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Presenters-0609 + (Research communities and peer-review journ … Research communities and peer-review journals are increasingly requiring authors to make available the code and data behind computational results reported in published studies. The Whole Tale platform is an open-access and open source system designed to enable researchers to package and archive their code, data, computational workflow, and information about the computational environment to better enable others to assess and repeat their results. During this webinar, we will introduce participants to the concepts of computational reproducibility and transparency and demonstrate core features of the platform.demonstrate core features of the platform.)
Presenters-0071 + (Research in Earth-surface processes and su … Research in Earth-surface processes and subsurface stratal development is in a data-rich era with rapid expansion of facilities that produce tremendous digital data with time and space resolution far beyond what we can collect in the field. Despite these advances, sediment experimentalists are an example community in the “long tail”, meaning that their data are often collected in one-of-a-kind experimental set-ups and isolated from other experiments. Experimentalists also have a lot of “dark data” that are difficult or impossible to access through the Internet. The Sediment Experimentalist Network (SEN) was formed to address these challenges. Over the last three years, SEN launched a Knowledge Base website, held international workshops, and provided educational short courses. Through workshops and short courses, SEN has identified and shared experimental data best practices, developed metadata standards for data collection, and fostered data management and sharing efforts within the experimentalist community. '''Now is the time to extend this collaboration toward Earth-surface modelers to advance geoscience research and education.''' We identified three grand challenges for SEN: (1) How best to relate experiments to natural systems and theory, (2) How to ensure comparability of experimental results from disparate facilities, and (3) How to distinguish external versus intrinsic processes observed in experiments. Experimentalist-modeler collaborations are essential for achieving solutions to all of these grand challenges. Theoretical and numerical modeling based on first principles can help to extrapolate insight from experiments to field scales, to compare results from different lab facilities, and to decouple autogenic processes and allogenic forcings in geomorphology and stratigraphy. The experimentalist-modeler collaborative effort will result in tremendous opportunities for overcoming grand challenges in our communities.oming grand challenges in our communities.)
Presenters-0520 + (Researchers and decision makers are increa … Researchers and decision makers are increasingly interested in understanding the many ways in which human and Earth systems interact with one another, at scales from local (e.g., a city) to regional to global. For example, how might changes in population, income, or technology development alter crop production, energy demand, or water withdrawals? How do changes in one region's demand for energy affect energy, water, and land in other regions? This session will focus on two models – GCAM and Demeter – that provide capabilities to address these types of questions.GCAM is an open-source, global, market equilibrium model that represents the linkages between energy, water, land, climate, and economic systems. A strength of GCAM is that it can be used to quickly explore, and quantify the uncertainty in, a large number of alternate future scenarios while accounting for multi-sector, human-Earth system dynamics. One of GCAM’s many outputs is projected land cover/use by subregion. Subregional projections provide context and can be used to understand regional land dynamics; however, Earth System Models (ESMs) generally require gridded representations of land at finer scales. Demeter, a land use and land cover disaggregation model, was created to provide this service. Demeter directly ingests land projections from GCAM and creates gridded products that match the desired resolution and land class requirements of the user. This clinic will introduce both GCAM and Demeter at a high-level. We will also provide a hands-on walk through for a reference case so attendees can become familiar with configuring and running these two models. Our goal will be for attendees to leave the clinic with an understanding of 1) the value of capturing a global perspective when informing subregional and local analysis, 2) possibilities to conduct scenario exploration experiments that capture multi-sector/scale dynamics, 3) and a hands-on experience with GCAM and Demeter.hands-on experience with GCAM and Demeter.)
Presenters-0458 + (Researchers and decision makers are increa … Researchers and decision makers are increasingly interested in understanding the many ways in which human and Earth systems interact with one another, at scales from local (e.g., a city) to regional to global. For example, how might changes in population, income, or technology cost alter crop production, energy demand, or water withdrawals? How do changes in one region's demand for energy affect energy, water, and land in other regions? This session will focus on two models – GCAM and Demeter – that provide the capability to address these types of questions. GCAM is an open-source, global, market equilibrium model that represents the linkages between energy, water, land, climate, and economic systems (Calvin et al. 2019). A strength of GCAM is that it runs fast and can be used to explore, and quantify the uncertainty in, a large number of alternate future scenarios while accounting for multisector, human-Earth system dynamics. One of GCAM’s many outputs is projected land cover/use by subregion. Subregional projections provide context and can be used to understand regional land dynamics; however, Earth System Models (ESMs) generally require gridded representations of land at finer scales. Demeter, a land use and land cover disaggregation model, was created to provide this service (Vernon et al. 2018). Demeter directly ingests land projections from GCAM and creates gridded products that match the desired resolution and land class requirements of the user. This clinic will introduce both GCAM and Demeter at a high-level. We will also provide a hands-on walk through for a reference case so attendees can become familiar with setting-up and running these two models. Our goal will be for attendees to leave the clinic with an understanding of 1) the value of capturing a global perspective when informing subregional and local analysis, 2) possibilities to conduct scenario exploration experiments that capture multisector/scale dynamics, 3) a hands-on experience with GCAM and Demeter, and 4) key model assumption drivers and simulated model results available.ey model assumption drivers and simulated model results available.)
Presenters-0495 + (River deltas will likely experience signif … River deltas will likely experience significant land loss because of relative sea-level rise (RSLR), but predictions have remained elusive. Here, we use global data of RSLR and river sediment supply to build a validated model of delta response to RSLR for all ~10,000 deltas globally. Applying this model to predict future delta change, we find that all IPCC RCP sea-level scenarios lead to a net delta loss by the end of the 21st century, ranging from -52 ¬± 36 (1 s.d.) km2yr-1 for RCP2.6 to -808 ¬± 80 km2yr-1 for RCP8.5. We find that river dams, subsidence, and sea-level rise have had a comparable influence on reduced delta growth over the past decades, but that by 2100 under RCP8.5 more than 80% of delta land loss will be caused by climate-change driven sea-level rise.d by climate-change driven sea-level rise.)
Presenters-0140 + (SNAC (StGermaiN Analysis of Continua) is a … SNAC (StGermaiN Analysis of Continua) is a 3D parallel explicit finite element code for modeling long-term deformations of lithosphere. It is an open source being distributed through Computational Infrastructure for Geodynamics (http://geodynamics.org/cig/software/snac/) as well as through CSDMS web site (https://csdms.colorado.edu/wiki/Model:SNAC). This clinic will provide an overview of SNAC and lead participants through a typical work procedure for producing a 3D lithospheric deformation model on a high performance cluster. Specifically, participants will take the following steps: 0) acquiring an account on the CSDMS HPC (to be done before the clinic); 1) checking out the source code through a version control system; 2) building SNAC on the cluster; 3) getting familiar with SNAC by running a cookbook example in parallel and visualizing outputs; 4) modifying the source codes to customize a model.s; 4) modifying the source codes to customize a model.)
Presenters-0630 + (Salt marshes are biogeomorphic features th … Salt marshes are biogeomorphic features that are under increasing pressure from sea level rise, land use change, and other external stressors. Modeling of salt marshes has traditionally been “stovepiped” into three general disciplines: ecology, geomorphology, and engineering, resulting in contrasting approaches and relative rigor. I will highlight successes and failures across these efforts, and identify how the three disciplines can move forward using advances from each other.ve forward using advances from each other.)
Presenters-0578 + (Scientific communities and peer-review jou … Scientific communities and peer-review journals are increasingly requiring authors to make available the code and data behind computational results reported in published research. This tutorial will introduce participants to the NSF-funded Whole Tale platform, an open-access and open-source system designed to enable authors to package and archive their code, data, computational workflow and information about the computational environment to better enable others to repeat their results. We will walk through the basic features of the platform with hands-on exercises.s of the platform with hands-on exercises.)
Presenters-0483 + (Seagrass provides a wide range of economic … Seagrass provides a wide range of economically and ecologically valuable ecosystem services, with shoreline erosion control often listed as a key service. But seagrass can also alter the sediment dynamics and waves of back-barrier bays by reducing wave height and attenuating wave and current shear stresses acting on the sediment bed. This suggests that seagrass can play an important role in the evolution of the entire shallow coastal bay, back-barrier marsh, and barrier-island system, yet no study has previously examined these subsystems coupled together. Here we incorporate seagrass dynamics of the back-barrier bay into the existing coupled barrier-marsh model GEOMBEST+. In our new integrated model, bay depth and distance from the marsh edge determine the location of suitable seagrass habitat, and the presence or absence, size, and shoot density of seagrass meadows alters the bathymetry of the bay and wave power reaching the marsh edge. We use this model to run 3 sets of experiments to examine the coupled interactions of the back-barrier bay with both adjacent (marsh) and non-adjacent (barrier) subsystems. While seagrass reduces marsh edge erosion rates and increases progradation rates in many of our model simulations, seagrass surprisingly increases marsh edge erosion rates when sediment export from the back-barrier basin is negligible. Adding seagrass to the bay subsystem leads to increased deposition in the bay, reduced sediment available to the marsh, and enhanced marsh edge erosion until the bay reaches a new, shallower equilibrium depth. In contrast, removing seagrass liberates previously-sequestered sediment that is then delivered to the marsh, leading to enhanced marsh progradation. Lastly, we find that seagrass reduces barrier island migration rates in the absence of back-barrier marsh by filling accommodation space in the bay. These model observations suggest that seagrass meadows operate as dynamic sources and sinks of sediment that can influence the evolution of coupled marsh and barrier island landforms in unanticipated ways.er island landforms in unanticipated ways.)
Presenters-0502 + (Seasonal seagrass growth and senescence ex … Seasonal seagrass growth and senescence exert a strong influence on shallow coastal environments. We applied a hydrodynamic and sediment transport Delft3D model that included coupled effects of seagrass on flow, waves, and sediment resuspension in a shallow coastal bay to quantify seasonal seagrass effects on bay dynamics. Simulation results show that seagrass meadows significantly attenuated flow (60%) and waves (20%) and reduced suspended sediment concentration (85%) during the growing season. Although low-densities of seagrass in winter had limited effects on flow and wave attenuation, small changes in winter seagrass density could alter the annual sediment budget of these seagrass ecosystems.iment budget of these seagrass ecosystems.)
Presenters-0560 + (Sediment diversions costing billions of do … Sediment diversions costing billions of dollars are planned on deltas globally, to mitigate land loss due to rising sea levels and subsidence. Downstream of engineered levee breaks, land building will rely on natural delta processes to disperse sediment. But, external factors known to affect natural delta processes vary between possible diversion sites (e.g., wave energy, basin substrate, marsh activity), making it difficult to quantitatively compare land-building potential between sites and optimally allocate engineering resources. We have implemented the pyDeltaRCM numerical model to provide an easily extensible platform for simulating delta evolution under arbitrary environmental factors. With the computationally efficient model, we isolate (and combine) these factors to observe effects on land building, and build a framework to quickly assess land-building potential at different sites. In this presentation, I will describe pyDeltaRCM model design, and show ongoing studies to assess land-building potential of diversions under different forcings. Model computational efficiency enables uncertainty quantification that will benefit diversion planning and resource allocation, by identifying relative impact of different external factors.tive impact of different external factors.)
Presenters-0566 + (Sediment production and transfer processes … Sediment production and transfer processes shape river basins and networks and are driven by variability in precipitation, runoff and temperature. Changes in these hydrological and geomorphological processes are especially difficult to predict in temperature-sensitive environments such as the European Alps. We used a model chain to quantify possible impacts of climate change on sediment transfer and hazard in a debris flow-prone catchment in the Swiss Alps (Illgraben). We combined a stochastic weather generator1 with downscaled and bias-corrected climate change projections2 to generate climate simulations. These climate simulations then feed the hillslope-channel sediment cascade model, SedCas3, which is calibrated against observed debris-flow magnitudes estimated from force plate measurements4, to make predictions of sediment transfer and debris flow hazard in the Illgraben over the 21st century5. The results demonstrate the complex interplay between hydrology, sediment production and elevation in alpine catchment response to climate change. The hydrological potential to transport sediment and generate debris flows will increase, driven by increases in precipitation and air temperature. Indeed, if sediment supply to the channel by landslides were unlimited, this would result in an increase in future sediment yield of 48% by the end of the century. However, sediment transfer is also a function of sediment supply by landslides at the head of the catchment, driven by highly temperature sensitive freeze-thaw processes6. At the elevation of the Illgraben (<2000 m), freeze-thaw processes and thus sediment supply will decrease in a warming climate resulting in a decrease in sediment yield of 48% by the end of the century. This result and the competition between hydrological debris flow triggering potential and sediment supply is highly elevation dependent. As we increase mean catchment elevation, sediment production increases due to decreased snow cover and increased exposure of bedrock to freeze-thaw weathering, with implications for the application of findings to other catchments. Although uncertainties in our results are large, we show that these can mostly be attributed to irreducible internal climate variability. Our findings have important implications for the assessment of natural hazards and risks in mountain environments.REFERENCES1 Fatichi et al., 2011: Simulation of future climate scenarios with a weather generator2 National Centre for Climate Services, 2018: CH2018 - Climate Scenarios for Switzerland3 Bennett et al., 2014: A probabilistic sediment cascade model of sediment transfer in the Illgraben4 McArdell et al., 2007: Field observations of basal forces and fluid pressure in a debris flow5Hirshberg et al., 2021: Climate change impacts on sediment yield and debris flow activity6 Bennett et al., 2013: Patterns and controls of sediment production, transfer and yield in the Illgrabenoduction, transfer and yield in the Illgraben)
Presenters-0053 + (Sediment transport in rivers is a key para … Sediment transport in rivers is a key parameter in landscape evolution, fluvial sedimentation, and river engineering. In particular, information on the time-averaged virtual velocity and the channel/floodplain exchange rate of sediment is extremely useful for quantifying long-term sediment transport dynamics. This data is expensive and time-consuming to obtain. A potential solution is to use luminescence, a property of matter normally used for dating. I develop a model based on conservation of energy and sediment mass to explain the patterns of luminescence in river channel sediment. The parameters from the model can then be used to estimate the time-averaged virtual velocity, characteristic transport lengthscales, storage timescales, and floodplain exchange rates of fine sand-sized sediment in a fluvial system. I show that this model can accurately reproduce the luminescence observed in previously published field measurements. I test these predictions in three rivers where the sediment transport information is well known: the South River and Difficult Run in Virginia, and Linganore Creek in Maryland. Each of these rivers tests key predictions of the model with the South River having favorable conditions, Difficult Run having large amounts of human influence, and Linganore Creek switching from alluvial to bedrock and vice versa along its course. In the South River, the model successfully reproduces the virtual-velocity and exchange rates from previously published data. In Difficult Run, we find that the influx of sediment from human development obfuscates the model-predicted pattern as expected. In Linganore Creek, the shift from alluvial covered to bedrock and back produces a change in the luminescence consistent with the predictions made by the model. From these results, I conclude that when model assumptions are upheld, luminescence can provide a useful method to obtain sediment transport information. This finding, coupled with the advent of portable luminescence technology, opens the door for rapid and inexpensive collection of long-term sediment transport data.tion of long-term sediment transport data.)
Presenters-0555 + (Segmentation, or the classification of pix … Segmentation, or the classification of pixels (grid cells) in imagery, is ubiquitously applied in the natural sciences. An example close to the CSDMS community might be translating images of earth surface into arrays of land cover to be used as model initial conditions, or to test model output. Manual segmentation is often prohibitively time-consuming, especially when images have significant spatial heterogeneity of colors or textures.This Clinic is focused on demonstrating a machine learning method for image segmentation using two software tools: The first is “Doodler”, a fast, semi-automated, method for interactive segmentation of N-dimensional (x,y,N) images into two-dimensional (x,y) label images. It uses human-in-the-loop ML to achieve consensus between the labeler and a model in an iterative workflow. Second, we will demonstrate Segmentation Zoo, a python toolbox to segment imagery with a variety of deep learning models that uses output from Doodler with existing models, or train entirely new models.Ideally the clinic will be divided into two separate days. Day 1 would be a short introductory lecture, a live code demo, and then homework — participants will doodle imagery to gain familiarity with the software and create training data for a segmentation model. Day 2 would be a short introductory lecture on machine learning, and a live code demo for how to use doodled images in Segmentation Zoo (i.e., the images that participants doodled).There are two concrete goals for the clinic: 1) demonstrate how participants can use these two tools, and; 2) a group authored dataset of doodled images that will be placed in a Zenodo repository with all participants who contribute as coauthors.Doodler preprint: https://doi.org/10.31223/X59K83Doodler repository: https://github.com/dbuscombe-usgs/dash_doodlerDoodler Website: https://dbuscombe-usgs.github.io/dash_doodler/ Segmentation Zoo repository: https://github.com/dbuscombe-usgs/segmentation_zoogithub.com/dbuscombe-usgs/segmentation_zoo)
Presenters-0424 + (Seismic observations document how substant … Seismic observations document how substantial amounts of sediments may be transported from the onshore to the offshore during formation of extensional continental margins. Thick sedimentary packages are, for example, found on the margins of Norway, the eastern US coast, and the Gulf of Mexico. In contrast, the Goban Spur, Galicia Bank, and the Red Sea are examples of sediment-starved margins. Such variations in the amount of sediments impact not only the development of offshore sedimentary basins, but the changes in mass balance by erosion and sedimentation can also interact with extensional tectonic processes. In convergent settings, such feedback relationships between erosion and tectonic deformation have long been highlighted: Erosion reduces the elevation and width of mountain belts and in turn tectonic activity and exhumation are focused at regions of enhanced erosion. But what is the role played by surface processes during formation of extensional continental margins? In this lecture, I will discuss geodynamic experiments that explore the response of continental rifts to erosion and sedimentation from initial rifting to continental break-up. These experiments show how the interaction of extensional tectonics and surface processes can fundamentally alter the width and topography of continent-ocean boundaries. topography of continent-ocean boundaries.)
Presenters-0567 + (Seismo-acoustic techniques can provide con … Seismo-acoustic techniques can provide continuous, real-time observations with high temporal resolution and broad spatial coverage for process monitoring, detection and characterization in accessible environments. These capabilities are rapidly advancing with the growing use of distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) systems, which use fiber optic cables to provide continuous records of ground motion comparable to large-N arrays of single-component accelerometers or geophones. Compared to traditional seismic arrays, DAS arrays can be tens of kilometers in length with spatial resolution of meters and sampling frequencies from millihertz to kilohertz. In this clinic, participants will learn about the basics of DAS instrumentation and deployment in an introductory lecture, and be introduced to hands-on DAS data input, analysis and visualization concepts through Jupyter notebooks. The clinic will also provide participants with resources for further exploring and utilizing DAS, including guides to open DAS datasets, and the growing resource lists and GitHub organization managed by the NSF-funded DAS Research Coordination Network (https://www.iris.edu/hq/initiatives/das_rcn).ps://www.iris.edu/hq/initiatives/das_rcn).)
Presenters-0434 + (Sequence is a modular 2D (i.e., profile) s … Sequence is a modular 2D (i.e., profile) sequence stratigraphic model that is written in Python and implemented within the Landlab framework. Sequence represents time-averaged fluvial and marine sediment transport via differential equations. The modular code includes components to deal with sea level changes, sediment compaction, local or flexural isostasy, and tectonic subsidence and uplift. Development of the code was spurred by observations of repetitive stratigraphic sequences in western Turkey that are distorted by tectonics.rn Turkey that are distorted by tectonics.)
Presenters-0137 + (Sinuous channels commonly migrate laterall … Sinuous channels commonly migrate laterally and interact with banks of different strengths—an interplay that links geomorphology and life, and shapes diverse landscapes from the seafloor to planetary surfaces. To investigate feedbacks between meandering rivers and landscapes over geomorphic timescales, numerical models typically represent bank properties using structured or unstructured grids. Grid-based models, however, implicitly include unintended thresholds for bank migration that can control simulated landscape evolution. I will present a vector-based approach to land surface- and subsurface-material tracking that overcomes the resolution-dependence inherent in grid-based techniques by allowing high-fidelity representation of bank-material properties for curvilinear banks and low channel lateral migration rates. The vector-based technique is flexible for tracking evolving topography and stratigraphy to different environments, including aggrading floodplains and mixed bedrock-alluvial river valleys. Because of its geometric flexibility, the vector-based material tracking approach provides new opportunities for exploring the co-evolution of meandering rivers and surrounding landscapes over geologic timescales.nding landscapes over geologic timescales.)
Presenters-0052 + (Six years ago, we set out to study how com … Six years ago, we set out to study how complex systems simulations could support collaborative water planning. We hypothesized that, by allowing participants to see the hidden effects of land- and water-use decisions on water flow, such tools could provide a platform for collective and innovative solution-building to complex environmental problems. We first adopted a developmental and collaborative agent-based approach, where groups of stakeholders learned how to inform and use models to assess the impacts of different implementation strategies. Despite their improved understanding and enhanced exploration of solutions, participants resisted policy innovation beyond familiar strategies. We refined our approach towards facilitated interaction with complex systems models and additional interfaces to help stakeholders provide direct input to the simulations, comprehend model outputs, and negotiate tradeoffs. Participants challenged outdated and false assumptions and identified novel solutions to their water woes. Nevertheless, at times the dissonance between simulation outputs and participants’ expectations was too great to accept and own. We share three stories of the obstacles encountered and offer suggestions to overcome them: keep models and interfaces simple, make both biophysical processes and values visible and tangible, and explicitly structure the social aspects of the simulation’s use. We draw on our experiences to show what aspects of visualization can support participatory planning.zation can support participatory planning.)
Presenters-0454 + (Society is facing unprecedented environmen … Society is facing unprecedented environmental challenges that have pushed us into a world dominated by transients and variability. Informed decision making in this era, at scales from the individual to the globe, requires explicit predictions on management-relevant timescales, based on the best available information, and considering a wide range of uncertainties. As a research community, we are not yet meeting this need. In this talk I will introduce the Ecological Forecasting Initiative (EFI), an international grass-roots research consortium aimed at building a community of practice. I will discuss EFI’s cross-cutting efforts to tackle community-wide bottlenecks in cyberinfrastructure, community standards, methods and tools, education, diversity, knowledge transfer, decision support, and our theoretical understanding of predictability. I will highlight examples of near real-time iterative ecological forecasts across a wide range of terrestrial and aquatic systems, as well as work done by my own group developing PEcAn (a terrestrial ecosystem model-data informatics and forecasting system) and our recent efforts to generalize these approaches to other forecasts. Finally, I will also introduce EFI’s ecological forecasting competition, which relies on a wide range of continually-updated NEON (National Ecological Observatory Network) data.onal Ecological Observatory Network) data.)
Presenters-0521 + (Socio-environmental systems (SES) modeling … Socio-environmental systems (SES) modeling integrates knowledge and perspectives into conceptual and computational tools that explicitly recognize how human decisions affect the environment. With the advent of new techniques, data sources, and computational power on the one hand, and the growing sustainability challenges on the other, the expectation is that SES modeling should be more widely used to inform decision-making at multiple scales. This presentation will highlight the grand challenges that need to be overcome to accelerate the development and adaptation of SES modeling.These challenges include: bridging epistemologies across disciplines; multi-dimensional uncertainty assessment and management; scales and scaling issues; combining qualitative and quantitative methods and data; furthering the adoption and impacts of SES modeling on policy; capturing structural changes; representing human dimensions in SES; and leveraging new data types and sources. The presentation will outline the steps required to surmount the underpinning barriers and priority research areas in SES modelling and propose clear directions for future generations of models and modeling, to both their developers and users.eling, to both their developers and users.)
Presenters-0582 + (Software sustainability - the ability for … Software sustainability - the ability for software to continue to function - and the FAIR principles (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable and Reusable) are important features of software used in research. But how do they apply to research into environmental extremes? In this presentation, I will summarise the work of the Software Sustainability Institute, including my work on the FAIR principles for research software, and what we understand about the challenges and benefits of applying software sustainability and FAIR to this area.ware sustainability and FAIR to this area.)
Presenters-0048 + (Soil science has developed as a critical d … Soil science has developed as a critical discipline of the biosphere and continues to develop every day; yet state-of-the-art modeling is unable to adequately synthesize many processes in applied earth system models. If we agree that soil is a critical life-supporting compartment that supports ecosystem functions (e.g., habitat for biodiversity) and ecosystem services (e.g., water filtration, nutrient management), and that produces food, feed, fiber and energy for our societies, then our inability to integrate soil processes into the broader array of earth system models is an issue that needs solving. Integration is an achievable goal. Other research communities have collaborated intensively over the past decades—specifically the climate modeling community—but even many of their approaches overlook (or over-average) the detailed and advanced shared knowledge of the soil compartment. This represents a gap in how scientific knowledge is implemented. Over the recent decades, a new generation of soil models has been developed, based on a whole systems approach comprising all physical, mechanical, chemical, and biological processes. The processes are needed to fill these critical knowledge gaps and contribute to the preservation of ecosystem function, improve our understanding of climate-change feedback processes, bridge basic soil science research and management, and facilitate the communication between science and society. The International Soil Modeling Consortium (ISMC) was formed in 2016 as a new community effort of soil modelers to improve how soil processes are communicated to other scientific communities, from earth dynamics to biogeosciences to global climate modelers. ISMC was formed around three themes: linking data and observations to models; creating the means for soil model intercomparison studies; and connecting our soil-related knowledge between science communities. Within less than 12 months of inception, ISMC has warehoused nearly 40 soil-related models, initiated data sets and platforms for modeling studies, and facilitated collaborations with several international groups, including CSDMS. In this discussion, we will describe the motivation and genesis of ISMC, present current status of our research, and seek to create new research partnerships. seek to create new research partnerships.)
Presenters-0506 + (Soils control the influence of how land us … Soils control the influence of how land use and land cover (LULC) change the global water, energy, and biogeochemical cycles. However, Earth System Models often assume soil properties stay constant over time that leaves uncertainties in assessing LULC impacts. This study quantifies impacts of agriculture, pasture, grazing, vegetation harvest, and secondary vegetation cover on SOC, texture, and bulk density through meta-analyses. We showed how LULCs link to different soils and constructed a model to estimate how LULCs change soil properties and how climate and soil conditions alter the impacts. Results provide better land surface characteristics to improve Earth systems modeling.ristics to improve Earth systems modeling.)
Presenters-0584 + (Spring School Student Presentations)

Presenters-0585 + (State of CSDMS)

Presenters-0595 + (Subduction zones are ever-evolving over a … Subduction zones are ever-evolving over a wide range of spatio-temporal scales, and there are a range of interactions between deep mantle flow and surface tectonics which are of relevance for processes from the megathrust cycle to the long-term evolution of the Earth. I review studies that seek to understand a number of the involved processes with a focus on the role of sediments and rheology for subduction rates and deep mantle structure, as well as the thermo-mechanical state of the mantle wedge.ermo-mechanical state of the mantle wedge.)
Presenters-0532 + (Sundaland, the name given to the emerged p … Sundaland, the name given to the emerged parts of the Sunda Shelf during low sea level, currently lies approximately 100 mbeneath the Java Sea and southwestern part of the South China Sea. The region is of particular interest in biogeography and biodiversity studies for its position at the junction between two major zoogeographic provinces that extend across the Equator and for its prevailing connection with mainland Southeast Asia. Using landscape evolution and connectivity analysis models, we will investigate how changes induced by drainage basins reorganisation and river captures have transformed the environment into fragmented habitats over the past million years. We will see that physiographic evolution has a strong control on the preferential connectivity pathways and triggers successive phases of expansion and compression of the migratory corridors across the shelf and is an important mechanism to consider in order to improve our understanding of species richness dynamics in the region.f species richness dynamics in the region.)
Presenters-0005 + (Surface processes are constantly reworking … Surface processes are constantly reworking the landscape of our planet with perhaps the most diverse and beautiful patterns of sediment displacement known to humanity. Capturing this diversity is important for advancing our knowledge of systems, and for sustainable exploitation of natural resources by future generations. From a modeler's perspective, great diversity comes with great uncertainty. Although it is understandably very hard to quantify uncertainty about geological events that happened many years ago, we argue that modeling this uncertainty explicitly is crucial to improve our understanding of subsurface heterogeneity, as stratigraphy is direct function of surface processes. In this modeling work (and code), we aim to build realistic stratigraphic models that are constrained to local data (e.g. from wells, or geophysics) and that are, at the same time, subject to surface processes reflected in flume records. Experiments have improved tremendously in recent years, and the amount of data that they generate is posing new challenges to the surface processes community, who is asking more often the question "How do we make use of all this?" Traditional models based on differential equations and constitutive laws are not flexible enough to digest this information, nor were they created with this purpose. The community faces this limitation where the models cannot be conditioned on experiments, and even after exhaustive manual calibration of unobserved input parameters, these models often show poor predictive power. Our choice of inverse modeling and (geo)statistics (a.k.a. data science) was thus made knowing that these disciplines can provide the community with what we need: the ability to condition models of stratigraphy to measurements taken on a flume tank.phy to measurements taken on a flume tank.)
Presenters-0557 + (Surface processes are influenced by viscou … Surface processes are influenced by viscous coupling of the deforming lithosphere to asthenospheric flow, as well as magma that migrates upward from the upper asthenosphere. Over the past few decades, significant advances have been made in finite element numerical methods that enable modeling of lithospheric deformation, viscous coupling to asthenospheric flow, and melt generation in the upper asthenosphere. In this work, we present new developments based on the NSF Computational Infrastructure for Geodynamics finite element code ASPECT (Advanced Solver for Problems in Earth’s Convection) that allow users to easily investigate these processes in distinct tectonic and geographic locations. . Users have the options to constrain their initial temperature and density conditions with laterally varying lithospheric thickness, layers of crustal thickness, and shear wave seismic velocity models in the sublithospheric mantle. We present case studies from regions along the East African Rift System that demonstrate these capabilities.ystem that demonstrate these capabilities.)
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Presenters-0539 + (TBD)
Presenters-0647 + (TBD)
Presenters-0652 + (Terrestrial cosmogenic nuclides (TCN) are … Terrestrial cosmogenic nuclides (TCN) are commonly used to assess denudation rates in soil-mantled uplands. The estimation of an inferred denudation rate (Dinf) from TCN concentrations typically relies on the assumptions of steady denudation rates during TCN accumulation and negligible impact from soil chemical erosion on soil mineral abundances. However, in many landscapes, denudation rates are not steady, and the composition of soil is markedly affected by chemical erosion, adding complexity to the analysis of TCN concentrations. We introduce a landscape evolution model that computes transient changes in topography, soil thickness, soil mineralogy, and soil TCN concentrations. With this model, we explored TCN responses in transient landscapes by imposing idealized perturbations in tectonically (bedrock uplift rate) and climatically sensitive parameters (soil production efficiency, hillslope transport efficiency, and mineral dissolution rate) on synthetic, steady-state landscapes. The experiments on synthetic landscapes delivered important insights about TCN responses in transient landscapes. Results showed that responses of Dinf to tectonic perturbations differ from those to climatic perturbations, indicating that spatial and temporal trends in Dinf serve as indicators of perturbation type and magnitude. Also, if soil chemical erosion is accounted for, basin-averaged Dinf inferred from TCN in stream sediment closely tracks actual basin-averaged denudation rate, showing that Dinf is a reliable representation of actual denudation rate, even in many transient landscapes. In addition, we demonstrate how this model can be applied to a real landscape in the Oregon Coast Range and how model predictions can be compared to field measurements of cosmogenic nuclides and chemical depletion in sediments. Overall, landscape evolution models infused with cosmogenic nuclides can be used to scrutinize methodological assumptions, reveal potential real-world patterns in transient landscapes, and deepen the comprehension of field data.nd deepen the comprehension of field data.)
Presenters-0444 + (Thawing of permafrost potentially affects … Thawing of permafrost potentially affects the global climate system through the mobilization of greenhouse gases, and poses a risk to human infrastructure in the Arctic. The response of ice-rich permafrost landscapes to a changing climate is particularly uncertain, and challenging to be addressed with numerical models. A main reason for this is the rapidly changing surface topography resulting from melting of ground ice, which is referred to as thermokarst. It is expressed in characteristic landforms which alter the hydrology, the surface energy balance, and the redistribution of snow of the entire landscapes. Polygonal patterned tundra which is underlain by massive ice-wedges, is a prototype of a sensitive permafrost system which is increasingly subjected to thermokarst activity throughout the Arctic.In this talk I will present a scalable modeling approach, based on the CryoGrid land surface model, to investigate the degradation of ice-wedges. The numerical model takes into account lateral fluxes of heat, water, and snow between different topographic units of polygonal tundra and simulates topographic changes resulting from melting of excess ground ice (i.e., thermokarst), and from lateral erosion of sediment. We applied the model to investigate the influence of hydrological conditions on the development of different types of ice-wedge polygons in a study area in northern Siberia. We further used projections of future climatic conditions to confine the evolution of ice-wedge polygons in a changing climate, and assessed the amount of organic matter which could thaw under different scenarios. In a related study for a study site in northern Alaska, we demonstrated that the model setup can be used to study the effect of infrastructure on the degradation of ice-wedges.Altogether, our modeling approach can be seen as a blueprint to investigate complexly inter-related processes in ice-rich permafrost landscapes, and marks a step forward towards an improved representation of these landscapes in large-scale land surface models.scapes in large-scale land surface models.)
Presenters-0442 + (The ADCIRC finite element coastal ocean mo … The ADCIRC finite element coastal ocean model is used in real time decision support services for coastal and riverine hydrodynamics, tropical cyclone winds, and ocean wave modelling for public sector agencies including NOAA, FEMA, Coast Guard, and the US Army Corps of Engineers, among others. Recent developments in ADCIRC's real time automation system, the ADCIRC Surge Guidance System (ASGS), have now enabled real time modelling of active flood control scenarios (manipulation of pumps and flood gates) for decision support during riverine floods and tropical cyclone events. During these events, the results are presented to official decision makers with the Coastal Emergency Risks Assessment (CERA) web application, an intuitive and interactive tool that integrates model data with measured data to provide situational awareness across the area of responsibility. Case study events will be described, including official decisions that have been made with the ADCIRC in North Carolina (Irene 2011), Louisiana (Mississippi River flooding in 2016), and during the 2017 and 2018 hurricane seasons for Hurricanes Harvey, Irma, Maria, Florence, and Michael.arvey, Irma, Maria, Florence, and Michael.)
Presenters-0607 + (The Basic Model Interface (BMI) has been e … The Basic Model Interface (BMI) has been extended to allow tighter coupling of model components than is available in the BMI standard. To enable tighter coupling between models, we have developed the eXtended Model Interface (XMI) which extends the BMI functionality and enables coupling within the non-linear Picard iteration loop. The XMI subdivides the BMI update function into multiple functions. This subdivision allows data from other model components to affect matrix coefficients during each MODFLOW non-linear Picard iteration. Additional functions to subdivide the update function include prepare_timestep, do_timestep, finalize_timestep, prepare_solve, solve, and finalize_solve.We have developed a hypothetical model application that simulates characteristics common to hydrologic conditions in a large part of the Netherlands. The application tightly couples MODFLOW and MetaSWAP using a shared control volume approach and XMI. MetaSWAP is meta-model that simulates the unsaturated zone using a quasi steady-state formulation based on Richards’ equation. The coupling procedure consists of the following steps. After every solution of the groundwater heads within the non-linear Picard iteration loop, MetaSWAP determines the unsaturated zone flux and primary storage coefficients while ensuring mass balance for the shared control volume. Both variables (groundwater recharge and storage coefficients) are then communicated to MODFLOW and this sequence is repeated until the MODFLOW convergence criteria are met for a time step. The hypothetical model application demonstrates that MetaSWAP makes it possible to simulate the unsaturated zone in more detail than possible with the MODFLOW Unsaturated Zone Flow (UZF) Package and simulate soil moisture-based groundwater irrigation.oil moisture-based groundwater irrigation.)
Presenters-0601 + (The CSDMS Integration Facility develops an … The CSDMS Integration Facility develops and maintains a suite of products and services with the goal of supporting research in the Earth and planetary surface processes community. This includes products such as Landlab, the Basic Model Interface, Data Components, the Model Repository, EKT Labs, and ESPIn. Examples of services include the Help Desk, Office Hours, RSEaaS, and the OpenEarthscape JupyterHub.One problem, though, is that if the community doesn't know about these products and services, then they don't get used—and, like the Old Gods in Neil Gaiman's "American Gods", they fade into obscurity. Let's break the cycle! Please join us for this clinic where we will present information about all of the products and services offered by CSDMS, and explain how they can help you accelerate your research. The clinic format will consist of a lecture (what are these products and services?), interactive exercises (how do these things work?), and listening (how can CSDMS provide better products and services?). Attendees will leave with knowledge of what CSDMS can do for them, which they can bring back to their home institutions and apply to their research and share with their colleagues. research and share with their colleagues.)
Presenters-0144 + (The CSDMS Web Modeling Tool (WMT) is the w … The CSDMS Web Modeling Tool (WMT) is the web-based successor to the desktop Component Modeling Tool (CMT). WMT presents a drag-and-drop interface that allows users to build and run coupled surface dynamics models from a web browser on a desktop, laptop or tablet computer. With WMT, a user can: * Design a coupled model from a list of available components * Edit the parameters of the model components * Save the coupled model to a server, where it can be accessed from any computer * Set run parameters, including the computer/cluster on which to run the model * Share saved modeling projects with others in the community * Submit jobs to the high-performance computing system Although WMT is web-based, the building and configuration of a model can be done offline. The user can then reconnect to save a model and submit it for a run. In this clinic we present an overview of WMT, including an explanation of the user interface, a listing of the currently available models and a discussion of how models can be run in operational mode or in reduced-input mode for teaching. We cap the clinic with a live demonstration of setting up, saving and running a coupled model on the CSDMS supercomputer system.th a live demonstration of setting up, saving and running a coupled model on the CSDMS supercomputer system.)
Presenters-0120 + (The CUAHSI Water Data Center (WDC) is comm … The CUAHSI Water Data Center (WDC) is community governed, NSF funded facility that enables data access and publication through a web services oriented architecture. The WDC maintains the largest catalog of time series water data in the world, which includes data sources that range from global to local coverage and include data sets that describe climate, streams, and soil. This session will touch upon a number of functions of the WDC including: • How can I use WDC services to fulfill NSF Data Management requirements? • What data are available through the WDC? • How can I access data? • How can I write custom software that accesses data published with the WDC? Participants should anticipate this information to be presented through slides and should expect to leave with a comprehensive understanding of the research support services offered by the WDC. START_WIDGET5dd744b2026e2aae-1END_WIDGET the research support services offered by the WDC. START_WIDGET5dd744b2026e2aae-1END_WIDGET )
Presenters-0602 + (The California Delta, where the Sacramento … The California Delta, where the Sacramento and San Joaquin Rivers come together before flowing into the San Francisco Bay, functions as the heart of California. It is here that water originating from distal parts of the state mixes and is pumped to other far-flung regions, sustaining life, economies, cultures, and one of the biggest agricultural industries in the nation. However, for decades, water allocation planning has been steeped in controversy and legal gridlock, posing challenges for adaptation to rapidly changing climatic conditions, including increasing frequency and severity of droughts and floods and long-term changes in water availability. In other major estuaries such as the Chesapeake Bay and Florida Everglades, stakeholder-engaged, open-science modeling to evaluate multifaceted tradeoffs associated with water management decisions has created inroads through controversy and gridlock. Similar approaches, applied to specific challenges such as Chinook salmon management and localized wetland restoration in the Delta, have likewise promoted adaptive behaviors. In this talk, I highlight lessons learned from those examples and discuss how the Delta science community is incorporating those lessons into a larger-scale vision of “One Delta, one science, one modeling framework.” Fundamental to this vision are commonly held best practices, including widespread adoption of FAIR principles for model, metadata, and data dissemination, common cyberinfrastructure resources, and human resources to support outreach to communities not formerly represented in the use of models and implementation of best practices.dels and implementation of best practices.)
Presenters-0115 + (The Coastline Evolution Model (CEM) addres … The Coastline Evolution Model (CEM) addresses coastline changes that arise from gradients in the net alongshore transport, over timescales that are long compared to storm cycles, and spatial scales that are larger than the cross-shore extent of the shoreface (kilometers on typical open ocean coasts). In the model, coastline morphodynamic feedbacks arise as coastline shapes determine spatial patterns of sediment flux, and gradients in that flux cause changes in shape. In this model system, waves approach from a wide range of directions, and the influences of the whole ‘wave climate’ combine to determine coastline changes and patterns. Wave shadowing—in which protruding coastline features change the local wave climates affecting other parts of the coastline—also plays a key role in coastline evolution in this model. A number of other processes or influences have been added to the model, including: river sediment input and delta evolution; effects of the composition of underlying rocks; two-way interactions between beach sediment and cliff erosion; and human shoreline stabilization. This clinic will combine 1) explanations of model principles, assumptions, and limitations with 2) the opportunity for participants to gain some familiarity with running the model, by conducting their own simple model experiments.del, by conducting their own simple model experiments.)
Presenters-0076 + (The Community Earth System Model (CESM) is … The Community Earth System Model (CESM) is a comprehensive global Earth System model. As such, it requires the representation of many coupling across the various components (land, ice, ocean, atmosphere). In this talk, I will most focus on the current and upcoming representations of the physical and chemical couplings across the Earth surface in CESM.ouplings across the Earth surface in CESM.)
Presenters-0169 + (The DAKOTA project began in 1994 with the … The DAKOTA project began in 1994 with the primary objective of reusing software interfaces to design optimization tools. Over nearly 20 years of development, it has grown into an open source toolkit supporting a broad range of iterative analyses, typically focused on high-fidelity modeling and simulation on high-performance computers. Today, DAKOTA provides a delivery vehicle for uncertainty quantification research for both the NNSA and the office of science, enabling an emphasis on predictive science for stockpile stewardship, energy, and climate mission areas. Starting with an overview of the DAKOTA architecture, this presentation will introduce processes for setting up iterative analyses, interfacing with computational simulations, and managing high-fidelity workflows. Algorithmic capabilities in optimization, calibration, sensitivity analysis, and uncertainty quantification (UQ) will be briefly overviewed, with special emphasis given to UQ. Core UQ capabilities include random sampling methods, local and global reliability methods, stochastic expansion methods, and epistemic interval propagation methods. This UQ foundation enables a variety of higher level analyses including design under uncertainty, mixed aleatory-epistemic UQ, and Bayesian inference., mixed aleatory-epistemic UQ, and Bayesian inference.)
Presenters-0135 + (The Delta Dynamics Collaboratory (DDC) is … The Delta Dynamics Collaboratory (DDC) is a four-year effort to develop an inter-disciplinary and multi-scale understanding of the interplay among and within the various sub-systems of deltas. It is funded through the National Science Foundation’s “Frontiers in Earth System Dynamics” (FESD) Program. The overall objective of the DDC is to develop tested, high-resolution, quantitative models incorporating morphodynamics, ecology, and stratigraphy to predict river delta dynamics over engineering to geologic time-scales. In this way we hope to specifically address questions of delta system dynamics, resilience, and sustainability. There are two laboratories in the DDC: a field laboratory for discovering process-interactions and testing model predictions (Wax Lake Delta, LA), and a virtual modeling laboratory. Here we report on the progress made to date in advancing models of delta processes and morphodynamic interactions.The models consist of three types: 1) reduced complexity delta models (RCDM); 2) a 2- and 3D eco-geo-morpho-dynamic sediment transport delta model; and 3) vegetation and fish population ecological models. The RCDM are focused on large-scale interactions, and as such offer the opportunity to explore aspects of system dynamics that may be harder to pick out of the details of a high-resolution model. ''DeltaRCM'' is a “2.5-D” cellular delta formation model that computes a depth-averaged flow field and bed topography as the delta evolves in time. The model adopts a Lagrangian view of transport: water and sediment fluxes are treated as a large number of "parcels" that are routed scholastically through a lattice grid. The probability field for routing the parcels is updated through time and is determined by a set of rules abstracting the governing physics of fluid flow and sediment transport. Sediment parcels are treated as "leaking buckets" that lose sediment to the bed by deposition and gains sediment from the bed by erosion. In the current version of the model sediment parcels represent coarse and fine materials respectively ("sand" and "mud"), which have different rules for routing and conditions for deposition and entrainment. DeltaRCM is able to produce delta morphology at the level of selforganized channel behaviors such as bifurcations and avulsions. The model can also record stratigraphy in terms of grain-size or deposition age. Validation work on the flow routing component of the model (''FlowRCM'') shows that the model gives reasonable channel-to-channel and channel-to-floodplain flow partitioning but falls short in predicting fine scale hydrodynamic details at fine scales (e.g., sub-channel scale). A second RCDM (Kim et al. 2009) is being modified to include self-formed channels and separate channel and floodplain elevations, treat alluvial-bedrock and bedrock-alluvial transitions in low-slope sand-bed rivers, and exploit new channel geometry closure rules for self-formed alluvial sand-bed channels developed during the course of this study.Along the lines of reduced complexity models, we have also developed a network-based modeling framework for understanding delta vulnerability to change. The deltaic system is mapped into a directed graph composed of a set of nodes (or vertices) and links (or edges) and represented by its connectivity or adjacency matrix. For flux routing a weighted adjacency matrix is used to reflect how fluxes are split downstream and to enforce mass balance. Using the proper tree representation, we show that operations on the adjacency matrix quantify several properties of interest, such as immediate or distant connectivity, distinct sub-networks, and downstream regions of influence from any point on the network. We use these representations to construct “vulnerability maps”, e.g., maps of delta locations where an imposed change in water and/or sediment fluxes would most drastically affect sediment and water delivery to the coastal zone outlets or to a specific region of the delta. Dam construction can be emulated by reducing water and sediment downstream by a given fraction, the location and operation of irrigation dykes can be varied, and different alternative management options can be evaluated in a simple yet spatially extensive framework.The current open-source state of the art in 3D delta morphodynamic modeling is Delft3DFLOW Version 6.00.00.2367 developed by Deltares, an independent, Dutch-based research institute for matters relating to water, soil and the subsurface (http://www.deltares.nl/en). We are using Delft3D 6.0 to test various hypotheses concerning the emergent behaviors of deltas subject to various sediment fluxes, basin depths, and base level variations, and to investigate the specific morphodynamics and sediment retention of Wax Lake Delta. Predictions of sand and mud transport through the various distributaries compare well with data collected by the FESD Wax Lake Team and indicate that total sediment load is rarely split equally at bifurcations, in accordance with earlier predictions. These and other studies have shown that improvements to Delft3D are needed to solve the following problems: 1) morphodynamic simulations of deltas are in part, an artifact of the underlying orthogonal grid structure; 2) the ecogeomorphic interactions are primitive; 3) the algorithm for eroding channel banks is ad hoc; and 4) simulations are restricted by computational inefficiencies. We are attempting to address these problems in collaboration with Deltares scientists. A mass-conservative, staggered, three-dimensional immersed boundary, shallow water Delft3D+ model is under development for flow on complex geometries. It allows channels to evolve independent of the underlying grid, and allows cohesive channel banks to erode laterally according to user-specified bank-erosion rules. The method consists of hybrid cut- ghost-cells: ghost cells are used for the momentum equations in order to prescribe the correct boundary condition at the immersed boundary, while cut-cells are used in the continuity equation to conserve mass. Results show that the resulting scheme is robust, does not suffer any time step limitation for small cut cells and conserves fluid mass up to machine precision. Comparisons with analytical solutions and reference numerical solutions on curvilinear grids confirm the quality of the method.To improve ecogeomorphic interactions, we have created a sub-grid vegetation-flow interaction module for Delft3D and Delft3D+ based upon the Baptist et al. (2005) equations. Baptist’s formulation is based on the theory that vegetation can be modeled as rigid cylinders, which influences the momentum calculation and turbulence structure. Vegetation is characterized by plant height, density, stem diameter, and drag coefficient in the model. The vertical flow velocity profile is divided into a constant zone of flow velocity inside the vegetated part and a logarithmic velocity profile above for submerged vegetation. Results show that in deltaic freshwater marshes, adding vegetation increases the fraction of sediment deposited inside the marsh but the vegetative roughness also forces more water into the channels, leading to more erosion in the channels and also more water by-passing the marsh surface. Thus under certain conditions, adding vegetation to freshwater marshes can reduce net deposition rates. In addition to the above-ground effects of plants, the role of roots in binding sediment is being modeled in a separate vegetation-root routine through increasing critical shear stress for erosion. When combined flow-wave shear stress is larger than a rooted-soil critical value, aggregate or block erosion occurs. The model is tested against cumulative sediment erosion and deposition on Wax Lake Delta during Hurricane Rita in 2005. The simulation shows that roots significantly change the sedimentation-erosion pattern at the marsh area by protecting the vegetated marshes from erosion.A fish dynamics model explores the co-evolution of fish populations, vegetation, and delta morphology. The model simulates the individuals of five fish species on a spatial grid of bathymetry, water levels, vegetated habitat, and basal prey. An existing version of this model uses historical water levels, together with fixed bathymetric maps, to determine water depths on each cell and its vegetation type. Model simulations follow each individual of each species through the processes of growth, reproduction, mortality, and movement. Individuals compete for space and invertebrate prey, and individuals of predatory species consume other model individuals. The sum over individuals for a species yields abundances, and the combination of abundance and growth yields productivity. We use the model to identify strong relationships between morphodynamic features (such as mouth bar hypsometry) and predicted total and species-specific fish productivity.As these models reach maturity in the next two years they will be incorporated into the CSDMS architecture and framework. All models will be open source and made freely available via the CSDMS Repository. If you have a specific immediate request please email sling@psu.edumediate request please email sling@psu.edu)
Presenters-0103 + (The Earth’s surface is a boundary layer be … The Earth’s surface is a boundary layer between internally-driven geodynamics and atmospheric forcing. In much of what we do as landscape modellers, our analysis of Earth surface can be enhanced by consideration and understanding of the substrate acted upon by hillslope, riverine and glacial processes. To explore the influence of crustal strength on patterns of fluvial incision, we use a conservative scaling rule to relate rock erodibility to field measurements of cohesive strength. In other models, grain sizes produced upon the erosion of rock are made a function of field measured fracture density values. By combining 3D geodynamic codes with landscape evolution models we are able to explore the sensitivity of surface processes to topographic and tectonic stresses, geological history, fault damage, seismic accelerations, pore pressures, and fluid flow. We present several examples where useful interpretations were made by integrating field, lab, and experimental data with geodynamic models, landscape evolution models, or a combination of both. Our examples are bias toward collisional settings – the Himalaya, the Southern Alps and Taiwan, but the approach is equally valid when considering strike-slip or extensional settings.ering strike-slip or extensional settings.)
Presenters-0034 + (The Earth’s topography is the product of s … The Earth’s topography is the product of surface vertical motions caused by tectonic processes and modulated by erosional processes that cause redistribution of mass at the Earth’s surface over a wide range of scales. The efficiency of these gravity-driven processes scales with slope (and thus topography). This also implies that the time scale needed for an orogenic system to reach steady-state between tectonic uplift and erosion must scale with the height of the topography, the tectonic uplift rate and the degree of isostatic compensation. Using simple observations from a range of presently active orogenic systems, we estimate that this time scale is comprised between 1 and 15 Myrs. From these estimates, we can also derive a “generic” erosion law based on the Stream Power Law (SPL) to be used in geodynamic models. We also show that the degree of non-linearity of the erosional laws (i.e., the value of the slope exponent) controls the rate at which topography decays once tectonic uplift ceases. This simple behavior of any slope-dependent erosion law may explain the post-orogenic longevity of Earth’s topography. The same processes that shape the Earth’s topography are, for the most, functions of the availability of moisture from the atmosphere. This has led to the conclusion that there must be a strong link between the efficiency of surface processes and climate. This link is however difficult to establish from observational evidence. For example, the effect of the Cenozoic cooling of the Earth’s climate on the efficiency of erosion in orogenic systems remains highly debated. We propose that this question is difficult to address because the wide range of erosional processes active at the Earth’s surface (such as fluvial erosion, hillslope processes, glacial abrasion, peri-glacial processes, chemical weathering, etc.) are characterized by different response times to climate perturbations. These response times may also depend on the dimensions of the topographic feature being eroded, the mean slope, the mean precipitation (or accumulation) rate and the nature of the rocks being eroded. It is therefore not surprising that a global correlation between climate change and erosional efficiency is difficult to evidence. Recent work has also shown that erosional efficiency is strongly dependent on the variability of climate and, in particular, of precipitation. We will show how this climate variability has been introduced in fluvial erosional models using a simple stochastic approach. This requires, however, that mean precipitation and precipitation variability (or storminess) be translated into mean discharge and discharge variability. This can be achieved through the use of an eco-hydrological model that requires a limited number of parameters only. To conclude we will use a surface processes model to demonstrate how tectonics, surface processes and climate interact with each other over geological time scales to create landforms that will ultimately exert a strong control on biodiversity, species richness and endemism. We will illustrate this point using the island of Madagascar as a case example.this point using the island of Madagascar as a case example.)
Presenters-0046 + (The Ensemble Framework For Flash Flood For … The Ensemble Framework For Flash Flood Forecasting (EF5) was developed to address a critical need for rapidly updating distributed hydrologic models capable of predicting flash floods. In the U.S. EF5 is used to run a 3-member ensemble forced by radar based precipitation as part of the Flooded Locations And Simulated Hydrographs (FLASH) product suite used by NWS. As part of the FLASH project a reanalysis was conducted from 2002-2011 to examine a climatology of flash flood events across the U.S. EF5 is also used by a NASA SERVIR applied science team for capacity building in East Africa. EF5 was designed with this use case in mind and as such is user-friendly with helpful error messages, cross-platform support, and open source., cross-platform support, and open source.)
Presenters-0548 + (The FAIR Principles mandate that all digit … The FAIR Principles mandate that all digital research objects should be findable, accessible, interoperable and reusable. Initially mainly perceived and applied for data, they are becoming increasingly important also for research software. We will discuss why and how FAIR principles for software differ from those for data, how software FAIRness can be assessed and measured, and what everybody can do to make their software FAIR(er). Finally, we survey community initiatives working towards the development and standardization of FAIR principles for research software, and ways to get involved.search software, and ways to get involved.)
Presenters-0087 + (The Geoscience Paper of the Future (GPF) I … The Geoscience Paper of the Future (GPF) Initiative was created to encourage geoscientists to publish papers together with their associated digital research products following best practices of reproducible articles, open science, and digital scholarship. A GPF includes: 1) Data available in a public repository, including metadata, a license specifying conditions of use, and a citation using a unique and persistent identifier; 2) Software available in a public repository, with documentation, a license for reuse, and a unique and citable using a persistent identifier; 3) Provenance of the results by explicitly describing method steps and their outcome in a workflow sketch, a formal workflow, or a provenance record. Learn to write a GPF and submit to a special section of AGU’s Earth and Space Sciences Journal. More at http://www.ontosoft.org/gpf/.al. More at http://www.ontosoft.org/gpf/.)