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Movie:Flood of Lefthand Creek 2013 + (Simulation of hydrodynamics with ANUGA.)

Movie:A simulation of river bedforms + (Simulation of river bedform by large eddy simulation (LES), and sediment as spherical particles. Related papers are: doi: 10.1002/wrcr.20457 doi: 10.1002/wrcr.20303 doi: 10.1029/2012WR011911)
Movie:Plume deposition + (Standard river plume formation without the effects of coastal processes. The the color scale shows the separation of different grain sizes where larger, heavier particles settle out first, and spread on the sea floor.)
Movie:An Alpine Glacier's Drainage System: Gornergletscher drainage system + (Subglacial discharge simulated for Gornergletscher: arrows depict discharge in the distributed system, blue shows discharge in channels.)
Movie:Cook Inlet, Alaska Tidal Currents + (The Cook Inlet, an estuary adjacent to Nor … The Cook Inlet, an estuary adjacent to Northern Pacific Ocean experiences very large tidal range. Dr. Mark Johnson at University of Alaska-Fairbank (UAF) and Dr. Andrey Proshuntinsky at Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI), applied the Finite-Volume Coastal Ocean Model (FVCOM) to this environment to better understand the dramatic tides present. https://csdms.colorado.edu/wiki/Model:FVCOMttps://csdms.colorado.edu/wiki/Model:FVCOM)
Movie:Sandbed River Evolution + (The HSTAR model is developed to investigat … The HSTAR model is developed to investigate the morphological change in large=-scale river systems. It uses the shallow water equations and nested sediment transport and erosion algorithms to control the changes in the river due to varying water transport. The model has a unique ability to mimick the growth of vegetation on river bars that are not inundated anymore. This simulation runs for 350 years (in modeled time) and you can see the river system evolve. First there are just mid channel bars, then a river with multiple channel treads evolves. This pattern is commonly observed in nature (for example in the Amazon Basin). You can also see bend migration and bar cutt-offs once the river system rreaches a more stable pattern.ver system rreaches a more stable pattern.)
Movie:Sand bed River Bar Migration + (The HSTAR model is developed to investigat … The HSTAR model is developed to investigate the morphological change in large-scale river systems. It uses the shallow water equations and nested sediment transport and erosion algorithms to control the changes in the river due to varying water transport. The model has a unique ability to mimick the growth of vegetation on river bars that are not inundated anymore. This simulation runs for 350 years (in modeled time) and you can see the river system evolve. This simulation is set up for a coarse-grained sediment (grainsize 0.4 mm).In the simulation mid channel bars form and persist. This pattern is commonly observed in nature (perhaps a close example is the Brahmaputra river). You can also see bar migration, compound bar evolution (where bars are merging). New deposition happens in the leeward side of vegetated bars, where flow velocities are lower. These simulations have a feedback between the growth of vegetation and bar accretion- the vegetated bars will experience slower flow rates and thus more sediment can settle on top of them.s more sediment can settle on top of them.)
Movie:Rio Puerco Flood 2006 Simulation + (The Rio Puerco is a major tributary to the … The Rio Puerco is a major tributary to the Rio Grande in New Mexico, USA. It is presently an incised arroyo system, with ephemeral flow. Significant river flow only occurs when large rain storms hit the drainage basin, in other times of the year it is a dry river bed with stagnant pools. The incised river valley has extensive coverage of Tamarisk Trees, an invasive species. In 2003 a section of the river system was sprayed with herbicides and vegetation died off. These simulations investigate the effect of varying vegetation coverage in the river system.In August 2006, a large rain event occurred and a peak flow was observed at the river observation stations. The simulations show how the river water depth for those flood conditions vary at 0% vegetation, at 10% and at 20% vegetation coverage. You can see the channel system incised and with a single thread channel that meanders and then water spilling into chute channels and adjacent floodplain basins.e channels and adjacent floodplain basins.)
Movie:Rio Puerco 2006 Sedimentation Simulation + (The Rio Puerco is a major tributary to the … The Rio Puerco is a major tributary to the Rio Grande in New Mexico, USA. It is presently an incised arroyo system, with ephemeral flow. Significant river flow only occurs when large rain storms hit the drainage basin, in other times of the year it is a dry river bed with stagnant pools. The incised river valley has extensive coverage of Tamarisk Trees, an invasive species. In 2003 a section of the river system was sprayed with herbicides and vegetation died off. These simulations investigate the effect of varying vegetation coverage in the river system.In August 2006, a large rain event occurred and a peak flow was observed at the river observation stations. The simulations show how the sedimentation for those flood conditions vary at 0% vegetation, at 10% and at 20% vegetation coverage. You can see the channel system eroded deeply (red) in the barren river system and how both the sedimentation (in blue) and erosion (in red) is much reduced in the more vegetated floodplain. reduced in the more vegetated floodplain.)
Movie:Rio Puerco Flood 2013 + (The Rio Puerco is a tributary to the Rio G … The Rio Puerco is a tributary to the Rio Grande in New Mexico. It is a an 'ephemeral' river, meaning that it only runs water once there are larger rainstorms in its watershed, in dry times the riverbed is dry or has only small stagnant ponds of water. The small river is incised into its old floodplain and forms a small arroyo system.The river has been monitored already for a really long time, there has been a gauging station at teh location of the movie (at the Santa Fe railroad crossing) since 1913. This movie shows the incised river system. You can see from the photo what the river looks like in dry conditions (April 2014). The movie shows the floodwater in the incised arroyo, the 8m-12m tall Tamarix trees barely stick out of the water. On September 15, 2015, the water even overtopped the valley and gushed into the nearby farm field, and water overflowed the highway. As you can see, the floodwater is extremely muddy. This small river was a major sediment source into the Rio Grande in the early 20th century. It impacted the downstream reservoir at Elephant Butte. Tamarix, an invasive tree species, was introduced in the 1930's to reduce the sediment load of this river.to reduce the sediment load of this river.)
Movie:Rio Puerco Flood over HW66 in 2013 + (The Rio Puerco is a tributary to the Rio G … The Rio Puerco is a tributary to the Rio Grande in New Mexico. It is a an 'ephemeral' river, meaning that it only runs water once there are larger rainstorms in its watershed, in dry times the riverbed is dry or has only small stagnant ponds of water. The small river is incised into its old floodplain and forms a small arroyo system. The river has been monitored already for a really long time, there has been a gauging station near the location of the movie (at the Santa Fe railroad crossing) since 1913. The flood of 2013 was exceptionally high. This movie shows the water running in the nearby old floodplain. You can see from the photo what this location looks like in dry conditions (April 2014). On September 15, 2015, the water overtopped the incised riverbed and gushed into the nearby farm field, and water overflowed the highway.The river water once it is in the floodplain and not in its main channel experiences more friction and flow is not as fast anymore. Still, the water has enough carrying capacity to transport fine sediment.rying capacity to transport fine sediment.)
Movie:Modelling subglacial drainage coupled to ice flow in Greenland + (The animation shows the modeled evolution … The animation shows the modeled evolution of the subglacial drainage system and associated ice sliding speed for a catchment south of Jakobshavn Isbræ (Greenland) in 2011. The left panel shows contours of the hydraulic potential and the network of channels; the right panel shows the sliding speed and channels; and the bottom panel shows the meltwater forcing. bottom panel shows the meltwater forcing.)
Movie:Complex Flow at Channel Confluence + (The movie shows a small river confluence i … The movie shows a small river confluence in Illinois. The figure shows the bathymetry and dimensions, it is a small system (~8 m wide, 0.65m deep). It is an asymmetrical confluence with concordant bed, the velocity and momentum (rQU) ratios are ~1.0. In that case, the mixing layer development is driven by difference in directions of the streams. Other simulation conditions are: - Re~166,000 (D=0.4m U=0.44 m/s), Fr=0.24 - Maximum scour depth 2.92DIn the movie, obvious eddies develop at the mixing interface, they propagate downstream, complete mixing is not reached in the simulated stretch.g is not reached in the simulated stretch.)
Movie:River Engineering + (These two movies show flow field around tw … These two movies show flow field around two common structures in rivers.Groynes are one of the most effective approaches to stabilize eroding banks and to sustain navigable channels at proper depth. They are utilized in river bank protection as well as restoration projects (e.g., restore fish habitat in degraded streams). This movie shows the case of accidental pollution, a series of groynes can substantially modify the dispersion of the pollutant cloud in the river reach.Bridge Pillars that support the structure change the flow field and promote local differences in sedimentation and erosion. This movie illustrates the shear stress around a bridge pier.tes the shear stress around a bridge pier.)
Movie:River Engineering2 + (These two movies show flow field around tw … These two movies show flow field around two common structures in rivers.Groynes are one of the most effective approaches to stabilize eroding banks and to sustain navigable channels at proper depth. They are utilized in river bank protection as well as restoration projects (e.g., restore fish habitat in degraded streams). This movie shows the case of accidental pollution, a series of groynes can substantially modify the dispersion of the pollutant cloud in the river reach.Bridge Pillars that support the structure change the flow field and promote local differences in sedimentation and erosion. This movie illustrates the shear stress around a bridge pier.tes the shear stress around a bridge pier.)
Movie:Globe Wave Power + (This animation follows global wave power as a function of waves for the months of January and February of the year 2000.)
Movie:Rhine River Flood of 1805 + (This animation is based on a historical fl … This animation is based on a historical flood in the Netherlands and shows the flood in the land between the Maas and Waal Rivers. As is apparent in the line graph at the bottom of the page the majority of the water came from a dike breach on the Waal River. Land elevation is shown in brown and water depth is shown in blue.in brown and water depth is shown in blue.)
Movie:WaveDelta + (This animation is set up to mimick the evo … This animation is set up to mimick the evolution of a single channel delta forming into a marine basin with high wave climate. The incoming river sediment load goes very rapidly up over time (this is set up so as to simulate a change in climate, i.e. precipitation in the basin goes up). The parameter settings are not thought to be realistic necessarily, we are looking at an extreme case of change. Wave climate is defined as to have an incoming wave height of 1m, period of 6 s, asymmetry of incoming wave angles 0.4 (so a little weighted to the left), and a highness factor of 0.7 (higher proportion of unstable, >45 degrees, waves).The Ebro delta is a very intriguing delta which, during recent centuries, has been controlled by both natural and man-induced factors. Deforestation of the Ebro drainage basin, by man, resulted in a fast progradation of the deltaic system until this century. Many dams were constructed along the river Ebro resulting in a drastically reduced river sediment discharge, with erosive processes now dominant in the shaping of the Ebro delta coastal area. In reality, the formation of the Ebro delta took place over 100-1000's of years.ro delta took place over 100-1000's of years.)
Movie:Wax Lake Sedimentation for a Cold Front + (This animation shows results of a Delft3D … This animation shows results of a Delft3D simulation to study the effects of the passage of a strong cold front on the Wax Lake delta in Atchafalaya Bay, Louisiana (USA). The model domain is 25 by 30km. The movie shows cumulative erosion and deposition due to passage of a number of cold fronts in 2008. Cold fronts pass every 4-5 days during the winter. Many of the simulations for the Wax Lake in the repository are done for hurricanes, but these particular experiments explore the effects of a cold front. They may be smaller magnitude events, but they happen many times per winter season.It is clear that erosion and sedimentation in the Wax lake delta is in the order of centimeters per event. This November-December 2008 cold fronts cause about 5 cm of deposition at the fronts of the outermost mouthbars. There is also accumulation near bifurcations, where the flow presumably slows down. At the same time, certain local areas experience erosion due to the cold fronts (the blue spots).n due to the cold fronts (the blue spots).)
Movie:Water level in Wax lake delta due to winter storms + (This animation shows results of a Delft3D … This animation shows results of a Delft3D simulation to study the effects of the passage of a strong cold front on the Wax Lake delta in Atchafalaya Bay, Louisiana (USA). The model domain is 25 by 30km. The movie shows water level change due to passage of a strong cold front in December 2008. Cold fronts pass every 5-7 days during the winter. Many of the simulations for the Wax Lake in the repository are done for hurricanes, but these particular experiments explore the effects of a cold front. They may be smaller magnitude events, but they happen many times per winter season.It is clear that water level changes dramatically in the Wax lake delta associated with a winter storm event. On December 9th 2008 the winter storm pushed the water onshore, causing a water level of about 1.5 m, around 3 times higher than average conditions and the entire delta became submerged.ons and the entire delta became submerged.)
Movie:Wax Lake Salinity during strong coldfront + (This animation shows results of a Delft3D … This animation shows results of a Delft3D simulation to study the effects of the pasage of a strong cold front on the Wax Lake delta in Atchafalaya Bay, Louisiana (USA). The model domain is 25 by 30km. The movie shows salinity before, during and after the strongest cold front of 2008. Cold fronts pass every 4-5 days during the winter. Many of the simulations for the Wax Lake in the repository are done for hurricanes, but these particular experiments explore the effects of a cold front. They may be smaller magnitude events, but they happen many times per winter season.Water in the Wax lake delta is relatively fresh, during the entire period there is continuous river discharge being fed into the delta system. The river discharge is more important during low tide and brackish water progrades into the delta during high tides under normal conditions. This is the pulsing of the system you can see in the beginning of the simulation. This December 2008 cold front brings more saline water close to the delta (the red color). It is clear that only the outermost bars of the delta front do get affected much by the higher salinity water. It is unlikely that these short events have a major effect on the wetland vegetation, whereas the simulation of hurricane Ike (also in the repository)killed much of the freshwater/brackish water tolerant species.reshwater/brackish water tolerant species.)
Movie:Monthly global temperature + (This animation shows the global temperatur … This animation shows the global temperature fluctuation through one calendar year. Temperature is measured in degrees Celsius and is visualized using a color scale where colder temperatures are represented by colder colors (blues and greens) and warmer temperatures are represented by warmer colors (yellows and reds). Temperatures were aggregated and averaged by month and geographic location. The global shift in temperature is due to the change in seasons caused by the tilt in the earth’s rotational axis. As the northern and southern hemispheres become closer to the sun (their respective summers) the monthly mean temperature increases.s) the monthly mean temperature increases.)
Movie:Allier River Meander + (This animation shows the river meander development on the Allier River near Chateau de Lys, France. This recreation was made from aerial photographs and maps from the years 1946, 1960, 1980, 1982, 1992, 1995 and 1997.)
Movie:Laurentide Ice Sheet + (This animations integrates the state of the art knowledge about the retreat of the Laurentide Ice Sheet since the Last Glacial Maximum.)
Movie:Arctic Coastal Erosion Discussion + (This clip is an interview with Prof. Bob A … This clip is an interview with Prof. Bob Anderson, University of Colorado, it was posted in the Daily Camera, the Boulder newspaper.Prof Anderson talks about a study on the northern coastline of Alaska midway between Point Barrow and Prudhoe Bay where the coast is eroding by 15m annually because of declining sea ice, warming seawater and increased wave activity.A warmer Arctic with a longer sea-ice free season have led to the steady retreat of 15m average and 25m maximum a year of the 4m high bluffs --frozen blocks of silt and peat containing 50 to 80 percent ice --. These blocks then topple into the Beaufort Sea during the summer months by a combination of large waves pounding the shoreline and warm seawater melting the base of thebluffs.m seawater melting the base of the bluffs.)
Movie:Tsunami Japan + (This clip shows a tsunami front, loaded wi … This clip shows a tsunami front, loaded with debris, prograding fastly over agricultural fields and the nearby city of Sendai. It is estimated that the tsunami was about 10 m high when it hit the shoreline, and it traveled upto 10 km inland.This tsunami was generated by a 8.9 magnitude earthquake in the Pacific Ocean on March 11th, 2011. The epicenter of the earthquake was 130km offshore of Sendai.e earthquake was 130km offshore of Sendai.)
Movie:3D Delta Formation + (This is a 3D model of delta growth. The i … This is a 3D model of delta growth. The initial sequence shows the growth of the delta as sediment is deposited seaward. The following sequences show cross sectional views of the formed delta. The color scale represents deposited sediment grain size where blue colors are larger grain sizes and reds are smaller grain sizes.in sizes and reds are smaller grain sizes.)
Movie:NileDeltaLobes + (This is a coupled run of the HydroTrend Ri … This is a coupled run of the HydroTrend River flux model and the Coastline Evolution model CEM. The run is not intended to simulate realistic conditions, but it is thought to be a proxy for the Nile delta. The simulation has two river draining to the coast; one has a wave field comming straight at it, the other wave field comes in under an angle. This results in different development; somewhat similar to the Rosetta and Damietta lobes of the Nile delta in Egypt. For the Nile delta, the first run, kept all parameters constant as discussed above while changing only parameters found in the Wave and Avulsion component. The wave height was set to 1m, period of 6s, asymmetry of 0.4, and highness of 0.7. The avulsion component was set to have two rivers with no deviation, and was restricted to -60 and 70. This appeared somewhat similar to the real Nile with the major difference the angle of the rivers. major difference the angle of the rivers.)
Movie:Global circulation + (This is a high definition animation of glo … This is a high definition animation of global air circulation created by the Community Climate System Model (CCSM) and the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR). It spans one calendar year and is comprised of hourly data. Cloud cover is generally shown in white with areas of precipitation shown in orange. There are many seasonal weather phenomenon visible in different regions of the globe at various times. They include monsoon seasons as well as the paths of winter storms in the northern hemisphere.In the winter months for the northern hemisphere the storm track can be clearly seen as clouds carrying lots of moisture come south from Alaska and hit the Pacific Northwest. At the same time, in the southern hemisphere afternoon rain storms can be seen over much of South America and southern Africa.As the seasons shift, the northward movement of the Inter-tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) can be seen, bringing with it the monsoon season to India and much of the east. At the same time the US hurricane season begins. These more local events can be seen forming in the Atlantic Ocean and getting pushed towards the East Coast of the US, occasionally making land fall and bringing rain.onally making land fall and bringing rain.)
Movie:Rio Puerco Flood damage in San Francisco + (This is a local news clip from Koat News, … This is a local news clip from Koat News, Alberquerque, New Mexico. It documents the damage that the small town of San Francisco sustained due to the flooding of the Rio Puerco in September 2013. The Rio Puerco is a tributary to the Rio Grande in New Mexico. It is a dryland river and has streamflow only when there is major rain fall in its drainage area. In September 2013 an exceptionally high water occured, and the Rio Puerco overtopped its arroyo system and broke a levee. The water ran into farm fields and damaged homes and local roads. One resident shows the water level rose over 2ft in his house.he water level rose over 2ft in his house.)
Movie:LOICZ Mission + (This is a mission statement of LOICZ, land-ocean interactions in the coastal zone. LOICZ is an international organization working on policy making for the coastal zone worldwide.)
Movie:CHILD Sedflux coupling experiment + (This is a model coupling experiment where a simple block of uplifted sediments eroded by Child are pass off to SedFlux within the CMT environment.)
Movie:Pushing Sea Ice + (This is a movie of sea ice pushing up the … This is a movie of sea ice pushing up the small drillling island Oooguruk on June 23rd, 2009. Oooguruk is man-made, it is located just offshore the Colville delta along the Beaufort Sea of Alaska. The island was constructed as a base for a drill platform in 2006, it sits in ~4-5 ft of water depth. Its sides are at least 4,5m above sea level and even up to 9m.The process is called ice encroachment; both due to 'ride-up' and 'pile-up'.The ice blocks are over 4-5m, the gravel bags armouring the island can be seen, those are larger than 2 m. The ice pushes itself higher up against the side of the island. The ice push results likely from far-field movement. Nearshore sea ice in this region stayed well into July 2009, but movement of the ice already starts much earlier.nt of the ice already starts much earlier.)
Movie:Driftwood Simulation + (This is a simulation of driftwood in flow, … This is a simulation of driftwood in flow, and investigates how the 3-D velocity field is impacted by the objects traveling in it (and bumping into each other). The colors represent the different vector components of the 3D flow field and show how complex the flow field becomes with large trees traveling at the surface. The animation was made with the 1RICNaysCUBE 3D solver. was made with the 1RICNaysCUBE 3D solver.)
Movie:Landslide Swiss Alps + (This landslide occurred directly above Pr … This landslide occurred directly above Preonzo in the Swiss Alps. Scientists had classified this slope as unstable, already for some time. One indicator of the instability were large tension cracks on the top of the slope. Active monitoring of the slide was ongoing, and the radar techniques had indicated the movement had accelerated shortly befor ethe event happened. Thus, fortunately, the landslide runoff zone had been cordoned off and there were no casualties.The video actually shows the secondary movement of debris along the slope, not the failure of the rock-headwall that initiated the slide. Note that the slope is densely vegetated, the trees did not prevent this failure from happening. The last imagery shows a helicopter view of the massive haedwall scar.icopter view of the massive haedwall scar.)
Movie:Longshore Sediment Deposition + (This model shows a profile view of fluvial sediment supply from river(s) over a 2000 year period. There is no alongshore or offshore transport in this model. The color scale represents grain size and is shown at the bottom of the animation.)
Movie:Coastal Sediment Reworking + (This model shows a profile view of sediment transport and reworking due to the effects of plume and wave action The color scale represents grain size and is shown at the bottom of the animation.)
Movie:Stratigraphy under Plume and Wave Reworking2 + (This model shows a profile view of sediment transport and reworking due to the effects of plume and wave reworking. The color scale represents grain size and is shown at the bottom of the animation.)
Movie:DebrisFlowChile + (This movie features a debris flow originat … This movie features a debris flow originating from the steep valley walls of the Cajon del Maipo, in the Chilean Andes. The highest peaks surrounding this area are over 6000m, the slopes where the flow originated are upto ~3000m. The local slopes are steep, loose and sparsely vegetated. This is a tectonically active area and faults and folds are abundant. There is a lot of talus and loose debris sediment available, due to the young age of the Andes Mountain Range. The movie first shows an overview of the debris flow source slope.The biggest flow occurred early during the event. It shows boulders moving in a viscous mudflow. It appears the boulders are lifted of the bed. The estimated velocity of the flow was 2 m/s. The large flow built small levees and Small side channels transport few cm-thick flow of viscous mud following existing topographic depressions. Eventually the flow reaches the main river channel running through the Cajon de Maipo.hannel running through the Cajon de Maipo.)
Movie:TidalBoreAK + (This movie features the tidal bore in the Turnagain Arm of Cook Inlet, near Anchorage, Alaska. This tidal bore can be up to 2 metres and travels at 20 km per hour. The bore in the movie smaller than 2m (pers. comm. L'Archeveque).)
Movie:TidalBoreChina + (This movie features the tidal bore in the … This movie features the tidal bore in the Qiantang River in China. This tidal bore is the largest in the world can be over 6 metres and travels at 40 km per hour. The bore in the movie is exceptionally high, perhaps due to ocean swells. People gather every year to watch this spectacle. Although a few spectators did get washed of their feet, nobody was killed (as reported on the website of the USC tsunami research group).The movie usually makes people think this is a 'tsunami', but it is not associated with any earthquakes it is an actual 'tidal wave', but it is not a 'tsunami'!l 'tidal wave', but it is not a 'tsunami'!)
Movie:Fetch in Arctic Ocean + (This movie loops through sea ice concentra … This movie loops through sea ice concentration in the Chukchi and Beaufort Sea. Sea ice concentration (SSC) is measured by satellites on a daily basis. SSC has been measured from 1979 onwards, and thus provides us with a relatively long time-series to assess changes in the Arctic climate. The animation loops through the year 2007, which was a relatively warm year with a low sea ice minimum. The presence of sea ice impacts the time that waves and storm surge can affect the coast. Another parameter that affects waves and storm surge is the fetch-the distance that wind blows over open water. Here we show how we calculate each day the distance to the sea ice edge over all relevant directions (the grey lines). Then we pick the direction that the average wind direction measured at the Barrow airfield for that day and determine the fetch length (the red line).determine the fetch length (the red line).)
Movie:FlashFloodUT + (This movie records a typical desert flash … This movie records a typical desert flash flood event associated with an upstream rain storm. This area near the Book Cliffs has many of these channels, also called washes, that are active only during flashfloods. There were clouds and lightening approximately 10 km's farther up the canyon, but it was sunny and clear near the canyon mouth.The movie shows an initial load of coarser material and woody fragments. The channel is approximately 4m wide. Levees are built of woody debris as flood first passes by (best seen c. 19 sec). At least cobble sized rocks were being carried by the flow. At 34 seconds, you see standing waves formed in the flow. Flow depth was only 10 cm.Note hydraulic jumps seen at 40 sec and 42 seconds as flow cuts across road way.As flood subsided, we could see deposition of imbricated clasts (pers. comm Doug Jerolmack).icated clasts (pers. comm Doug Jerolmack).)
Movie:Numerical Simulation of Southern Alps New Zealand Drainage Evolution + (This movie shows a 11 million year simulat … This movie shows a 11 million year simulation of the landscape evolution model DAC (Divide And Capture). It illustrates how drainage networks respond to tectonic deformation. This specific simulation has a velocity field with fault parallel horizontal movement combined with a perpendicular component and has an order of magnitude more precipitation on the western side than on the eastern side of the model domain. The movie shows the evolution of a rectangular domain representing the Southern Alps of New Zealand at the Australian and Pacific plate boundary and the river basins that drain the Alps as motion along the Alpine Fault expands the domain. The color code indicates elevation with red colors for higher elevation. The Alpine Fault that bounds the Southern Alps on the northwest is located at the top of the domain, and the opposing mountain front is at the bottom of the domain. The initial configuration is of a small symmetrical mountain range next to the junction of the Alpine and Hope Faults and is drained by a well-developed drainage systemtransverse to the main divide. You can see that with the southwestward (left in the movie) expansion of the orogen, the main water divide migrates toward the Alpine Fault, the eastern basins rotate, and the western basins are constantly rearranging by area capture.re constantly rearranging by area capture.)
Movie:River incision dominated by fault block + (This movie shows a simulation of a pair of … This movie shows a simulation of a pair of normal-fault blocks separated by a vertical fault. The lower left edge is fixed through time, and represents a shallow shelf just below sea level. The inner block of the landscape rises at a steady rate, while the outer block subsides. Initially, the relief and erosion rate are small, and the subsiding basin is underfilled. Notice the progradation of a fan-delta complex. As relief and sediment flux increase, the fan deltas reach the shallow shelf and the basin becomes filled (or "over-filled" , meaning that there is more than enough sediment to keep filling the basin as it continues to subside).ing the basin as it continues to subside).)
Movie:Braided Stream Morphology + (This movie shows a small part of experimen … This movie shows a small part of experiment XES 99-1 on braided streams. The basin in this experiment is 3 meters wide and 6 meters long. Sediment and water enter the basin from four input sites at the top of the basin. The auto cyclic events present in the movie are labeled. They include avulsion, lateral sweeping, channel expansion events, bar migration and nickpoint retreat.ents, bar migration and nickpoint retreat.)
Movie:Delta lab experiment + (This movie shows an experimental delta bui … This movie shows an experimental delta built into standing water (constant depth of 3 cm). All external controls are constant (sediment flux, water discharge, base level changes). Fluvial system alternates between sediment release (channelization) and sediment storage (sheet flow).zation) and sediment storage (sheet flow).)
Movie:Wave heights during hurricane Katrina 2005 + (This movie shows calculations of the NOAA … This movie shows calculations of the NOAA wave forecasting model, called WAVEWATCH III®, over the Atlantic Ocean and focuses on the time period that Hurricane Katrina occurred. Hurricane Katrina formed near the Bahamas on August 23rd, 2005. It made landfall in Florida on Monday August 27th and then regained energy tracking though the Gulf of Mexico. Finally it hit the southeast Louisiana coast on Monday August 29th, 2005. The model predicted significant waves height to be 15.4m (50.5ft) high. Indeed, waves in the eye of the hurricane were observed to be extremely high, upto 16.9m. Two buoys in the Gulf of Mexico were close to the pathway of Hurricane Katrina; one buoy capsized and last recorded waves of 10.5m, the other buoy recorded the waves throughout the passing of the storm and found significant wave heights to be 16.9m. Statistically this means that the highest waves could have been as high as 32.1 m (WMO, 1991).The National Hurricane Center and the National Weather Service predicted the hurricane track with sufficient leadtime. This prompted the Louisiana State Government, and US President Bush to declare the state of emergency beforehand. A mandatory evacuation of New Orleans was given to 1.2 million people (there was no precedent for such an out migration of an urban area in US history).Still, Hurricane Katrina was one of the deadliest hurricanes in US history; 1833 people were killed. The city of New Orleans was hit hardest, because the storm surge associated with the hurricane breached the levees that protect large parts of the city from flooding. There were 53 levee breaches, and after the worst rain and wind had passed, 80% of the city and surrounding areas remained flooded.Notable Features• Hurricane Katrina forms over the Bahamas on August 23rd, hits Florida on August 25th. • While Hurricane Katrina travels over the Gulf of Mexico you can see it gains strength from a hurricane category 3 to a category 5.• It made its third landfall near the Louisiana–Mississippi border still at Category 3 intensity, this is close to the city of New Orleans. • Storm surge was 8-9m, and caused a civil engineering disaster. Levees and floodwalls collapse at many critical locations and 80% of New Orleans was flooded.ations and 80% of New Orleans was flooded.)
Movie:US dams + (This movie shows the creation of dams thro … This movie shows the creation of dams throughout the continental US through time. It is a geographic information systems (GIS) based map where each dam is shown in its geographic location and appears on the map in the year of its construction. The progression of settlers west and the subsequent need for water for irrigation can be seen, as can the sudden increase in dam creation as part of The New Deal economic stimulus program for hydroelectric power and flood control needs.droelectric power and flood control needs.)
Movie:Glacier Surge + (This movie shows the snout of Variegated G … This movie shows the snout of Variegated Glacier in Alaska. This glacier is about 20 km length and ends in Russell Fjord, a tributary fjord to Yakutat Bay. The Variegated glacier surged over about 2 yrs, in 1982-1983. The glacier is know to surge every 16-26 years!Normal speeds are about 0.1-1 m/day. During this surge this speeded up to ~50m/day.The movie shows a period of relative quiescence, and then a rapid speed up towards the end of the time lapse. The thickening can be observed to; a total of 110 m of thichening resulted from the surge.0 m of thichening resulted from the surge.)
Movie:PlanviewHydrograph + (This movie shows the space-time distributi … This movie shows the space-time distribution of discharge in a small basin in Kentucky in response to a short, spatially-uniform rainfall event. it is like seeing a hydrograph, but now visualized over the topography of a small catchment. Immediately after the rainfall event there is generally even distribution of water spatially. As the time scale progresses rainfall is concentrated in larger and larger drainages (shown in light blue and red) where it continues to flow. Towards the end of the animation the flow begins to decrease again.imation the flow begins to decrease again.)
Movie:Sand Boil behind Levee + (This show the bubbling of sand near a leve … This show the bubbling of sand near a levee in the lowlying farmlands, the sand seepage results from the pressure gradient that is caused by high river stage in flood conditions. This example is near Bennington Levee, Indiana, where the White River was at flood stage in March 2011. The sand boil was an indicator of the underminng of the levee and a 25 ft breach did happen during this same flood. breach did happen during this same flood.)
Movie:Low Gradient Delta Evolution + (This simulation shows a longitudinal cross-section of a low gradient delta system migrating over its shelf while sea level fluctuates. It mimics the Volga delta building out in the Caspian Sea over the last 10,000 yrs.)
Movie:The Development of An Experimental Meandering River + (This video shows the elevation of a river … This video shows the elevation of a river bed and surrounding surface, when as meandering 'river' migrates in a flume. Done at the Eurotank at at Utrecht University. The meander was created by moving the water inlet to the tank.The tank used is 6 meters wide and 11 meters long.The full experiment is described in Van Dijk et al., 2012.http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2011JF002314/abstractiley.com/doi/10.1029/2011JF002314/abstract)
Movie:Soil-Landscape Evolution + (Three 80 kyr simulations of soil depth in … Three 80 kyr simulations of soil depth in a semi-arid field site in southern Israel using the mARM4D soil-landscape evolution model (Cohen et al., 2009, 2010). The synchronized animations compare the effect of different sediment transport mechanisms on the soil-landscape evolution. The top-left animation is when only fluvial sediment transport is simulated;The top-right animation is when only diffusive sediment transport is simulated; andThe bottom-right is a combination of diffusive and fluvial sediment transport mechanisms.and fluvial sediment transport mechanisms.)
Movie:ArcticErosion + (Time-lapse series of coastal bluff erosion … Time-lapse series of coastal bluff erosion along the Arctic Coast at Drew Point, Beaufort Sea, Alaska. Coastal erosion rates exceeding 20 meters per year are being observed along the Arctic Coast, and they are especially high along Alaska’s Beaufort Sea coastline. Comparison of aerial photos and LANDSAT imagery suggest accelerating erosion rates over the last 50 years. Arctic sea ice coverage has been declining dramatically over the last few decades and record September minima were observed in 2007. These observations suggest a causal relationship between sea ice decline and coastal change. The timelapse movies presented here show that the relative roles of thermal and wave energy may be significant. The bluffs consist of silt and have high ice-content. The thawing of the ice-rich bluffs by relatively warm seawater undermines coastal bluffs, leading to topple failures of discrete blocks defined by ice-wedge polygons. The fine-grained nature of these materials does not function as a protective barrier for incoming waves, so there is not a strong negative feedback on erosion rates, so that coastal erosion rates in this setting are likely to increase with continued Arctic warming.to increase with continued Arctic warming.)
Movie:ArcticErosion2009 + (Time-lapse series of coastal bluff erosion … Time-lapse series of coastal bluff erosion along the Arctic Coast at Drew Point, Beaufort Sea, Alaska.Coastal erosion rates exceeding 20 meters per year are being observed along the Arctic Coast, and they are especially high along Alaska’s Beaufort Sea coastline. Comparison of aerial photos and LANDSAT imagery suggest accelerating erosion rates over the last 50 years. Arctic sea ice coverage has been declining dramatically over the last few decades and record September minima were observed in 2007. These observations suggest a causal relationship between sea ice decline and coastal change. The timelapse movies presented here show that the relative roles of thermal and wave energy may be significant. The bluffs consist of silt and have high ice-content. The thawing of the ice-rich bluffs by relatively warm seawater undermines coastal bluffs, leading to topple failures of discrete blocks defined by ice-wedge polygons. The fine-grained nature of these materials does not function as a protective barrier for incoming waves, so there is not a strong negative feedback on erosion rates, so that coastal erosion rates in this setting are likely to increase with continued Arctic warming.This movie was captured during the summer of 2009 looks from the sea towards the 4-5m high bluffs. A USGS research team rigged a camera on top of a pipe wedged into the seafloor about 5 to 6 meters offshore. The camera was set to photograph the coast several times every day between July 13th and August 22nd.The movie shows the sea forming a hollow niche at the base of the bluff. Then a large chunk of the bluff fell into the sea and was washed away within 5 days, the water continued to hollow out the niche and more chunks of land toppled off the bluff.more chunks of land toppled off the bluff.)
Movie:WAVEWATCH III model run Dec 2008 to Feb 2009 + (WAVEWATCH III^TM is a 2D model that evolve … WAVEWATCH III^TM is a 2D model that evolves various atmospheric and oceanic factors creating and propagating multi spectrum wind waves through a given region. Wind waves are evolved based on the influence of surface wind, currents, water level changes, ice concentrations, air-sea surface temperature gradients and wave interactions with the sea bottom.WAVEWATCH III^TM has been shown to be a highly accurate global wave model and has been validated globally using data from buoys and ERSI altimeter data. The error range is typically within 15% of the local mean observed height based on the altimeter and buoy data. WAVEWATCH III^TM has been shown to be particularly accurate in the tropics and in the forecast of extreme wave heights. It has been shown to have slightly poorer accuracy in selected high-latitude regions.This animation was generated by the model WAVEWATCH III^TM and spans three calendar months. The model evolves the generation of wind waves due to the effects of surface winds. As the wind waves move out from the influence of the storm they propagate through the ocean as swell, or gravity driven waves. The model also evolves the effects of bottom interactions (including shoaling and refraction) as well as currents, water level changes and ice concentrations.The color scale of the movies represents wave height as generated by wind activity. Areas that have high wind concentrations (storms) can be seen as they generate large swell that then propagate across oceans (shown in warmer colors). It is possible to follow the swell generated by a given storm as it propagates across the ocean and the interaction that it has with various obstructions such as islands and continents. Seasonal differences are also readily apparent in the varying size and location of the major swell generating storm events. As the seasons change, the areas where the major swell generating storms are generated change, moving north and south, following the local winter. This is represented in these movies by areas of large swell. It is also possible to see more local events such as tropical and extratropical cyclones and the effects that major currents such as the Gulf Stream have on their trajectory.Highlighted below are some notable storm events distinguishable by their swell patters.An increase in wave height is visible due to the effects of Tropical Cyclone Eric northeast of Madagascar on January 18th and due to Tropical Cyclone Fanele on January 20th also near Madagascar, off the coast of southeast Africa.The large swell generated by a series of extratropical cyclones that caused damage across the British Isles and France and Spain is visible between January 17th and January 24th.ble between January 17th and January 24th.)
Movie:WAVEWATCH III model run Mar 2008 to May 2008 + (WAVEWATCH III^TM is a 2D model that evolve … WAVEWATCH III^TM is a 2D model that evolves various atmospheric and oceanic factors creating and propagating multi spectrum wind waves through a given region. Wind waves are evolved based on the influence of surface wind, currents, water level changes, ice concentrations, air-sea surface temperature gradients and wave interactions with the sea bottom.WAVEWATCH III^TM has been shown to be a highly accurate global wave model and has been validated globally using data from buoys and ERSI altimeter data. The error range is typically within 15% of the local mean observed height based on the altimeter and buoy data. WAVEWATCH III^TM has been shown to be particularly accurate in the tropics and in the forecast of extreme wave heights. It has been shown to have slightly poorer accuracy in selected high-latitude regions.This animation was generated by the model WAVEWATCH III^TM and spans three calendar months. The model evolves the generation of wind waves due to the effects of surface winds. As the wind waves move out from the influence of the storm they propagate through the ocean as swell, or gravity driven waves. The model also evolves the effects of bottom interactions (including shoaling and refraction) as well as currents, water level changes and ice concentrations.The color scale of the movies represents wave height as generated by wind activity. Areas that have high wind concentrations (storms) can be seen as they generate large swell that then propagate across oceans (shown in warmer colors). It is possible to follow the swell generated by a given storm as it propagates across the ocean and the interaction that it has with various obstructions such as islands and continents. Seasonal differences are also readily apparent in the varying size and location of the major swell generating storm events. As the seasons change, the areas where the major swell generating storms are generated change, moving north and south, following the local winter. This is represented in these movies by areas of large swell. It is also possible to see more local events such as tropical and extratropical cyclones and the effects that major currents such as the Gulf Stream have on their trajectory.Highlighted below are some notable storm events distinguishable by their swell patters.The swell generated from the largest tropical cyclone to strike China since 1949, typhoon Neoguri, can be seen on April 18th.On May 3rd the increase in swell due to Cyclone Nargis is visible as it makes landfall in Yangon, Myanmar.e as it makes landfall in Yangon, Myanmar.)
Movie:WAVEWATCH III model run Sep 2008 to Nov 2008 + (WAVEWATCH III^TM is a 2D model that evolve … WAVEWATCH III^TM is a 2D model that evolves various atmospheric and oceanic factors creating and propagating multi spectrum wind waves through a given region. Wind waves are evolved based on the influence of surface wind, currents, water level changes, ice concentrations, air-sea surface temperature gradients and wave interactions with the sea bottom.WAVEWATCH III^TM has been shown to be a highly accurate global wave model and has been validated globally using data from buoys and ERSI altimeter data. The error range is typically within 15% of the local mean observed height based on the altimeter and buoy data. WAVEWATCH III^TM has been shown to be particularly accurate in the tropics and in the forecast of extreme wave heights. It has been shown to have slightly poorer accuracy in selected high-latitude regions.This animation was generated by the model WAVEWATCH IIITM and spans three calendar months. The model evolves the generation of wind waves due to the effects of surface winds. As the wind waves move out from the influence of the storm they propagate through the ocean as swell, or gravity driven waves. The model also evolves the effects of bottom interactions (including shoaling and refraction) as well as currents, water level changes and ice concentrations.The color scale of the movies represents wave height as generated by wind activity. Areas that have high wind concentrations (storms) can be seen as they generate large swell that then propagate across oceans (shown in warmer colors). It is possible to follow the swell generated by a given storm as it propagates across the ocean and the interaction that it has with various obstructions such as islands and continents. Seasonal differences are also readily apparent in the varying size and location of the major swell generating storm events. As the seasons change, the areas where the major swell generating storms are generated change, moving north and south, following the local winter. This is represented in these movies by areas of large swell. It is also possible to see more local events such as tropical and extratropical cyclones and the effects that major currents such as the Gulf Stream have on their trajectory.Highlighted below are some notable storm events distinguishable by their swell patters.Many large swell events are visible in the Gulf of Mexico during this movie generated by hurricane events. Video footage of coastal conditions of Hurricane Ike on September 13th and 14th as it makes landfall in Galveston, Texas can be seen by following the link in the references section.lowing the link in the references section.)
Movie:WAVEWATCH III model run Jun 2008 to AUG 2008 + (WAVEWATCH III^TM is a 2D model that evolve … WAVEWATCH III^TM is a 2D model that evolves various atmospheric and oceanic factors creating and propagating multi spectrum wind waves through a given region. Wind waves are evolved based on the influence of surface wind, currents, water level changes, ice concentrations, air-sea surface temperature gradients and wave interactions with the sea bottom.WAVEWATCH III^TM has been shown to be a highly accurate global wave model and has been validated globally using data from buoys and ERSI altimeter data. The error range is typically within 15% of the local mean observed height based on the altimeter and buoy data. WAVEWATCH III^TM has been shown to be particularly accurate in the tropics and in the forecast of extreme wave heights. It has been shown to have slightly poorer accuracy in selected high-latitude regions.This animation was generated by the model WAVEWATCH III^TM and spans three calendar months. The model evolves the generation of wind waves due to the effects of surface winds. As the wind waves move out from the influence of the storm they propagate through the ocean as swell, or gravity driven waves. The model also evolves the effects of bottom interactions (including shoaling and refraction) as well as currents, water level changes and ice concentrations.The color scale of the movies represents wave height as generated by wind activity. Areas that have high wind concentrations (storms) can be seen as they generate large swell that then propagate across oceans (shown in warmer colors). It is possible to follow the swell generated by a given storm as it propagates across the ocean and the interaction that it has with various obstructions such as islands and continents. Seasonal differences are also readily apparent in the varying size and location of the major swell generating storm events. As the seasons change, the areas where the major swell generating storms are generated change, moving north and south, following the local winter. This is represented in these movies by areas of large swell. It is also possible to see more local events such as tropical and extratropical cyclones and the effects that major currents such as the Gulf Stream have on their trajectory.Highlighted below are some notable storm events distinguishable by their swell patters.Throughout this movie the creation of tropical cyclones can be followed from the swell they generate as they move across the Atlantic Ocean and then get pulled north by the Gulf Stream along the east coast of the US.On July 21st Hurricane Dolly began generating large swell in the Gulf of Mexico and can be seen making landfall near the Texas-Mexico border.Many tropical storms can be seen as they generate swell in the Gulf of Mexico throughout August.On August 9th the swell that earned Grant Baker the Billabong XXL award for largest wave can be seen as it hits South Africa, where he surfed it at Tafelberg Reef. Footage of this ride can be seen by following the link in the references section.lowing the link in the references section.)
Movie:WAVEWATCH III model run Dec 2007 to Feb 2008 + (WAVEWATCH III^TM is a 2D model that evolve … WAVEWATCH III^TM is a 2D model that evolves various atmospheric and oceanic factors creating and propagating multi spectrum wind waves through a given region. Wind waves are evolved based on the influence of surface wind, currents, water level changes, ice concentrations, air-sea surface temperature gradients and wave interactions with the sea bottom.WAVEWATCH III^TM has been shown to be a highly accurate global wave model and has been validated globally using data from buoys and ERSI altimeter data. The error range is typically within 15% of the local mean observed height based on the altimeter and buoy data. WAVEWATCH III^TM has been shown to be particularly accurate in the tropics and in the forecast of extreme wave heights. It has been shown to have slightly poorer accuracy in selected high-latitude regions.This animation was generated by the model WAVEWATCH III^TM and spans three calendar months. The model evolves the generation of wind waves due to the effects of surface winds. As the wind waves move out from the influence of the storm they propagate through the ocean as swell, or gravity driven waves. The model also evolves the effects of bottom interactions (including shoaling and refraction) as well as currents, water level changes and ice concentrations.The color scale of the movies represents wave height as generated by wind activity. Areas that have high wind concentrations (storms) can be seen as they generate large swell that then propagate across oceans (shown in warmer colors). It is possible to follow the swell generated by a given storm as it propagates across the ocean and the interaction that it has with various obstructions such as islands and continents. Seasonal differences are also readily apparent in the varying size and location of the major swell generating storm events. As the seasons change, the areas where the major swell generating storms are generated change, moving north and south, following the local winter. This is represented in these movies by areas of large swell. It is also possible to see more local events such as tropical and extratropical cyclones and the effects that major currents such as the Gulf Stream have on their trajectory.Highlighted below are some notable storm events distinguishable by their swell patters.The large swell generated from winds gusting as fast as 129 mph can be seen between December 1st and 3rd. Certain counties affected by this storm were declared federal disaster areas.The storm generating the swell responsible for the Billabong XXL Big Wave surfing competition is visible on and before January 5th as it makes its way towards Cortes Bank, located approximately 100 miles off the coast of San Diego, California where a 70ft wave was surfed by Mike Parsons. Still images from the ride can be seen in the link in the references section, approximately 2/3 of the way through the movie.The large swell generated by tropical cyclone Ivan can be seen as they develop and move towards the island of Madagascar, making landfall on February 17th.agascar, making landfall on February 17th.)
Movie:Density Current + (You can see a tilted flume with two veloci … You can see a tilted flume with two velocity measurement propellors at the start of the movie. Note the think layer of sediment on the bttom, which represents the sea floor sediment. Then the experimenters release a mix of water and sediment (it is colored pink for contrast) into the top of the flume. Because this mix is denser than the original water column, a density current forms and rapidly travels along the bottom slope of the flume. This current even is capable of eroding the original flume bed.This experiment mimicks the sediment transport of a turbidite along a deep-marine slope. This experiment was implemented in the tilting flume in the Earth Surface Dynamics Modeling Lab at Caltech.https://esp.gps.caltech.edu/earth-surface-dynamics-laboratorytech.edu/earth-surface-dynamics-laboratory)
Movie:ArcticCoastalErosion2010 + (one can watch a month of coastal melting i … one can watch a month of coastal melting in one minute. This movie is a time-lapse of 15 min shots taken at Drew Point along the Beaufort Sea. Drew Point is about halfway between Point Barrow and Prudhoe Bay on the North Slope of Alaska.This particular movie was taken in August 13th-September 11th, 2010.The coastal bluffs you see in the ovie are about 4 m high, the blocks that erode away were measured to be 10.5m long. A large volume of the permafrost is just ice (uto 70%), the rest is fine sediment and peat as well as grass that grows in the upper 35 cm (the active layer).There are polar bears passing by!layer). There are polar bears passing by!)