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Movie:Globe Wave Power + (Gravity driven waves (swell) conserve ener … Gravity driven waves (swell) conserve energy as they move through the worlds oceans. Thus it is possible to track ocean energy as it moves through the worlds oceans and interacts with land forms.Wave power is approximately calculated asE=.125(pgH^2). Where E is energy, p is the density of water, g is acceleration due to gravity and H is wave height.ation due to gravity and H is wave height.)
Movie:Plume deposition + (Heavier sediment settles first resulting in highly stratified delta formation.)
Movie:Sand Boil behind Levee + (High river water that does not overtop a l … High river water that does not overtop a levee yet, can still create a tremendous water pressure. This pressure creates a potential for groundwater seepage of the water, through the underlying, permeable aquifer into the lowlands that are protected from direct flooding by an largely impermeable levee.Sand and water start bubbling up on the floodplain; usually indicating that undermining of the levee is going on.that undermining of the levee is going on.)
Movie:Arctic Coastal Erosion Discussion + (In Arctic landscapes, recent warming has s … In Arctic landscapes, recent warming has significantly altered geomorphic process rates. Along the Beaufort Sea coastline bounding Alaska’s North Slope, the mean annual coastal erosion rate has doubled from ~7 m/yr for 1955-1979 to ~14 m/yr for 2002-2007 (Mars and Houseknecht, 2007). Locally the erosion rate can reach 30 m/yr. We aim to understanding the processes that influence coastal erosion rates; since we want to predict the response of the coast and its adjacent landscape to a rapidly changing climate, with implications for sediment and carbon fluxes, oilfield infrastructure, and animal habitat.The evolution of the permafrost bluffs on the North Slope is controlled by three conditions: length of the sea ice free season, warming sea water and wave and storm surge. During the sea ice-free season, relatively warm waters melt a notch into the ice-rich silt that comprises the 4-m tall bluffs. The bluffs ultimately fail by toppling of polygonal blocks bounded by mechanically weak ice-wedges that are spaced roughly 10-20 m apart. The toppled blocks then temporarily armor the coast against further attack. The annual coastal retreat rate is controlled by the length of the sea ice-free season, water and air temperatures, and the wave history. Honoring the high ice content of the bluff materials, it is thought that subaerial melt plays a minor role, and that the notching of the base of the bluff acts as an melting dirty ice berg. In quantitative iceberg melting models the local instantaneous melt rate goes as the product of the temperature difference between seawater and bluff material, and the wave height. Calculated instantaneous melt rate can be adjusted to account for the ambient temperature of the permafrost and the presence of non-ice material in the bluffs. Once a block is sufficiently undercut to become unstable it will fail and topple. The latter process can be described as a torque balance.cess can be described as a torque balance.)
Movie:US dams + (Large and small dam emplacement in the USA. Data shown from the National Inventory of Dams (NID).)
Movie:Modelling subglacial drainage coupled to ice flow in Greenland + (Liquid water is thought to move through th … Liquid water is thought to move through the Greenland Ice Sheet as diffuse and channelized flow, and is governed by the pressure field created by the weight of overlying ice. This 2-D model combines the governing equations for both types of flow to model the movement of water in the Greenland Ice Sheet.A video of the talk Mauro Werder gave at the CSDMS 2013 annual meeting is available on the CSDMS website, https://csdms.colorado.edu/wiki/CSDMS_2013_annual_meeting_Mauro_Werderiki/CSDMS_2013_annual_meeting_Mauro_Werder)
Movie:An Alpine Glacier's Drainage System: Gornergletscher drainage system + (Liquid water is thought to move through al … Liquid water is thought to move through alpine glaciers as diffuse and channelized flow, and is governed by the pressure field created by the weight of overlying ice. This 2-D model combines the governing equations for both types of flow to model the movement of water in the the Gornergletscher, an alpine glacier in Switzerland. A video of the talk Mauro Werder gave at the CSDMS 2013 annual meeting on glacial hydrology is available on the CSDMS website, https://csdms.colorado.edu/wiki/CSDMS_2013_annual_meeting_Mauro_Werderiki/CSDMS_2013_annual_meeting_Mauro_Werder)
Movie:The Development of An Experimental Meandering River + (Meandering rivers are ubiquitous in nature … Meandering rivers are ubiquitous in nature, but have been difficult to simulate in flumes.The snake-like pattern found in meandering rivers occurs as meanders migrate as the outer bank of a river erodes sediment, and the inner curve of a river receives deposits of sediment. of a river receives deposits of sediment.)
Movie:Pushing Sea Ice + (Movement of sea ice unto a structure is ca … Movement of sea ice unto a structure is called ice encroachment. This occurs in two dfferent modes: 'ride up' and 'pile-up'. Ride-up occurs when the ice is driven up the side slope intact, pile-up ocurs when the ice fails and buckles and bends into individual blocks. It has been assumed that pile up would be more prevalent in shallow water, due to grounding of the ice and due to the fact that a river is very closeby. The river discharge starts draining unto the sea ice by May-June and makes the sea ice more weak and vulnerable for break-up.ice more weak and vulnerable for break-up.)
Movie:Global Dams Development 1800-2010 + (Reference: Lehner, B., C. Reidy Liermann, … Reference: Lehner, B., C. Reidy Liermann, C. Revenga, C. Vörösmarty, B. Fekete, P. Crouzet, P. Döll, M. Endejan, K. Frenken, J. Magome, C. Nilsson, J.C. Robertson, R. Rodel, N. Sindorf, and D. Wisser. 2011. High-Resolution Mapping of the World's Reservoirs and Dams for Sustainable River-Flow Management. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 9:494-502. DOI: 10.1890/100125.nvironment 9:494-502. DOI: 10.1890/100125.)
Movie:Sediment and Ocean processes + (Relating nested models of different oceanographic and climate events to model large-scale processes.)
Movie:Meandering river + (Rivers channels can develop a sinuous cour … Rivers channels can develop a sinuous course through their valleys and lowlands. River with channels with high sinuosity are called meandering rivers. These systems develop over time, by outward migration of the cutbank and simultaneous growth of the pointbar.k and simultaneous growth of the pointbar.)
Movie:Arctic Sea Ice 2009 + (Sea ice has retreated far into the Arctic Ocean in the last few years, with 2007 being record low over the last 30 years. The animations shows the evolution of sea ice through winter-spring-summer and fall for 2009, which was the secondmost low year.)
Movie:PlanviewHydrograph + (See the topoflow model in the repository.)
Movie:Stratigraphy under Plume and Wave Reworking2 + (Shows the effects of reworking of different chronologically deposited sedimentary layers due to wave processes.)
Movie:Levee Blasting + (The Mississippi River floods in April and … The Mississippi River floods in April and May 2011 are among the largest and most damaging along U.S. rivers in the past century, rivaling major floods in 1927 and 1993. The river water stage points to exceedance of the 500-year flood recurrence interval. Flood waters were derived from two storm systems associated with devastating tornadoes, which dumped record rainfall on the Mississippi River watershed in April 2011In addition, snowmelt added to the high water levels and by the beginning of May the water stages were record-high. Areas along the Mississippi experiencing flooding include the states of Illinois, Missouri, Kentucky, Tennessee, Arkansas, Mississippi, and Louisiana.On May 3 and 4th, 2011 the US Army Corps of Engineers blasted breaches into the levee protecting the Bird's Point-New Madrid floodway, flooding 530 km2 of crops and farmland in Mississippi County, Missouri. The breach was induced to save Cairo, IL (population ~3000) at the confluence of the Ohio and Mississippi River and the rest of the levee system, from floodwaters. The breach displaced around 200 residents of Missouri's Mississippi and New Madrid counties, at the same time the city of Cairo was evacuated for safety, but remained unharmed.Birds Point is part of the New Madrid Floodway Project. Prompted by the Great Flood of 1927 the US Army Corps of Engineers installed an earthen levee to protect nearby farmland. The section of the Levee at Birds Point was engineered so that when the water reached 61 feet (19 m) on the nearby Cairo flood gauge, the river would over-top the levee and erode it away. This would allow the river to fill the 133,000 acres (54,000 ha) floodway and relieve pressure on the levees.systems in place at nearby Cairo and Hickman, Kentucky. This area has been engineered to allow intentional flooding but has only been used twice (1937 and 2011).The levee at Birds Point locally has a "fuse-plug design”; it contains 3,400 m of pipe that can be filled with liquid explosives and detonated to open the levee and activate the floodway. It was only the second time the floodway was ever activated on May 2, 2011, the earlier time being 1937. Three detonations took place in the late evening of May 2, and the following detonations on May 3.2, and the following detonations on May 3.)
Movie:Levee breach + (The Mississippi River floods in May 2011 a … The Mississippi River floods in May 2011 are among the largest and most damaging US floods in the past century, rivaling major floods in 1927 and 1993. The river water stage recorded point to exceedance of the 500-year flood recurrence interval. Flood waters were derived from two storm systems associated with devastating tornadoes, which dumped record rainfall on the Mississippi River watershed in April 2011. In addition, snowmelt added to the high water levels and by the beginning of May the water stages were record-high. Areas along the Mississippi experiencing flooding include the states of Illinois, Missouri, Kentucky, Tennessee, Arkansas, Mississippi, and Louisiana.On May 3, 2011 the US Army Corps of Engineers blasted a breach into the levee protecting the Bird's Point-New Madrid floodway, flooding 530 km2 of crops and farmland in Mississippi County, Missouri. The breach was induced to save Cairo, IL (population ~3000) at the confluence of the Ohio and Mississippi River and the rest of the levee system, from floodwaters. The breach displaced around 200 residents of Missouri's Mississippi and New Madrid counties, at the same time the city of Cairo was evacuated for safety, but remained unharmed.Birds Point is part of the New Madrid Floodway Project. Prompted by the Great Flood of 1927 the US Army Corps of Engineers installed an earthen levee to protect nearby farmland. The section of the Levee at Birds Point was engineered so that when the water reached 61 feet (19 m) on the nearby Cairo flood gauge, the river would over-top the levee and erode it away. This would allow the river to fill the 133,000 acres (54,000 ha) floodway and relieve pressure on the flood control systems in place at nearby Cairo, Illinois and Hickman, Kentucky. This whole area has been engineered to allow for intentional flooding but has only been used twice.The levee at Birds Point locally has a "fuse-plug design”; it contains 3,400 m of pipe that can be filled with liquid explosives and detonated to open the levee and activate the floodway. It was only the second time the floodway was ever activated on May 2, 2011, the earlier time being 1937. Three detonations took place in the late evening of May 2, and the following detonations on May 3.2, and the following detonations on May 3.)
Movie:A simulation of river bedforms + (The flow of water in rivers over loose sed … The flow of water in rivers over loose sediments can lead to self organizing patterns, such as the ripples presented in this simulation. Generally, as the strength of the flow of water increases, low-flow bed forms evolve from a flat surface, to ripples, and then dunes. As higher flows occur, anti-dunes and eventually pools and chutes form. For more information see the related papers: doi: 10.1002/wrcr.20457doi: 10.1002/wrcr.20303doi: 10.1029/2012WR011911.1002/wrcr.20303 doi: 10.1029/2012WR011911)

(The flow of water in rivers over loose sediments can lead to self organi)

Movie:LOICZ Mission + (The importance of the coastal zone as a zone of resources; ecosystem services, hydrocarbons, recreation is illustrated.)
Movie:Soil-Landscape Evolution + (This is part of a study examining the evol … This is part of a study examining the evolution of a transition region between the arid and Mediterranean climates in Israel. The main soil production process in this region is Aeolian deposition of Loess type soils. The Loess accumulation has persisted throughout the late-Pleistocene and early Holocene, peeked about 18 kyr BP and ceased about 9 kyr PB.The hillslopes in this region are now mostly depleted of soil cover with some loess patches at the foothills and deep loess deposits at the valleys (see figures). We set to examine the mechanisms and drivers (climatic and/or anthropogenic) that led to this landscape. In this animation we used the mARM4D soil-landscape model to compare the sediment transport mechanisms on one small ridge. The three synchronized 80 kyr animations are for when (1) only fluvial transport is simulated (top-left), (2) only diffusive transport is simulated (top-right) and (3) when both are simulated (bottom-right). The plot on the bottom-left of the movie shows the temporal changes in the processes parameters (based on literature analysis) representing climatic and anthropogenic effects.enting climatic and anthropogenic effects.)
Movie:Landslide Italy 2010 + (This landslide is a typical example of a d … This landslide is a typical example of a deep-seated landslide. These are landslides in which the sliding surface is below the maximum rooting depth of trees (typically to depths greater than ten meters). The video shows a scar in the hillslope of several 10's of meters high. It can also be seen that there is a very deep weathered soil (or regolith).These events typically move slowly, only several meters per year, but occasionally move faster. This is what happened in this event, the slide already showed slow movement before speeding up. The people living in the town of Maierato were evacuated in time.Whereas the video show the fresh scar, such hillslope scars can be mapped by concave scarps at the top and steep areas at the toe for many years after.eep areas at the toe for many years after.)
Movie:World dams + (This movie just indicates the emplacements of larger reservoirs over time and gives an idea of how humans are impacting and controlling the hydrological cycle)
Movie:Fetch in Arctic Ocean + (This movie loops through sea ice concentra … This movie loops through sea ice concentration in the Chukchi and Beaufort Sea. Sea ice concentration (SSC) is measured by satellites on a daily basis. SSC has been measured from 1979 onwards, and thus provides us with a relatively long time-series to assess changes in the Arctic climate. The animation loops through the year 2007, which was a relatively warm year with a low sea ice minimum.The presence of sea ice impacts the time that waves and storm surge can affect the coast. Another parameter that affects waves and storm surge is the fetch-the distance that wind blows over open water. Here we show how we calculate each day the distance to the sea ice edge over all relevant directions (the grey lines). Then we pick the the average wind direction measured at the Barrow airfield for that day, and determine the fetch length in that specific direction (the red line).in that specific direction (the red line).)
Movie:Overview tsunami Japan + (Tsunami is a Japanese word, meaning 'harbo … Tsunami is a Japanese word, meaning 'harbor wave'. Japan is affected by tsunamis relatively frequently, because it is located near a plate subduction zone. The Pacific Plate subducts beneath Japan at a very high rate of ~8cm/year. The process of thrust faulting at these plate boundaries is associated with earthquakes and subsea oceanfloor displacements that cause tsunamis.A magnitude 8.9/9.0 earthquake happened on March 11th, 2011. This was the 5th largest earthquake worldwide since 1900. According to the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), the earthquake occurred at a depth of 24.4 kilometers beneath the seafloor. The March 11 earthquake was preceded by a series of large foreshocks on March 9, including an M7.2 event, and many aftershocks keep rattling Japan in the days after.A tsunami can travel at a speed of 800km/hr in the deep ocean, but with very long wave length (about 15 min). When such a wave reaches shallower water nearshore, the wave length decreases, because its speed decreases. Then the backend of the wave starts catching up with the front end and and its amplitude starts to increase dramatically. The observations for the March 11th tsunami wave height when hitting the shoreline near Sendai are about 4m. At some localities where the water was focused due to the funneling action of the bays the wave reached a height of 7.3 m. It hit the shore about 1 hour and 10 minutes after the earthquake shock was recorded.The tsunami traveled rapidly through the Pacific Ocean and reached Hawai after 8 hours and California after 11 hours, generating waves as high as 1.5-2 m there.generating waves as high as 1.5-2 m there.)
Movie:Tsunami Japan + (Tsunami is a Japanese word, meaning 'harbo … Tsunami is a Japanese word, meaning 'harbor wave'. Japan is affected by tsunamis relatively frequently, because it is located near a plate subduction zone. The Pacific Plate subducts beneath Japan at a very high rate of ~8cm/year. The process of thrust faulting at these plate boundaries is associated with earthquakes and subsea oceanfloor displacements that cause tsunamis.A magnitude 8.9/9.0 earthquake happened on March 11th, 2011. This was the 5th largest earthquake worldwide since 1900.A tsunami can travel at a speed of 800km/hr in the deep ocean, but with very long wave length (about 15 min). When such a wave reaches shallower water nearshore, the wave length decreases, because its speed decreases. Then the backend of the wave starts catching up with the front end and and its amplitude starts to increase dramatically. The observations for the March 11th tsunami wave height when hitting the shoreline near Sendai are about 4m. It hit the shore about 1 hour and 10 minutes after the earthquake shock was recorded.s after the earthquake shock was recorded.)
Movie:WAVEWATCH III model run Mar 2008 to May 2008 + (WAVEWATCH III^TM is the third generation o … WAVEWATCH III^TM is the third generation of wave models designed by NOAA and has significant improvements from previous generations of this model and other similar models. As stated by NOAA and the developers of WAVEWATCH IIITM; “WAVEWATCH III^TM solves the random phase spectral action density balance equation for wavenumber-direction spectra.” (NOAA website) This allows the model to evolve and follow swell patterns as they are generated and travel throughout the world’s oceans based on the conservative nature of energy in gravity driven ocean swell. Additionally, in the most recent version of WAVEWATCH III^TM there are options allowing for shallow water (surf zone) physics. At this stage they are fairly crude but usable.is stage they are fairly crude but usable.)
Movie:WAVEWATCH III model run Dec 2008 to Feb 2009 + (WAVEWATCH III^TM is the third generation o … WAVEWATCH III^TM is the third generation of wave models designed by NOAA and has significant improvements from previous generations of this model and other similar models. As stated by NOAA and the developers of WAVEWATCH III^TM; “WAVEWATCH III^TM solves the random phase spectral action density balance equation for wavenumber-direction spectra.” (NOAA website) This allows the model to evolve and follow swell patterns as they are generated and travel throughout the world’s oceans based on the conservative nature of energy in gravity driven ocean swell. Additionally, in the most recent version of WAVEWATCH III^TM there are options allowing for shallow water (surf zone) physics. At this stage they are fairly crude but usable.is stage they are fairly crude but usable.)
Movie:WAVEWATCH III model run Sep 2008 to Nov 2008 + (WAVEWATCH III^TM is the third generation o … WAVEWATCH III^TM is the third generation of wave models designed by NOAA and has significant improvements from previous generations of this model and other similar models. As stated by NOAA and the developers of WAVEWATCH III^TM; “WAVEWATCH III^TM solves the random phase spectral action density balance equation for wavenumber-direction spectra.” (NOAA website) This allows the model to evolve and follow swell patterns as they are generated and travel throughout the world’s oceans based on the conservative nature of energy in gravity driven ocean swell. Additionally, in the most recent version of WAVEWATCH III^TM there are options allowing for shallow water (surf zone) physics. At this stage they are fairly crude but usable.is stage they are fairly crude but usable.)
Movie:WAVEWATCH III model run Jun 2008 to AUG 2008 + (WAVEWATCH III^TM is the third generation o … WAVEWATCH III^TM is the third generation of wave models designed by NOAA and has significant improvements from previous generations of this model and other similar models. As stated by NOAA and the developers of WAVEWATCH III^TM; “WAVEWATCH III^TM solves the random phase spectral action density balance equation for wavenumber-direction spectra.” (NOAA website) This allows the model to evolve and follow swell patterns as they are generated and travel throughout the world’s oceans based on the conservative nature of energy in gravity driven ocean swell. Additionally, in the most recent version of WAVEWATCH III^TM there are options allowing for shallow water (surf zone) physics. At this stage they are fairly crude but usable.is stage they are fairly crude but usable.)
Movie:WAVEWATCH III model run Dec 2007 to Feb 2008 + (WAVEWATCH III^TM is the third generation o … WAVEWATCH III^TM is the third generation of wave models designed by NOAA and has significant improvements from previous generations of this model and other similar models. As stated by NOAA and the developers of WAVEWATCH III^TM; “WAVEWATCH III^TM solves the random phase spectral action density balance equation for wavenumber-direction spectra.” (NOAA website) This allows the model to evolve and follow swell patterns as they are generated and travel throughout the world’s oceans based on the conservative nature of energy in gravity driven ocean swell. Additionally, in the most recent version of WAVEWATCH III^TM there are options allowing for shallow water (surf zone) physics. At this stage they are fairly crude but usable.is stage they are fairly crude but usable.)
Movie:Global Wave Power 2012 + (Wave power, P, is calculated as a function … Wave power, P, is calculated as a function of the significant wave height, Hs and wave period T (the time to complete one complete wave cycle):P=(ρg^2 )/64π H_s^2 Tρ = density of sea water, (on average 1050 kg/m3)g=gravitational constant, (9.81m/s2)π = 3.14ravitational constant, (9.81m/s2) π = 3.14)
Movie:Coastal Sediment Reworking + (With the inclusion of coastal processes the fluvial sediment becomes less stratified than when coastal processes that result in mixing aren't present.)
Movie:Longshore Sediment Deposition + (Without the effects of coastal processes that result sediment mixing the fluvial sediment deposition remains highly stratified.)
Movie:Wave height in Wax Lake during Rita + (the definition of 'significant wave height' is as follows: the significant wave height (often annotated as Hs) is defined as the mean wave height (the distance from wave trough to wave crest) of the highest third of the waves.)
Movie:Wave height in vegetated Wax Lake during Rita + (the definition of 'significant wave height' is as follows: the significant wave height (often annotated as Hs) is defined as the mean wave height (the distance from wave trough to wave crest) of the highest third of the waves.)
Movie:Wave heights during hurricane Katrina 2005 + (wave height, H, as the distance between th … wave height, H, as the distance between the wave crest and trough. Note that waves come in fields containing a large variety of heights; the wave height distribution. To describe the wave field with a single number scientists use the ‘Significant Wave Height’. The Significant Wave Height Hs, is the mean wave height of the one-third highest waves in the wave field. This measure is the closest to what a sailor on a ship would estimate as ‘the average wave height’. Apparently our eyes are drawn to see the larger waves. This movie shows the significant wave height every 3 hours, for theweek that the Katrina hurricane developed in the Caribbean and made landfall in New Orleans in the USA.d made landfall in New Orleans in the USA.)