Model:WOFOST

WOFOST

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Also known as
Model type	Single
Model part of larger framework
Note on status model
Date note status model

Incorporated models or components:

Spatial dimensions	1D
Spatial extent	Point-Based, Watershed-Scale
Model domain	Terrestrial
One-line model description	WOFOST (WOrld FOod STudies) is a simulation model for the quantitative analysis of the growth and production of annual field crops.
Extended model description	It is a mechanistic model that explains crop growth on the basis of the underlying processes, such as photosynthesis, respiration and how these processes are influenced by environmental conditions. With WOFOST, you can calculate attainable crop production, biomass, water use, etc. for a location given knowledge about soil type, crop type, weather data and crop management factors (e.g. sowing date). WOFOST has been used by many researchers over the World and has been applied for many crops over a large range of climatic and management conditions. WOFOST is one of the key components of the European MARS crop yield forecasting system. In the Global Yield Gap Atlas (GYGA) WOFOST is used to estimate the untapped crop production potential on existing farmland based on current climate and available soil and water resources.

Keywords:	Crop production, Biomass production, phenology, agromanagement,

Name	Hendrik Boogaard
Type of contact	Project manager
Institute / Organization	Wageningen Environmental Research, Wageningen UR
Postal address 1	PO Box 47
Postal address 2
Town / City	Wageningen
Postal code	6700AA
State
Country	Netherlands
Email address	hendrik.boogaard@wur.nl
Phone	0317-481635
Fax

Name	Allard de Wit
Type of contact	Model developer
Institute / Organization	Wageningen Environmental Research, Wageningen UR
Postal address 1	PO Box 47
Postal address 2
Town / City	Wageningen
Postal code	6700AA
State
Country	Netherlands
Email address	allard.dewit@wur.nl
Phone	0317-481914
Fax

Supported platforms	Unix, Linux, Mac OS, Windows
Other platform
Programming language	Fortran77, Fortran90, Python, Java
Other program language	Wageningen-UR maintains implementations of WOFOST in Fortran, python and java. However, there are currently 14 known implementations of WOFOST in a variety of programming languages.
Code optimized	Single Processor
Multiple processors implemented
Nr of distributed processors
Nr of shared processors
Start year development	1965
Does model development still take place?	Yes
If above answer is no, provide end year model development
Code development status	Active
When did you indicate the 'code development status'?	2020
Model availability	As code
Source code availability (Or provide future intension)	Through web repository
Source web address	https://github.com/ajwdewit/WOFOST https://github.com/ajwdewit/pcse https://www.swap.alterra.nl/
Source csdms web address
Program license type	Other
Program license type other	EUPL/GPL
Memory requirements	Depends on implementation: 20 Mb (Fortran) to 150 Mb (python)
Typical run time	seconds

Describe input parameters	The input data for WOFOST consists of three categories: 1. Daily weather variables (temperature, radiation, precipitation, humidity, windspeed) 2. Parameters for the crop, soil and site 3. Agromanagement information related to the cropping practices: sowing, harvesting, irrigation, nutrient application, etc. How these inputs are provided to the model depends on the implementation.
Input format	ASCII
Other input format	For the python and java implementations, the model itself is independent of the input/output format. Inputs can be read from files, relational databases or web resources while outputs can be written to files (CSV, Excel), databases or cloud storage (S3 buckets). The older Fortran implementations of the model require ASCII input files in the so-called CABO format.
Describe output parameters	WOFOST simulates the growth of a specific crop and its interaction with the soil. Its main output variables consist of crop variables (like total biomass, yield, phenological development and leaf area index) and soil variables like soil water content. More recent versions of WOFOST also include the N/P/K amounts in the crop organs and soil.
Output format	ASCII
Other output format	For the python and java implementations, the model itself is independent of the input/output format. Output can be queried from the model and written to any storage option available. The older Fortran implementation write ASCII output files
Pre-processing software needed?	No
Describe pre-processing software
Post-processing software needed?	No
Describe post-processing software
Visualization software needed?	Yes
If above answer is yes
Other visualization software	The python version is used a lot in combination with Jupyter notebooks to visualize and analyze results.

Describe processes represented by the model	In WOFOST, crop growth is simulated on the basis of eco-physiological processes. The major processes are phenological development, light interception, CO2-assimilation, transpiration, respiration, partitioning of assimilates to the various organs, and dry matter formation. Further, the interaction with the soil is included in relation to soil moisture availability and (in more recent version) also soil N/P/K availability. Potential and water-limited growth is simulated dynamically, with a time step of one day. Nutrient-limited production is calculated either statically based on the QUEFTS approach (on the basis of soil characteristics and the water-limited production output) or dynamically using nutrient demand/supply at daily time steps.
Describe key physical parameters and equations	--
Describe length scale and resolution constraints	--
Describe time scale and resolution constraints	days
Describe any numerical limitations and issues	--

Describe available calibration data sets	--
Upload calibration data sets if available:
Describe available test data sets	Model test data are available through https://github.com/ajwdewit/pcse and described in https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2019.105746
Upload test data sets if available:
Describe ideal data for testing	--

Do you have current or future plans for collaborating with other researchers?

Is there a manual available?	Yes
Upload manual if available:	Media:User manual WOFOST CONTROL CENTRE 2 1 v2.pdf
Model website if any	https://www.wur.nl/en/Research-Results/Research-Institutes/Environmental-Research/Facilities-Products/Software-and-models/WOFOST/Principles-of-WOFOST.htm
Model forum / discussion board	Several documents are available describing WOFOST: - An introductory paper: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agsy.2018.06.018 - A reference manual describing the algorithms behind the model: https://wofost.readthedocs.io/en/latest/ - Description of implementations: * Fortran: https://www.wur.nl/en/show/WOFOST-7.1-User-Manual.htm * python: http://pcse.readthedocs.io/

Comments	All links to documentation of WOFOST are available on the WOFOST page on the WageningenUR web site given above.

This part will be filled out by CSDMS staff

OpenMI compliant	No but possible
BMI compliant	No but possible
WMT component	No but possible
PyMT component
Is this a data component

Can be coupled with:

Model info

Authors

Hendrik Boogaard

de Wit

Source code

[https://github.com/ajwdewit/WOFOST

https://github.com/ajwdewit/pcse https://www.swap.alterra.nl/ Go to external source code site]

Model citations

Nr. of publications:	105
Total citations:	3492
h-index:	24
m-quotient:	0.62

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WOFOST

Introduction

History

References

Nr. of publications:	105
Total citations:	3492
h-index:	24
m-quotient:	0.62

Featured publication(s)	Year	Model described	Type of Reference	Citations
Diepen, C.A.; Wolf, J.; Keulen, H.; Rappoldt, C.; 1989. WOFOST: a simulation model of crop production. Soil Use and Management, 5, 16–24. 10.1111/j.1475-2743.1989.tb00755.x (View/edit entry)	1989	WOFOST	Model overview	673
de Wit, Allard; Boogaard, Hendrik; Fumagalli, Davide; Janssen, Sander; Knapen, Rob; van Kraalingen, Daniel; Supit, Iwan; van der Wijngaart, Raymond; van Diepen, Kees; 2019. 25 years of the WOFOST cropping systems model. Agricultural Systems, 168, 154–167. 10.1016/j.agsy.2018.06.018 (View/edit entry)	2019	WOFOST	Model overview	249
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