivity, and porosity may be specified as single values uniform over the model domain, or as vectors on the nodes (recharge, porosity) or links (hydraulic conductivity) of the grid. Link hydraulic conductivity can also be specified from a two-dimensional hydraulic conductivity tensor using an included function. For mass balance calculations, the model includes methods to determine the total groundwater storage on the grid domain, the total recharge flux in, and total groundwater and surface water fluxes leaving through the boundaries.ter fluxes leaving through the boundaries.)
Model:HBV + (The HBV model (Bergström, 1976, 1992), als … The HBV model (Bergström, 1976, 1992), also known as Hydrologiska Byråns Vattenbalansavdelning, is a rainfall-runoff model, which includes conceptual numerical descriptions of hydrological processes at the catchment scale. There are many versions created over the years in various coding languages. This description points to the work of John Craven, which is a python implementation of the HBV Hydrological Model, based on matlab code of the work of Professor Amir AghaKouchak at the University of California Irvine.ak at the University of California Irvine.)
Model:HyLands + (The HyLands Landscape Evolution Model is b … The HyLands Landscape Evolution Model is built using the Landlab software package. The HyLands model builds on three new components: water and sediment is routed using the PriorityFloodFlowRouter, fluvial erosion and sediment transport is calculated using the SpaceLargeScaleEroder while bedrock landsliding and sediment runout is calculated using the BedrockLandslider. These and all other Landlab components used in this paper are part of the open source Landlab modeling framework, version 2.5.0 (Barnhart et al., 2020a; Hobley et al., 2017), which is part of the Community Surface Dynamics Modeling System (Tucker et al., 2021). Source code for the Landlab project is housed on GitHub: http://github.com/landlab/landlab (last access: 17 August 2022). Documentation, installation, instructions, and software dependencies for the entire Landlab project can be found at http://landlab.github.io/ (last access: 17 August 2022). A user manual with an accompanying Jupyter notebooks is available from https://github.com/BCampforts/hylands_modeling (last access: 17 August 2022). The Landlab project is tested on recent-generation Mac, Linux, and Windows platforms. The Landlab modeling framework is distributed under a MIT open-source license. The latest version of the Landlab software package, including the components developed for the HyLands model is archived at: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6951444 (last access: 17 August 2022).odo.6951444 (last access: 17 August 2022).)
Model:HEBEM + (The Hydrologically Enhanced Basin Evolutio … The Hydrologically Enhanced Basin Evolution Model (HEBEM) is a combined hydrologic/geomorphic model. The hydrologic model simulates precipitation with variability, infiltration, evapotranspiration, overland flow, and groundwater flow, thus producing a spatially and temporally varying water discharge Q that drives fluvial processes in the land surface. The geomorphic model accounts for tectonic forcing, hillslope processes, erosion, and sediment transport. The combined model uses multiple time steps for hydrologic and geomorphic processes. Due to its hydrologic representation, the model is able to investigate the interaction between hydrology and geomorpholgy.action between hydrology and geomorpholgy.)
Model:Instructed Glacier Model + (The Instructed Glacier Model (IGM) simulat … The Instructed Glacier Model (IGM) simulates the ice dynamics, surface mass balance, and its coupling through mass conservation to predict the evolution of glaciers and icefields. The specificity of IGM is that it models the ice flow by a neural network, which is trained with ice flow physical models. Doing so permits to speed-up and facilitate considerably the implementation of the forward model and the inverse model required to assimilate data.inverse model required to assimilate data.)
Model:ILAMB + (The International Land Model Benchmarking … The International Land Model Benchmarking (ILAMB) project is a model-data intercomparison and integration project designed to improve the performance of land models and, in parallel, improve the design of new measurement campaigns to reduce uncertainties associated with key land surface processes. Building upon past model evaluation studies, the goals of ILAMB are to:* develop internationally accepted benchmarks for land model performance, promote the use of these benchmarks by the international community for model intercomparison,* strengthen linkages between experimental, remote sensing, and climate modeling communities in the design of new model tests and new measurement programs, and* support the design and development of a new, open source, benchmarking software system for use by the international community.em for use by the international community.)
Model:Drainage Density + (The Landlab Drainage Density component cal … The Landlab Drainage Density component calculates landscape-averaged drainage density, defined as the inverse of the mean distance from any pixel to the nearest channel. The component follows the approach defined in Tucker et al (2001, Geomorphology). The drainage density component does not find channel heads, but takes a user-defined channels mask.s, but takes a user-defined channels mask.)
Model:ErosionDeposition + (The Landlab ErosionDeposition component ca … The Landlab ErosionDeposition component calculates fluvial erosion and deposition of a single substrate as derived by Davy and Lague (2009, Journal of Geophysical Research). Mass is simultaneously conserved in two reservoirs: the bed and the water column. ErosionDeposition dynamically transitions between detachment-limited and transport-limited behavior, but is limited to erosion of a single substrate (e.g., sediment or bedrock but not both). (e.g., sediment or bedrock but not both).)
Model:OverlandFlow + (The Landlab OverlandFlow component is base … The Landlab OverlandFlow component is based on a simplified inertial approximation of the shallow water equations, following the solution of de Almeida et al. (2012). This explicit two-dimensional hydrodynamic algorithm simulates a flood wave across a model domain, where water discharge and flow depth are calculated at all locations within a structured (raster) grid. This component generates a hydrograph at all grid locations, and allows for flow to move in one of the four cardinal directions (D4) into/out of a given model node.tions (D4) into/out of a given model node.)
Model:SPACE + (The Landlab SPACE (Stream Power with Alluv … The Landlab SPACE (Stream Power with Alluvium Conservation and Entrainment) enables modeling of bedrock, alluviated, and bedrock-alluvial rivers by simultaneously conserving mass in three reservoirs: the water column, the alluvial bed, and the underlying bedrock. SPACE allows dynamic transitions between detachment-limited, transport-limited, and intermediate states. SPACE calculates sediment fluxes, alluvial layer thickness, and bedrock erosion at all nodes within the model domain. An extended description of the model may be found in Shobe et al (2017, Geoscientific Model Development).l (2017, Geoscientific Model Development).)
Model:LTRANS + (The Larval TRANSport Lagrangian model (LTR … The Larval TRANSport Lagrangian model (LTRANS) is an off-line particle-tracking model that runs with the stored predictions of a 3D hydrodynamic model, specifically the Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS). Although LTRANS was built to simulate oyster larvae, it can easily be adapted to simulate passive particles and other planktonic organisms. LTRANS is written in Fortran 90 and is designed to track the trajectories of particles in three dimensions. It includes a 4th order Runge-Kutta scheme for particle advection and a random displacement model for vertical turbulent particle motion. Reflective boundary conditions, larval behavior, and settlement routines are also included. LTRANS was built by Elizabeth North and Zachary Schlag of University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science Horn Point Laboratory. Funding was provided by the National Science Foundation Biological Oceanography Program, Maryland Department of Natural Resources, NOAA Chesapeake Bay Office, and NOAA-funded UMCP Advanced Study Institute for the Environment. Components of LTRANS have been in development since 2002 and are described in the following publications: North et al. 2005, North et al. 2006a, North et al. 2006b, and North et al. 2008.North et al. 2006b, and North et al. 2008.)
Model:MITgcm + (The MITgcm (MIT General Circulation Model) … The MITgcm (MIT General Circulation Model) is a numerical model designed for study of the atmosphere, ocean, and climate. Its non-hydrostatic formulation enables it to simulate fluid phenomena over a wide range of scales; its adjoint capability enables it to be applied to parameter and state estimation problems. By employing fluid isomorphisms, one hydrodynamical kernel can be used to simulate flow in both the atmosphere and ocean.ate flow in both the atmosphere and ocean.)
Model:ModelParameterDictionary + (The Model Parameter Dictionary is a tool f … The Model Parameter Dictionary is a tool for numerical modelers toeasily read and access model parameters from a simple formatted input (text) file. Each parameter has a KEY, which identifies theparameter, and a VALUE, which can be a number or a string. AModelParameterDictionary object reads model parameters from an input file to a Dictionary, and provides functions for the user to look up particular parameters by key name.The format of the input file looks like:PI: the text "PI" is an example of a KEY3.1416AVOGADROS_NUMBER: this is another6.022e23FAVORITE_FRUIT: yet anothermangoesNUMBER_OF_MANGO_WALKS: this one is an integer4ALSO_LIKES_APPLES: this is a booleantrueExample code that reads these parameters from a file called"myinputs.txt": my_param_dict = ModelParameterDictionary() my_param_dict.read_from_file( 'myinputs.txt' ) pi = my_param_dict.read_float( 'PI' ) avogado = my_param_dict.read_float( 'AVOGADROS_NUMBER' ) fruit = my_param_dict.read_string( 'FAVORITE_FRUIT' ) nmang = my_param_dict.read_int( 'NUMBER_OF_MANGO_WALKS' ) apples_ok = my_param_dict.read_bool( 'ALSO_LIKES_APPLES' )As in Python, hash marks (#) denote comments. The rules are that eachkey must have one and only one parameter value, and each value mustappear on a separate line immediately below the key line.Also available are functions to read input parameters from the command line (e.g., read_float_cmdline( 'PI' ) )d line (e.g., read_float_cmdline( 'PI' ) ))
Model:Permafrost Benchmark System + (The Permafrost Benchmark System (PBS) wrap … The Permafrost Benchmark System (PBS) wraps the command-line ILAMB benchmarking system with a customized version of the CSDMS Web Modeling Tool (WMT), and adds tools for uploading CMIP5-compatible model outputs and benchmark datasets. The PBS allows users to access and run ILAMB remotely, without having to install software or data locally; a web browser on a desktop, laptop, or tablet computer is all that’s needed., or tablet computer is all that’s needed.)
Model:Princeton Ocean Model (POM) + (The Princeton Ocean Model (POM), a simple- … The Princeton Ocean Model (POM), a simple-to-run yet powerful ocean modeling code that is able to simulate a wide-range of problems: circulation and mixing processes in rivers, estuaries, shelf and slope, lakes, semi-enclosed seas and open and global ocean. POM is a sigma coordinate, free surface ocean model with embedded turbulence and wave sub-models, and wet-dry capability. It has been one of the first coastal ocean models freely available to users, with currently over 3000 users from 70 countries.For more details see: http://www.ccpo.odu.edu/POMWEB/tails see: http://www.ccpo.odu.edu/POMWEB/)
Model:SFINCS + (The SFINCS model (Super-Fast INundation of … The SFINCS model (Super-Fast INundation of CoastS) is developed to efficiently simulate compound flooding events at limited computational cost and good accuracy. SFINCS solves the SSWE and thus includes advection in the momentum equation. However, it can also run using the LIE without advection. Processes such as spatially varying friction, infiltration and precipitation are included. Moreover, SFINCS includes wind-driven shear and an absorbing-generating weakly-reflective boundary is considered which are not included in other reduced-physics models. included in other reduced-physics models.)
Model:SLAMM 6.7 + (The Sea Level Affecting Marshes Model (SLA … The Sea Level Affecting Marshes Model (SLAMM) simulates the dominant processes involved inwetland conversions and shoreline modifications during long-term sea level rise. Tidal marshes canbe among the most susceptible ecosystems to climate change, especially accelerated sea level rise(SLR).pecially accelerated sea level rise (SLR).)
Model:SBM + (The Sorted Bedform Model (SBM) addresses the formation mechanism for sorted bedforms present on inner continental shelf environments.)
Model:SEOM + (The Spectral Element Ocean Model (SEOM) so … The Spectral Element Ocean Model (SEOM) solves the hydrostatic, and alternatively the non-hydrostatic, primitive equations using a mixed spectral / finite element solution procedure. Potential advantages of the spectral element method include flexible incorporation of complex geometry and spatially dependent resolution, rapid convergence, and attractive performance on parallel computer systems. A 2D version of SEOM, which solves the shallow water equations, has been extensively tested on applications ranging from global tides to the abyssal circulation of the Eastern Mediterranean. The 3D SEOM is undergoing initial testing for later release.ergoing initial testing for later release.)
Model:The TELEMAC system + (The TELEMAC system is a powerful integrate … The TELEMAC system is a powerful integrated modeling tool for use in the field of free-surface flows. The various simulation modules use high-capacity algorithms based on the finite-element method. Space is discretised in the form of an unstructured grid of triangular elements, which means that it can be refined particularly in areas of special interest. This avoids the need for systematic use of embedded models, as is the case with the finite-difference method.It has numerous applications in both river and maritime hydraulics.ons in both river and maritime hydraulics.)
Model:UEB + (The Utah Energy Balance (UEB) snow model i … The Utah Energy Balance (UEB) snow model is an energy balance snowmelt model developed by David Tarboton's research group, first in 1994, and updated over the years. The model uses a lumped representation of the snowpack and keeps track of water and energy balance. The model is driven by inputs of air temperature, precipitation, wind speed, humidity and radiation at time steps sufficient to resolve the diurnal cycle (six hours or less). The model uses physically-based calculations of radiative, sensible, latent and advective heat exchanges. A force-restore approach is used to represent surface temperature, accounting for differences between snow surface temperature and average snowpack temperature without having to introduce additional state variables. Melt outflow is a function of the liquid fraction, using Darcy's law. This allows the model to account for continued outflow even when the energy balance is negative. Because of its parsimony (few state variables - but increasing with later versions) this model is suitable for application in a distributed fashion on a grid over a watershed.ibuted fashion on a grid over a watershed.)
Model:VIC + (The VIC model is a large-scale, semi-distr … The VIC model is a large-scale, semi-distributed hydrologic model. As such, it shares several basic features with the other land surface models (LSMs) that are commonly coupled to global circulation models (GCMs):The land surface is modelled as a grid of large (>1km), flat, uniform cellsSub-grid heterogeneity (e.g. elevation, land cover) is handled via statistical distributions.Inputs are time series of daily or sub-daily meteorological drivers (e.g. precipitation, air temperature, wind speed).Land-atmosphere fluxes, and the water and energy balances at the land surface, are simulated at a daily or sub-daily time stepWater can only enter a grid cell via the atmosphereNon-channel flow between grid cells is ignoredThe portions of surface and subsurface runoff that reach the local channel network within a grid cell are assumed to be >> the portions that cross grid cell boundaries into neighboring cellsOnce water reaches the channel network, it is assumed to stay in the channel (it cannot flow back into the soil)This last point has several consequences for VIC model implementation:Grid cells are simulated independently of each otherEntire simulation is run for each grid cell separately, 1 grid cell at a time, rather than, for each time step, looping over all grid cellsMeteorological input data for each grid cell (for the entire simulation period) are read from a file specific to that grid cellTime series of output variables for each grid cell (for the entire simulation period) are stored in files specific to that grid cellRouting of stream flow is performed separately from the land surface simulation, using a separate model (typically the routing model of Lohmann et al., 1996 and 1998)the routing model of Lohmann et al., 1996 and 1998))
Model:WEPP + (The Water Erosion Prediction Project (WEPP … The Water Erosion Prediction Project (WEPP) model is a process-based, distributed parameter, continuous simulation erosion prediction model for application to hillslope profiles and small watersheds. Interfaces to WEPP allow its application as a stand-alone Windows program, a GIS-system (ArcView, ArcGIS) extension, or in web-based links. WEPP has been developed since 1985 by the U.S. Department of Agriculture for use on croplands, forestlands, rangelands, and other land use types.nds, rangelands, and other land use types.)
Model:WRF + (The Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) … The Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model is a next-generation mesoscale numerical weather prediction system designed to serve both operational forecasting and atmospheric research needs. It features multiple dynamical cores, a 3-dimensional variational (3DVAR) data assimilation system, and a software architecture allowing for computational parallelism and system extensibility. WRF is suitable for a broad spectrum of applications across scales ranging from meters to thousands of kilometers.ng from meters to thousands of kilometers.)
Model:WRF-Hydro + (The Weather Research and Forecasting Model … The Weather Research and Forecasting Model Hydrological modeling system (WRF-Hydro) was developed as a community-based, open source, model coupling framework designed to link multi-scale process models of the atmosphere and terrestrial hydrology to provide:An extensible multi-scale & multi-physics land-atmosphere modeling capability for conservative, coupled and uncoupled assimilation & prediction of major water cycle components such as: precipitation, soil moisture, snow pack, ground water, streamflow, and inundationAccurate and reliable streamflow prediction across scales (from 0-order headwater catchments to continental river basins and from minutes to seasons)A research modeling testbed for evaluating and improving physical process and coupling representations.ing physical process and coupling representations.)
Model:CarboLOT + (The carbonate production is modelled accor … The carbonate production is modelled according to organism growth and survival rates moderated by habitat suitability (chiefly light, temperature, nutrient). The environmental inputs are extracted from global databases. At the seabed the model's vertical zonation allows for underground (diagenetic) processes, bed granular transport, lower stable framework, upper collapsable framework. This voxelation allows for the carbonate to be placed (accumulated) correctly within the bedding and clast fabrics. The stratigraphy and seabed elevation are built in this way. As conditions change (e.g., by shallowing) the biological communities respond in the simulation, and so too do the production rates and clast/binding arrangements. Events punctuate the record, and the organism assemblages adjust according to frequencies and severities. The population stocks are calculated by diffuse competition in a Lotke-Volterra scheme, or via cellular simulations of close-in interactions to represent competition by growth, recruitment.resent competition by growth, recruitment.)
Model:Bedrock Fault Scarp + (The code computes the formation of a hills … The code computes the formation of a hillslope profile above an active normal fault. It represents the hillslope as a set of points with vertical and horizontal (fault-perpendicular) coordinates. Points move due to a prescribed erosion rate (which may vary in time) and due to offset during earthquakes with a specified recurrence interval and slip rate.The model is described and illustrated in the following journal article:Tucker, G. E., S. W. McCoy, A. C. Whittaker, G. P. Roberts, S. T. Lancaster, and R. Phillips (2011), Geomorphic significance of postglacial bedrock scarps on normal-fault footwalls, J. Geophys. Res., 116, F01022, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2010JF001861.i: http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2010JF001861.)
Model:DeltaRCM Vegetation + (The delta-building model DeltaRCM expanded … The delta-building model DeltaRCM expanded to included vegetation effects. Vegetation colonizes, grows, and dies, and influences the delta through increasing bank stability and providing resistance to flow. Vegetation was implemented to represent marsh grass type plants, and parameters of stem diameter, carrying capacity, logistic growth rate, and rooting depth can be altered.th rate, and rooting depth can be altered.)
Model:HAMSOM + (The development of the HAMSOM coding goes … The development of the HAMSOM coding goes back to the mid eighties where it emerged from a fruitful co-operation between Backhaus and Maier-Reimer who later called his model 'HOPE'. From the very beginning HAMSOM was designed with the intention to allow simulations of both oceanic and coastal and shelf sea dynamics.The primitive equation model with a free surface utilises two time-levels, and is defined in Z co-ordinates on the Arakawa C-grid. Stability constraints for surface gravity waves and the heat conduction equation are avoided by the implementation of implicit schemes. With a user defined weighting between future and presence time levels a hierarchy of implicit schemes is provided to solve for the free surface problem, and for the vertical transfer of momentum and water mass properties. In the time domain a scheme for the Coriolis rotation is incorporated which has second order accuracy. Time- and space-dependent vertical exchange and diffusivity coefficients are determined from a simple zero-order turbulence closure scheme which has also been replaced by a higher order closure scheme (GOTM). The resolution of a water column may degenerate to just one grid cell. At the seabed a non-linear (implicit) friction law as well as the full kinematic boundary condition is applied. Seabed cells may deviate from an undisturbed cell height to allow for a better resolution of the topography. The HAMSOM coding excludes any time-splitting, i.e. free surface and internal baroclinic modes are always directly coupled. Simple upstream and more sophisticated advection schemes for both momentum and matter may be run according to directives from the user.Successful couplings with eco-system models (ECOHAM, ERSEM), an atmospheric model (REMO), and both Lagrangian and Eulerian models for sediment transport are reported in the literature. For polar applications HAMSOM was coupled with a viscous-plastic thermo-hydrodynamic ice model of Hibler type. Since about 15 years in Hamburg, and overseas in more than 30 laboratories, HAMSOM is already being in use as a community model.already being in use as a community model.)
Model:NormalFault + (The fault can have an arbitrary trace given by two points (x1, y1) and (x2, y2) in the fault_trace input parameter. These value of these points is in model-space coordinates and is not based on node id values or number of rows and columns.)
Model:FractureGridGenerator + (The grid contains the value 1 where fractures (one cell wide) exist, and 0 elsewhere. The idea is to use this for simulations based on weathering and erosion of, and/or flow within, fracture networks.)
Model:WWTM + (The hydrodynamic module of WWTM solves the … The hydrodynamic module of WWTM solves the shallow water equations modified through the introduction of a refined sub-grid model of topography to deal with flooding and drying processes in irregular domains (Defina, 2000). The numerical model, which uses finite-element technique and discretizes the domain with triangular elements, has been extensively tested in recent years in the Venice lagoon, Italy (D’Alpaos and Defina, 2007, Carniello et al., 2005; Carniello et al., 2009).For the wind wave modulel the wave action conservation equation is used, solved numerically with a finite volume scheme, and fully coupled with the hydrodynamic module (see Carniello et al. 2005). The two modules share the same computational grid.modules share the same computational grid.)
Model:Hydromad + (The hydromad (Hydrological Model Assessment and Development) package provides a set of functions which work together to construct, manipulate, analyse and compare hydrological models.)
Model:OGGM + (The model accounts for glacier geometry (i … The model accounts for glacier geometry (including contributory branches) and includes an explicit ice dynamics module. It can simulate past and future mass-balance, volume and geometry of (almost) any glacier in the world in a fully automated and extensible workflow. Publicly available data is used for calibration and validation.ta is used for calibration and validation.)
Model:GLUDM + (The model calculates a unique regression e … The model calculates a unique regression equation for each grid-cell between a the relative area of a specific land use (e.g. cropland) and global population. The equation is used to extrapolate that land use are into the future in each grid cell with predicted global population predictions. If the relative area of a land use reach a value of 95%, additional expansion is migrated to neighboring cells thus allowing spatial expansion. Geographic limitations are imposed on land use migration (e.g. no cropland beyond 60 degree latitude).For more information:Haney, N., Cohen, S. (2015), Predicting 21st century global agricultural land use with a spatially and temporally explicit regression-based model. Applied Geography, 62: 366-376.sed model. Applied Geography, 62: 366-376.)
Model:CryoGrid3 + (The model calculates the surface energy ba … The model calculates the surface energy balance in order to represent energy transfer processes between the atmosphere and the ground. These processes include the radiation balance, the exchange of sensible heat, as well as evaporation and condensation. For a realistic representation of the thermal dynamics of the ground, the model includes processes such as the phase change of soil water and an insulating snow cover during winter.nd an insulating snow cover during winter.)
Model:SWEHR + (The model couples the shallow water equati … The model couples the shallow water equations with the Green-Ampt infiltration model and the Hairsine-Rose soil erosion model. Fluid flow is also modified through source terms in the momentum equations that account for changes in flow behavior associated with high sediment concentrations. See McGuire et al. (2016, Constraining the rates of raindrop- and flow-driven sediment transport mechanisms in postwildfire environments and implications for recovery timescales) for a complete model description and details on the numerical solution of the governing equations.rical solution of the governing equations.)
Model:1D Hillslope MCMC + (The model evolves a 1D hillslope according … The model evolves a 1D hillslope according to a non-linear diffusion rule (e.g. Roering et al. 1999) for varying boundary conditions idealised as a gaussian pulse of baselevel fall through time. A Markov Chain Monte Carlo inversion finds the most likely boundary condition parameters when compared to a time series of field data on hillslope morphology from the Dragon's Back Pressure Ridge, Carrizo Plain, CA, USA; see Hilley and Arrowsmith, 2008. CA, USA; see Hilley and Arrowsmith, 2008.)
Model:Mixed bedrock-alluvial morphodynamic + (The model is developed to simulate the sed … The model is developed to simulate the sediment transport and alluvial morphodynamics of bedrock reaches. It is capable of computing the alluvial cover fraction, the alluvial-bedrock transition and flow hydrodynamics over both bedrock and alluvial reaches. This model is now validated against a set of laboratory experiment. Field scale application of the model can also be done using field parameters.l can also be done using field parameters.)
Model:STSWM + (The model is related to the numerical solu … The model is related to the numerical solution of the shallow water equations in spherical geometry. The shallow water equations are used as a kernel for both oceanic and atmospheric general circulation models and are of interest in evaluating numerical methods for weather forecasting and climate modeling. weather forecasting and climate modeling.)
Model:QUODDY + (The model is three-dimensional and fully n … The model is three-dimensional and fully nonlinear with a free surface, incorporates advanced turbulence closure, and operates in tidal time. Variable horizontal and vertical resolution are facilitated by the use of unstructured meshes of linear triangles in the horizontal, and structured linear elements in the verticalstructured linear elements in the vertical)
Model:Equilibrium Calculator + (The model predicts bankfull geometry of single-thread, sand-bed rivers from first principles, i.e. conservation of channel bed and floodplain sediment, which does not require the a-priori knowledge of the bankfull discharge.)
Model:Auto marsh + (The model reproduce the effect of a variab … The model reproduce the effect of a variability in soil resistance on salt marsh erosion by wind waves.The model consists of a two-dimensional square lattice whose elements, i, have randomly distributed resistance, r_i. The critical soil height H_ci for boundary stability is calculated from soil shear strength values and is assumed as representative of soil resistance, as it is a convenient way to take into account general soil and ambient conditions. The erosion rate of each cell, E_i, which represents the erosion of an homogeneous marsh portion, is defined as:E_i=〖αP〗^β exp (-H_ci/H)Where α and β are non-dimensional constants set equal to 0.35 and 1.1 respectively, P is the wave power, and H is the mean wave height. The model follows three rules: i) only neighbors of previously eroded cells can be eroded. Therefore, only cells having at least one side in common with previously eroded elements are susceptible to erosion; ii) at every time step one element is eroded at random with probability p_i=E_i/(∑E_i ); iii) A cell is removed from the domain if it remains isolated from the rest of the boundary (no neighbors).m the rest of the boundary (no neighbors).)
Model:Wetland3P + (The model simplifies the geometry of a bac … The model simplifies the geometry of a backbarrier tidal basin with 3 variables: marsh depth, mudflat depth, mudflat width. These 3 variables are evolved by sediment redistribution driven by wave processes. Sediment are exchanged with the open ocean, which is an external reservoir. Organic sediments are produced on the marsh platform.iments are produced on the marsh platform.)
Model:SedBerg + (The model simulates the formation, drift, and melt of a population of icebergs utilizing Monte Carlo based techniques with a number of underlying parametric probability distributions to describe the stochastic behavior of iceberg formation and dynamics.)
Model:Meander Centerline Migration Model + (The model simulates the long-term evolution of meandering rivers above heterogeneous floodplain surfaces, i.e. floodplains that have been reworked by the river itself through the formation of oxbow lakes and point bars.)
Model:CosmoLand + (The model tracks both surface CRN concentr … The model tracks both surface CRN concentration and concentration eroded off hillslopes into fluvial network in a simplified landscape undergoing both landslide erosion and more steady 'diffusive-like' erosion. Sediment mixing is allowed in the fluvial network. Code can be used to help successfully develop CRN sampling procedures in terrains where landslides are important.n terrains where landslides are important.)
Model:Tracer dispersion calculator + (The model uses the vertically continuous ( … The model uses the vertically continuous (not active layer-based), morphodynamic framework proposed by Parker, Paola an Leclair in 2000 to model the streamwise and vertical dispersal of a patch of tracers installed in a equilibrium gravel bed. The model was validated at laboratory and field scales on the mountainous Halfmoon Creek, USA, and on the braided Buech River, France.Different versions of the model are uploaded in the github folder because the formulaiton for the calculation of the formative bed shear stress varied depending on the available data. REFERENCEParker, G., Paola, C. & Leclair, S. (2000). Probabilistic Exner sediment continuity equation for mixtures with no active layer. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 126 (11), 818-826.l of Hydraulic Engineering, 126 (11), 818-826.)
Model:CrevasseFlow + (The module is designed to calculate morpho … The module is designed to calculate morphological changes and water discharge outflow of a crevasse splay that is triggered by a preset flood event and evolves afterwards. The inputs for "mainCS.m" should be daily water discharge and sediment flux series of the trunk channel upstream the crevasse splay. The outputs will be daily series for the cross-sectional parameters of the crevasse splay, and daily water discharge series of the trunk channel downstream the crevasse splay. One limitation of the present version is it only calculates the expanding and healing of a crevasse splay, while ignores the possible morphological change (demise or revival) of the trunk channel downstream the crevasse splay. Another limitation is the codes are originally written for the Lower Yellow River(a suspended load dominated river) for the purpose of calculating sediment budget in the Lower Yellow over a long timescale, say as long as hundreds years, so the present module can not be applied to other alluvial rivers without modifying those lines related to channel geometry, bankfull discharge and bank erosion(deposition).ll discharge and bank erosion(deposition).)
Model:FVshock + (The numerical model solves the two-dimensi … The numerical model solves the two-dimensional shallow water equations with different modes of sediment transport (bed-load and suspended load) (Canestrelli et al. 2009, Canestrelli et al, 2010). The scheme solves the system of partial differential equations cast in a non-conservative form, but it has the important characteristic of reducing automatically to a conservative scheme if the underlying system of equations is a conservation law. The scheme thus belongs to the so-called category of “shock-capturing” schemes. At the present I am adding a new module for the computation of mud flows, and I want to apply the model to the Fly River (Papua New Guinea) system.o the Fly River (Papua New Guinea) system.)
Model:River Temperature Model + (The river water temperature model is desig … The river water temperature model is designed to be applied in Arctic rivers. Heat energy transfers considered include surface net solar radiation, net longwave radiation, latent heat due to evaporation and condensation, convective heat and the riverbed heat flux. The model is explicitly designed to interact with a permafrost channelbed and frozen conditions through seasonal cycles. In addition to the heat budget, river discharge, or stage, drives the model.ver discharge, or stage, drives the model.)
Model:GST-extendedmodel + (The term "extended GST model" indicates th … The term "extended GST model" indicates the combination of an analytical GST migration model combined with closure relations (for slope and surface texture) based on the assumption of quasi-equilibrium conditions. The extended model is described in Blom et al, 2017 "Advance, retreat, and halt of abrupt gravel-sand transitions in alluvial rivers", http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2017GL074231.", http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2017GL074231.)
Model:1DBreachingTurbidityCurrent + (The term “breaching” refers to the slow, r … The term “breaching” refers to the slow, retrogressive failure of a steep subaqueous slope, so forming a nearly vertical turbidity current directed down the face. This mechanism, first identified by the dredging industry, has remained largely unexplored, and yet evidence exists to link breaching to the formation of sustained turbidity currents in the deep sea. The model can simulate a breach-generated turbidity current with a layer-averaged formulation that has at its basis the governing equations for the conservation of momentum, water, suspended sediment and turbulent kinetic energy. In particular, the equations of suspended sediment conservation are solved for a mixture of sediment particles differing in grain size. In the model the turbidity current is divided into two regions joined at a migrating boundary: the breach face, treated as vertical, and a quasi-horizontal region sloping downdip. In this downstream region, the bed slope is much lower (but still nonzero), and is constructed by deposition from a quasi-horizontal turbidity current. The model is applied to establish the feasibility of a breach-generated turbidity current in a field setting, using a generic example based on the Monterey Submarine Canyon, offshore California, USA.ubmarine Canyon, offshore California, USA.)
Model:WAVEWATCH III ^TM + (Third generation random phase spectral wave model, including shallow water physcis.)
Model:PotentialityFlowRouter + (This class implements Voller, Hobley, and … This class implements Voller, Hobley, and Paola’s experimental matrix solutions for flow routing. The method works by solving for a potential field at all nodes on the grid, which enforces both mass conservation and flow downhill along topographic gradients. It is order n and highly efficient, but does not return any information about flow connectivity.Options are permitted to allow “abstract” routing (flow enforced downslope, but no particular assumptions are made about the governing equations), or routing according to the Chezy or Manning equations. This routine assumes that water is distributed evenly over the surface of the cell in deriving the depth, and does not assume channelization. You will need to back- calculate channel depths for yourself using known widths at each node if that is what you want.ths at each node if that is what you want.)
Model:FastscapeEroder + (This class uses the Braun-Willett Fastscape approach to calculate the amount of erosion at each node in a grid, following a stream power framework. This should allow it to be stable against larger timesteps than an explicit stream power scheme.)
Model:AR2-sinuosity + (This code creates the channel centerline ( … This code creates the channel centerline (i.e., the line equidistant between two banks) for a single thread-channel, using a second-order autoregressive model. The code implements a model for random centerlines proposed by Ferguson, R. I. (1976) Disturbed periodic model for river meanders, Earth Surface Processes 1(4), 337-347, doi:10.1002/esp.3290010403. This implementation also includes (1) controls for the node spacing and extent of channels, (2) removal of self-intersecting (cutoff) loops from modeled centerlines, and (3) a wrapper script to sweep model parameter space and generate alternate realizations using different random disturbance series.using different random disturbance series.)
Model:VegCA + (This code is based on Cellular Automata Tree Grass Shrub Simulator (CATGraSS). It simulates spatial competition of multiple plant functional types through establishment and mortality. In the current code, tree, grass and shrubs are used.)
Model:HackCalculator + (This component calculates Hack’s law param … This component calculates Hack’s law parameters for drainage basins.Hacks law is given asL = C * A**hWhere L is the distance to the drainage divide along the channel, A is the drainage area, and C are parameters.The HackCalculator uses a ChannelProfiler to determine the nodes on which to calculate the parameter fit.s on which to calculate the parameter fit.)
Model:ChiFinder + (This component calculates chi indices, sensu Perron & Royden, 2013, for a Landlab landscape.)
Model:SteepnessFinder + (This component calculates steepness indices, sensu Wobus et al. 2006, for a Landlab landscape. Follows broadly the approach used in GeomorphTools, geomorphtools.org.)
Model:FireGenerator + (This component generates random numbers us … This component generates random numbers using the Weibull distribution(Weibull, 1951). No particular units must be used, but it was written withthe fire recurrence units in time (yrs).Using the Weibull Distribution assumes two things: All elements within the study area have the same fire regime. Each element must have (on average) a constant fire regime during the time span of the study. As of Sept. 2013, fires are considered instantaneous events independent ofother fire events in the time series.pendent of other fire events in the time series.)
Model:DepressionFinderAndRouter + (This component identifies depressions in a … This component identifies depressions in a topographic surface, finds an outlet for each depression. If directed to do so (default True), and the component is able to find existing routing fields output from the 'route_flow_dn' component, it will then modify the drainage directions and accumulations already stored in the grid to route flow across these depressions.id to route flow across these depressions.)
Model:DepthDependentDiffuser + (This component implements a depth and slop … This component implements a depth and slope dependent linear diffusion rule in the style of Johnstone and Hilley (2014). Soil moves with a prescribed exponential vertical velocity profile. Soil flux is dictated by a diffusivity, K, and increases linearly with topographic slope.increases linearly with topographic slope.)
Model:ExponentialWeatherer + (This component implements exponential weat … This component implements exponential weathering of bedrock on hillslopes. Uses exponential soil production function in the style of Ahnert (1976).Consider that w_0 is the maximum soil production rate and that d* is the characteristic soil production depth. The soil production rate w is given as a function of the soil depth d,w = w_0^(-d/d*)The ExponentialWeatherer only calculates soil production at core nodes. calculates soil production at core nodes.)
Model:LossyFlowAccumulator + (This component is closely related to the F … This component is closely related to the FlowAccumulator, in that this is accomplished by first finding flow directions by a user-specified method and then calculating the drainage area and discharge. However, this component additionally requires the passing of a function that describes how discharge is lost or gained downstream, f(Qw, nodeID, linkID, grid). See examples at https://github.com/landlab/landlab/blob/master/landlab/components/flow_accum/lossy_flow_accumulator.py to see how this works in practice.ator.py to see how this works in practice.)
Model:FlowDirectorSteepest + (This components finds the steepest single-path steepest descent flow directions. It is equivalent to D4 method in the special case of a raster grid in that it does not consider diagonal links between nodes. For that capability, use FlowDirectorD8.)
Model:FluidMud + (This is a 1DV wave-phase resolving numeric … This is a 1DV wave-phase resolving numerical model for fluid mud transport based on mixture theory with boundary layer approximation. The model incorporates turbulence-sediment interaction, gravity-driven flow, mud rheology, bed erodibility and the dynamics of floc break-up and aggregation.dynamics of floc break-up and aggregation.)
Model:WILSIM + (This is a Java Applet that allows the user … This is a Java Applet that allows the user to change different parameters (such as rainfall, erodibility, tectonic uplift) and watch how the landform evolve over time under different scenarios. It is based on a Cellular Automata algorithm. Two versions are available: linear and non-linear. Details can be found in:Luo, W., Peronja, E., Duffin, K., Stravers, A. J., 2006, Incorporating Nonlinear Rules in a Web-based Interactive Landform Simulation Model (WILSIM), Computers and Geosciences, v. 32, n. 9, p. 1512-1518 (doi: 10.1016/j.cageo.2005.12.012).Luo, W., K.L. Duffin, E. Peronja, J.A. Stravers, and G.M. Henry, 2004, A Web-based Interactive Landform Simulation Model (WILSIM), Computers and Geosciences. v. 30, n. 3, p. 215-220. and Geosciences. v. 30, n. 3, p. 215-220.)
Model:GFlex + (This is a Landlab wrapper for A Wickert's … This is a Landlab wrapper for A Wickert's gFlex flexure model (Wickert et al., submitted to Geoscientific Model Development). The most up-to-date version of his code can be found at github.com/awickert/gFlex.This Landlab wrapper will use a snapshot of that code, which YOU need to install on your own machine. A stable snapshot of gFlex is hosted on PyPI, which is the recommended version to install.If you have pip (the Python package install tool), simply run 'pip install gFlex' from a command prompt.Alternatively, you can download and unpack the code (from github, or with PyPI, pypi.python.org/pypi/gFlex/), then run 'python setup.py install'.lex/), then run 'python setup.py install'.)
Model:CBOFS2 + (This is a special case of the Regional Oce … This is a special case of the Regional Ocean Modeling System(ROMS). The National Ocean Service presently has an Operational Forecast System (CBOFS) for the Chesapeake Bay which generates only water levels and depth‐integrated currents. As a next generation system, a fully three‐dimensional, baroclinic Forecast System (CBOFS2) was developed, calibrated and validated; this system will produce water levels, currents, temperature and salinity. First, a two‐month tides only simulation was conducted to validate the water levels and currents and thereafter, a synoptic hindcast simulation from June 01, 2003–September 01, 2005 was conducted to validate water levels, currents, temperature and salinity. Upon comparison with observations, CBOFS2 for the most part met the target NOS water level error criteria and for current error, the criteria were met exceptionally well; the temperature and salinity errors were frequently less than 1 C and 3 PSU respectively. Hence, the predictive accuracy of CBOFS2 warranted it being accepted as a suitable three‐dimensional upgrade to CBOFS.Please see https://csdms.colorado.edu/wiki/Model:ROMS for details..colorado.edu/wiki/Model:ROMS for details.)
Model:NUBBLE + (This is a time-stepping point model which … This is a time-stepping point model which uses linear finite elements to determine the vertical structure of the horizontal components of velocity and density under specified surface forcing. Both a quadratic closure scheme and the level 2.5 closure scheme of Mellor and Yamada are used in this code.f Mellor and Yamada are used in this code.)
Model:GISKnickFinder + (This is a tool that I created to help find … This is a tool that I created to help find knickpoints based on the curvature of a landscape. It provides information about a stream including, knickpoint locations, Elevation/distance that can be used to create longitudinal profiles, XYvalues of all the cells in a stream path, etc. The tool uses built-in tools for ArcGIS 10.x (so you must run this on a machine with ArcGIS 10.x installed), but it is written in python. I used it with a 1m LiDAR DEM, so I'm not totally sure how well it will pick out knickpoints on coarser gridded DEMs.k out knickpoints on coarser gridded DEMs.)
Model:ThawLake1D + (This model a 1-D numerical model of permafrost and subsidence processes. It aims to investigate the subsurface thermal impact of thaw lakes of various depths, and to evaluate how this impact might change in a warming climate.)
Model:Morphodynamic gravel bed + (This model accounts for the bed evolution … This model accounts for the bed evolution i.e. aggradation/degradation and grain size distribution of surface material in gravel bed rivers under anthropogenic changes such as dam closure and sediment augmentation. This model is developed for an alpine gravel bed river located in SE France (Buech river). river located in SE France (Buech river).)
Model:GravelSandTransition + (This model calculates the long profile of … This model calculates the long profile of a river with a gravel-sand transition. The model uses two grain sizes: size Dg for gravel and size Ds for sand. The river is assumed to be in flood for the fraction of time Ifg for the gravel-bed reach and fraction Ifs for the sand-bed reach. All sediment transport is assumed to take place when the river is in flood.Gravel transport is computed using the Parker (1979) approximation of the Einstein (1950) bedload transport relation. Sand transport is computed using the total bed material transport relation of Engelund and Hansen (1967).In this simple model the gravel is not allowed to abrade. Both the gravel-bed and sand-bed reaches carry the same flood discharge Qbf.Gravel is transported as bed material in, and deposits only in the gravel-bed reach. A small residual of gravel load is incorporated into the sand at the gravel-sand transition. Sand is transported as washload in the gravel-bed reach, and as bed material load in the sand-bed reach.The model allows for depositional widths Bdgrav and Bdsand that are wider than the corresponding bankfull channel widths Bgrav and Bsand of the gravel-bed and sand-bed channels. As the channel aggrades, it is assumed to migrate and avulse to deposit sediment across the entire depositional width. For each unit of gravel deposited in the gravel-bed reach, it is assumed that Lamsg units of sand are deposited. For each unit of sand deposited on the sand-bed reach, it is assumed that Lamms units of mud are deposited.The gravel-bed reach has sinuosity Omegag and the sand-bed reach has sinuosity Omegas.Bed resistance is computed through the use of two specified constant Chezy resistance coefficients; Czg for the gravel-bed reach and Czs for the sand-bed reach.-bed reach and Czs for the sand-bed reach.)
Model:Hyper + (This model can be used for both transport after sediment failure and for hyperpycnal transport.)
Model:Hogback + (This model evolves a hogback through time. … This model evolves a hogback through time. A resistant layer ofrock, which weathers slowly, overlies a softer layer of rock that weathersquickly. Resistant rock produces "blocks" which land on the adjoininghillslope. Boundaries incise at a specified rate. User can set hogbacklayer thickness, block size, and dip, as well as relative weathering andincision rates. Trackable metrics included are time and space-averagedslope, block height, weathering rate, and erosion rate. Parameters that users need to specify are surrounded by many comment signs.ify are surrounded by many comment signs.)
Model:Frost Model + (This model implement the calculation of th … This model implement the calculation of the 'Frost Number', a dimensionless ratio based on freezing and thawing degree days in the year. Specifically, the 'Air Frost Number' intents to predict the existence of permafrost at a given location based on a cosine-function approximating the annual temperature distribution.ating the annual temperature distribution.)
Model:WDUNE + (This model is a GUI implementation of a si … This model is a GUI implementation of a simple cellular automata dune model. The model was originally proposed by Werner (1995, Geology 23) and has seen several extensions. It can simulate basic barchan, transverse, star, and linear dunes. The model is designed to be easy to operate for researchers or students without programming skills. Also included is a tool to operate the model from ArcGIS.s a tool to operate the model from ArcGIS.)
Model:MIDAS + (This model is a nonuniform, quasi-unsteady, movable bed, single channel flow model for heterogeneous size-density mixtures)
Model:GullyErosionProfiler1D + (This model is designed to simulate longitu … This model is designed to simulate longitudinal profiles with headward advancing headcuts. This model simulates gully erosion on the centennial-scale given information such as average rainfall and infiltration rates. The modeler also specifies a headcut erosion rate and or a rule for headcut retreat (either discharge-dependent or height-dependent retreat).ge-dependent or height-dependent retreat).)
Model:RiverMUSE + (This model simulates the interaction betwe … This model simulates the interaction between suspended sediment, chlorophyll-a, and mussel population density. Discharge is the driver; it modulates suspended sediment and its interactions in the system. The model is suitable for simulating mussel densities at-a-site. It was originally developed to test the hypothesis that increased sediment loads in Minnesota Rivers are a plausible cause of observed mussel population declines. The model and results are described in detail in the following paper: https://doi.org/10.1086/684223wing paper: https://doi.org/10.1086/684223)
Model:LumSoilMixer + (This model uses a non-dimensional equation for luminescence in a mixing soil that was derived from the Fokker-Plank Equation.)
Model:KWAVE + (This model uses the Green-Ampt equation to represent infiltration and the kinematic wave equation to represent runoff over a landscape. The effects of rainfall interception can also be included.)
Model:ADI-2D + (This module code is inactive.)