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A list of all pages that have property "CSDMS meeting abstract presentation" with value "No abstract has been submitted". Since there have been only a few results, also nearby values are displayed.

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  • Presenters-0078  + (Landscape evolution models often generaliz … Landscape evolution models often generalize hydrology by assuming steady-state discharge to calculate channel incision. While this assumption is reasonable for smaller watersheds or larger precipitation events, non-steady hydrology is a more applicable condition for semi-arid landscapes, which are prone to short-duration, high-intensity storms. In these cases, the impact of a hydrograph (non-steady method) may be significant in determining long-term drainage basin evolution. This project links a two-dimensional hydrodynamic algorithm with a detachment-limited incision component in the Landlab modeling framework. Storms of varying intensity and duration are run across two synthetic landscapes, and incision rate is calculated throughout the hydrograph. For each case, peak discharge and total incision are compared to the values predicted by steady-state to evaluate the impact of the two hydrologic methods. We explore the impact of different critical shear stress values on total incision using the different flow methods. Finally, a watershed will be evolved to topographic steady-state using both the steady- and non-steady flow routing methods to identify differences in overall relief and drainage network configuration. Preliminary testing with no critical shear stress threshold has shown that although non-steady peak discharge is smaller than the peak predicted by the steady-state method, total incised depth from non-steady methods exceeds the steady-state derived incision depth in all storm cases. With the introduction of a incision threshold, we predict there will be cases where the steady-state method overestimates total incised depth compared to the non-steady method. Additionally, we hypothesize that watersheds evolved with the non-steady method will be characterized by decreased channel concavities. This work demonstrates that when modeling landscapes characterized by semi-arid climates, choice of hydrology method can significantly impact the resulting morphology.ificantly impact the resulting morphology.)
  • Presenters-0006  + (Landscapes developed in rock layers of dif … Landscapes developed in rock layers of differing erodibility are common on Earth, as well as on other planets. Hillslopes carved into the soft rock are typically characterized by steep, linear-to-concave up slopes or “ramps” mantled with material derived from the resistant layers above, often in the form of large blocks. To better understand the role of sediment size in hillslope evolution, we developed a 1-D numerical model of a hogback. The hybrid continuum-discrete model uses a traditional continuum treatment of soil transport while allowing for discrete, rules-based motion of large blocks of rocks. Our results show that feedbacks between weathering and transport of the blocks and underlying soft rock can create relief over time and lead to the development of concave-up slope profiles in the absence of rilling processes. In addition, the model reaches a quasi-steady state in which the topographic form and length of the ramp remains constant through time. We use an analytic approach to explore the mechanisms by which our model self-organizes to this state, including adjustment of soil depth, erosion rates, and block velocities along the ramp. An agreement of analytic solutions with the model shows that we understand its behavior well, and can carefully explore implications for hillslope evolution in the field. Current work explores the interactions between blocky hillslopes and channels in a 2-D numerical model built in Landlab. Our models provide a framework for exploring the evolution of layered landscapes and pinpoint the processes for which we require a more thorough understanding to predict their evolution over time.ding to predict their evolution over time.)
  • Presenters-0443  + (Landscapes of the US Central Lowland were … Landscapes of the US Central Lowland were repeatedly affected by the Laurentide Ice Sheet. Glacial processes diminished relief and disrupted drainage networks. Deep valleys carved by glacial meltwater were disconnected from the surrounding uplands. The upland area lacking surface water connection to the drainage network is referred to as non-contributing area (NCA). Decreasing fractions of NCA on older surfaces suggests that NCA becomes drained over time. We propose that the integration could occur via: 1) capture of NCA as channels propagate into the upland or, 2) subsurface or intermittent surface connection of NCA to external drainage networks providing increased discharge to promote channel incision. We refer the two cases as “disconnected” and “connected” since the crucial difference between them is the hydrological connection of the upland to external drainage. We investigate the differences in evolution and morphology of channel networks in low relief landscapes under disconnected and connected regimes using the LandLab landscape evolution modeling platform. We observe substantially faster rates of erosion and integration of the channel network in the connected case. The connected case also creates longer, more sinuous channels than the disconnected case. Sensitivity tests indicate that hillslope diffusivity has little influence on the evolution and morphology. The fluvial erosion coefficient has significant impact on the rate of evolution, and it influences the morphology to a lesser extent. Our results and a qualitative comparison with landscapes of the glaciated US Central Lowland suggest that connection of NCAs is a potential control on the evolution and morphology of post-glacial landscapes.and morphology of post-glacial landscapes.)
  • Presenters-0552  + (Landslides mobilize tons of sediment in th … Landslides mobilize tons of sediment in the blink of an eye. From an engineering perspective, one typically looks at topographical relief as a causal factor triggering landslides. From a geomorphological perspective, one could wonder how landslides and landslide derived sediment alter the evolution of landscapes. Curious to find out what landslides do with the evolution of landscapes? Tune in for this webinar to figure out how to use the Landlab HyLands component to address this question.yLands component to address this question.)
  • Presenters-0653  + (Launched in 2021 through a cooperative agr … Launched in 2021 through a cooperative agreement with the National Science Foundation’s Coastlines and People (CoPe) Program, the Megalopolitan Coastal Transformation Hub is a partnership among 13 institutions, focused on four intertwined goals:</br> </br>1) Doing science that is useful and used, specifically by facilitating flexible, equitable, and robust long-term planning to manage climate risk in the urban megaregion spanning Philadelphia, New Jersey, and New York City</br>2) Doing science that advances human understanding of how coastal climate hazards, coastal landforms, and human decisions at household, municipal, market, and policy scales interact to shape climate risk,</br>3) Training the next generation of leaders in transdisciplinary climate research and engagement,</br>4) Building a sustainable academic/stakeholder co-production partnership model for just, equitable, and inclusive climate action in diverse coastal, urban megaregions around the world.</br> </br>MACH's initial work has focused particularly on Philadelphia and its surroundings. Core themes within this work include:</br> </br>1) Characterization of compound flood and heat+flood hazard and risk</br>2) The role of insurance in the interrelated insurance/mortgage/ housing markets</br>3) The impacts of flood risk on municipal finances</br>4) Improving equity considerations in the design of strategies to manage flood risks</br>5) Household decision-making regarding flood risk in low-income, renter-dominated neighborhoods</br> </br>This talk will introduce MACH and highlight emerging lessons from MACH's transdisciplinary research and engagement model.isciplinary research and engagement model.)
  • Presenters-0050  + (Live demonstration)
  • Presenters-0503  + (Macrobenthic species that live within or o … Macrobenthic species that live within or on top of estuarine sediments can destabilize local mud deposits through bioturbating activities. The resulting enhanced sediment availability will affect large-scale morphological change. We numerically model two contrasting bioturbating species by means of our novel literature-based eco-morphodynamic model. We find significant effects on local mud accumulation and bed elevation change leading to a large-scale reduction in deposited mud. In turn, the species-dependent mud content redefines their habitat and constricted species abundances. Combined species runs reveal a new ecological feedback facilitating survival of the dominant species as a result of combined eco-engineering activity.sult of combined eco-engineering activity.)
  • Presenters-0032  + (Major fault systems are the primary manife … Major fault systems are the primary manifestation of localized strain at tectonic plate boundaries. Slip on faults creates topography that is constantly reworked by erosion and sediment deposition. This in turn affects the stress state of the brittle upper crust. Numerical models commonly predict that surface processes can modulate the degree of strain localization, i.e., the partitioning of strain onto a given number of master faults and/or the lifespan of individual faults. The detailed mechanisms, potential magnitude, and geological evidence for such feedbacks however remain debated. We address this problem from the perspective of continental rifts, and at the scale of individual fault-bounded structures. Half-grabens in particular constitute ideal natural laboratories to investigate brittle deformation mechanisms (e.g., fault localization, elasto-plastic flexure...) in relation to continued erosion of the master fault footwall and sediment deposition on the hanging wall. Through an energy balance approach, we show that suppressing relief development in a half-graben can significantly enhance the lifespan of its master fault if the upper crust is moderately strong. Simple geodynamic simulations where tectonic topography is either entirely leveled or perfectly preserved confirm our analytical predictions.<br><br>Natural systems, however, lie somewhere in between these two endmembers. To better represent the true efficiency of surface processes at redistributing surficial masses, we couple a 2-D long-term tectonic code with a landscape evolution model that incorporates stream power erosion, hillslope diffusion, and sediment deposition. We identify a plausible range of landscape evolution parameters through morphological analyses of real normal fault-bounded massifs from the East African Rift and Western United States. This allows us to assess the sensitivity of half-graben evolution to a documented range of rheological, climatic, and lithological conditions. We find that half-grabens that reach topographic steady-state after a short amount of extension (~1 km) are more likely to accumulate master fault offsets on par with the thickness of the upper crust. Conversely, a longer phase of topographic growth ––for example due to low rock erodibility–– will favor the initiation of a new master fault and the abandonment of the initial one. A less erodible crust could thus be more prone to extension on a series of horsts and grabens, while more erodible units would deform as long-lived half-grabens. Lithological controls on erodibility could therefore constitute a form of structural inheritance in all geodynamic contexts. of structural inheritance in all geodynamic contexts.)
  • Presenters-0473  + (Major societal and environmental challenge … Major societal and environmental challenges require forecasting how natural processes and human activities affect one another. There are many areas of the globe where climate affects water resources and therefore food availability, with major economic and social implications. Today, such analyses require significant effort to integrate highly heterogeneous models from separate disciplines, including geosciences, agriculture, economics, and social sciences. Model integration requires resolving semantic, spatio-temporal, and execution mismatches, which are largely done by hand today and may take more than two years. The Model INTegration (MINT) project will develop a modeling environment which will significantly reduce the time needed to develop new integrated models, while ensuring their utility and accuracy. Research topics to be addressed include: 1) New principle-based semiautomatic ontology generation tools for modeling variables, to ground analytic graphs to describe models and data; 2) A novel workflow compiler using abductive reasoning to hypothesize new models and data transformation steps; 3) A new data discovery and integration framework that finds new sources of data, learns to extract information from both online sources and remote sensing data, and transforms the data into the format required by the models; 4) A new methodology for spatio-temporal scale selection; 5) New knowledge-guided machine learning algorithms for model parameterization to improve accuracy; 6) A novel framework for multi-modal scalable workflow execution; and 7) Novel composable agroeconomic models.d 7) Novel composable agroeconomic models.)
  • Presenters-0498  + (Man-made objects - 'junk', bombs, artifici … Man-made objects - 'junk', bombs, artificial reefs, containers - litter the seafloor. Many of the munitions remain active (unstable) and polluting, and are a danger for seabed engineering projects. </br>We numerically modeled how they may move during powerful storms. Kinematic analysis per wave cycle (by period and orbital velocity) created a matrix of the movement probabilities, which were convolved with spatial (mapped) values of the same across the German Bight, taking bomb type and sediment type into account. The model can look at historical patterns of migration, and even predict movement in real-time as a storm evolves hour by hour.real-time as a storm evolves hour by hour.)
  • Presenters-0504  + (Mangroves are a halophytic tree communitie … Mangroves are a halophytic tree communities distributed along tropical and subtropical coastlines. They provide invaluable services, such as blue carbon storage, coastal protection and habitat for thousands of species. Despite their global importance, their responses to rapid climate change are yet to be fully understood. Particularly, it is unclear how mangroves will respond to future increases in net evaporation rates (i.e. evaporation - precipitation), which generally lead to an increase in the concentration of soil stressors such as sulfide and sulfate. We addressed this knowledge gap by collecting remote sensing data from a number of remote mangrove islands across the Caribbean and couple them with a numerical model that describes mangrove vegetated area as a function of net evaporation rate, outer edge island salinity, and hydraulic conductivity of the soil. We found that this modeling framework can capture the variability observed in our mangrove island database, suggesting that an increase in net evaporation rates lead to significant reductions in mangrove island vegetation. Moreover, based on future net evaporation rate scenarios from Global Climate models we find this trend will likely continue and predict that mangrove islands across the Caribbean will experience significant reduction in vegetated area.e significant reduction in vegetated area.)
  • Presenters-0426  + (Many geophysical models require parameters … Many geophysical models require parameters that are not tightly constrained by observational data. Calibration represents methods by which these parameters are estimated by minimizing the difference between observational data and model simulated equivalents (the objective function). Additionally, uncertainty in estimated parameters is determined.</br></br>In this clinic we will cover the basics of model calibration including: (1) determining an appropriate objective function, (2) major classes of calibration algorithms, (3) interpretation of results.</br></br>In the hands-on portion of the the clinic, we will apply multiple calibration algorithms to a simple test case. For this, we will use Dakota, a package that supports the application of many different calibration algorithms. of many different calibration algorithms.)
  • Presenters-0515  + (Many geoscientists and geoscience organiza … Many geoscientists and geoscience organizations vowed to work towards equity and committed to anti-racist action in 2020. But getting started on and staying committed to diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) work takes time, energy, and education. This clinic will be a learning and sharing space for everyone who is on a journey towards building a more equitable research unit. Everyone can participate in this clinic, regardless of whether you are just starting your journey or you have travelled many miles and whether your research unit is one person or 100 people.</br></br>The clinic will begin with discussion and thought exercises about your personal identity. We will then think about what it means for our individual research units to be diverse, equitable, and inclusive. Finally, we will discuss actions you can take to build an anti-racist research unit. Participants will be invited to share their current DEI actions and discuss how they can be adapted for, or expanded in, other settings. The clinic aims to foster an environment in which participants can learn from each other, but participants will not be required to share. Upon completion of this clinic every participant should have a plan for implementing at least one new DEI action, including milestones and accountability checks.ding milestones and accountability checks.)
  • Presenters-0598  + (Many problems of interest to CSDMS members … Many problems of interest to CSDMS members involve solving systems of conservation laws or balance laws for water wave propagation and inundation, erosion and sediment transport, landscape evolution, or for the flow of overland floods, glaciers, lava, or groundwater. It is often natural to solve these partial differential equations numerically with finite volume methods, in which the domain of interest is divided in finite grid cells and the quantities of interest within each grid cell are updated every time step due to fluxes across the cell boundaries and/or processes within the cell. I will give a brief introduction to some of the general theory of finite volume methods and considerations that affect their accuracy and numerical stability, with illustrations from some of the applications mentioned above. some of the applications mentioned above.)
  • Presenters-0497  + (Meandering is one of the most unique proce … Meandering is one of the most unique processes in Earth surface dynamics. Integrating the Kinoshita high-sinuosity curve describing meander channel planform geometry into the modified version of Beck equations describing the riverbed topography, a prototype for a synthetic riverbed topography generating model is made for idealized meandering rivers. Such method can be readily extended to apply on any arbitrary river centerline resulting in the synthetic riverbed topography model, pyRiverBed, presented herein. A meander migration and neck cutoff submodel is also embedded in pyRiverBed, however, unlike existing meander evolution models, the present model aims its emphasis towards generating the riverbed topography for each snapshot during the migration process. The present model can help meandering river researchers to interpolate field measured bathymetry data using the synthetic bed, to design non-flatbed laboratory flumes for experiments, and to initialize their hydrodynamics and sediment transport numerical models. It can also provide guidance in stream restoration projects on designing a channel with morphodynamic equilibrium bed.hannel with morphodynamic equilibrium bed.)
  • Presenters-0525  + (Melting of the Greenland Ice Sheet contrib … Melting of the Greenland Ice Sheet contributes to rising global sea levels. However, local sea level along much of the Greenland coast is falling due to postglacial rebound and a decrease in gravitational attraction from the ice sheet. This affects Greenlandic coastal communities, which have to adapt their coastal infrastructure, shipping routes, and subsistence fisheries. The “Greenland Rising” project is a collaboration between Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory and the Greenland Institute of Natural Resources that focuses on assessing and preparing for changing sea level along Greenland’s coastline. While sea level is predicted to fall, the exact magnitude varies widely depending on past and present ice change as well as the viscoelastic properties of the subsurface. I will demonstrate how current sea level change depends on these parameters and how we can integrate numerical models of glacial isostatic adjustment with observations of past sea level and present-day uplift to constrain them. I will further briefly describe the role of co-production in this project, which has allowed us to coordinate bathymetric surveys with local stakeholders from the municipality, industry, and local Hunters and Fishers organization. Combining numerical predictions of sea level change with baseline bathymetry and benthic mapping promises to provide communities with a clearer picture of future environmental change.er picture of future environmental change.)
  • Presenters-0108  + (Model analysis frameworks specify ideas by … Model analysis frameworks specify ideas by which models and data are combined to simulate a system on interest. A given modeling framework will provide methods for model parameterization, data and model error characterization, sensitivity analysis (including identifying observations and parameters important to calibration and prediction), uncertainty quantification, and so on. Some model analysis frameworks suggest a narrow range of methods, while other frameworks try to place a broader range of methods in context. Testing is required to understand how well a model analysis framework is likely to work in practice. Commonly models are constructed to produce predictions, and here the accuracy and precision of predictions are considered.<br><br>The design of meaningful tests depends in part on the timing of system dynamics. In some circumstances the predicted quantity is readily measured and changes quickly, such as for weather (temperature, wind and precipitation), floods, and hurricanes. In such cases meaningful tests involve comparing predictions and measured values and tests can be conducted daily, hourly or even more frequently. The benchmarking tests in rainfall-runoff modeling, such as HEPEX, are in this category. The theoretical rating curves of Kean and Smith provide promise for high flow predictions. Though often challenged by measurement difficulties, short timeframe systems provide the simplest circumstance for conducting meaningful tests of model analysis frameworks.<br><br>If measurements are not readily available and(or) the system responds to changes over decades or centuries, as generally occurs for climate change, saltwater intrusion of groundwater systems, and dewatering of aquifers, prediction accuracy needs to be evaluated in other ways. For example, in recent work two methods were used to identify the likely accuracy of different methods used to construct models of groundwater systems (including parameterization methods): (1) results of complex and simple models were compared and (2) cross-validation experiments. These and other tests can require massive computational resources for any but the simplest of problems. In this talk we discuss the importance of model framework testing in these longer-term circumstances and provide examples of tests from several recent publications. We further suggest that for these long-term systems, the design and performance of such tests are essential for the responsible development of model frameworks, are critical for models of these environmental systems to provide enduring insights, and are one of the most important uses of high performance computing in natural resource evaluation.uses of high performance computing in natural resource evaluation.)
  • Presenters-0579  + (Modelling and simulation are critical appr … Modelling and simulation are critical approaches to addressing geographic and environmental issues. To date, enormous relevant geo-analysis models have been developed to simulate geographic phenomena and processes that can be used to solve environmental, atmospheric and ecological problems. These models developed by different groups or people are heterogeneous and difficult to share with others. As a result, numerous international groups or organizations have designed and developed standards to unify geo-analysis models, such as OpenMI, BMI and OpenGMS-IS. Models that follow a specific standard can be shared and reused in their own standard framework, however, they still can't be reused by other standards. Thus, model interoperation may help models be shared and reused by different standards.</br>This research aims at designing an interoperability solution that can help users reuse geo-analysis models based on other standards. In this research, we discussed several solutions for model interoperation and analyzed the features of different standards. Firstly, we developed three solutions for models interoperation between different standards and discussed their advantages and disadvantages. Then, we analyzed the key features of model interoperation, including model field mapping, function conversion, data exchange, and component reorganization. Finally, we have developed an interoperability engine for interoperation between models based on OpenMI, BMI, or OpenGMS-IS. We also provided case studies (using e.g. SWMM, FDS, and the Permamodel Frost Number component) to successfully demonstrate the model interoperation.ully demonstrate the model interoperation.)
  • Presenters-0580  + (Modelling network-scale sediment (dis)conn … Modelling network-scale sediment (dis)connectivity and its response to anthropic pressures provides a foundation understanding of river processes and sediment dynamics that can be used to forecast future trajectories of river form and process.</br>We present the basin-scale, dynamic sediment connectivity model D-CASCADE, which combines concepts of network modelling with empirical sediment transport formulas to quantify spatiotemporal sediment (dis)connectivity in river networks. The D-CASCADE framework describes sediment connectivity in terms of transfer rate through space and time while accounting for several hydro-morphological and anthropic factors affecting sediment transport. Add-ons can be integrated into D-CASCADE to model local changes in river geomorphology driven by sediment-induced variations in features.</br>Here, we show an application of D-CASCADE to the well-documented Bega River catchment, NSW, Australia, where major geomorphic changes have occurred in the network post-European settlement (ES) after the 1850s, including widespread channel erosion and sediment mobilization. By introducing historic drivers of change in the correct chronological sequence, the D-CASCADE model successfully reproduced the timing and magnitude of major phases of sediment transport and associated channel adjustments over the last two centuries. With this confidence, we then ran the model to test how well it performs at estimating future trajectories of basin-scale sediment transport and sediment budgets at the river reach scale.sediment budgets at the river reach scale.)
  • Presenters-0614  + (Modelling river physical processes is of c … Modelling river physical processes is of critical importance for flood protection, river management and restoration of riverine environments. Because of the continuous increment of computational power and the development of novel numerical algorithms, numerical models are nowadays widely and standardly used. The freeware BASEMENT is a flexible tool for one and two-dimensional river process simulations that bundles solvers for hydrodynamic, morphodynamic, scalar advection-diffusion and feedbacks with riparian vegetation. The adoption of a fully costless workflow and a light GUI facilitate its broad utilization in research, practice and education.</br>In this seminar I introduce the different tools within the BASEMENT suite, present some domains of application and ongoing developments.s of application and ongoing developments.)
  • Presenters-0026  + (Modern photogrammetry allows us to make ve … Modern photogrammetry allows us to make very accurate three-dimensional models using images from consumer-grade cameras. Multiview stereo photogrammetry, also known as structure from motion (SfM) is now easily accessible. Coupled with drones, this is transformative technology that lets us all make better maps than the National Geodetic Survey could not long ago. This hands-on course will demonstrate the basic tools and provide some tips that will allow you to map your favorite field area with 3 - 5 cm horizontal resolution and vertical RMS errors of less than 10 cm. Even better resolution can be obtained for smaller areas, such as outcrops, archaeological digs, or your daughter's art project.<br>We will use Agisoft Photoscan Pro software...please download the free demo (Pro) version before the class. It works equally well on Mac, Windows, and Linux. If you have a choice, chose a machine with an NVidia graphics card. We encourage you to collect a set of images to bring to the class. Guidelines on how best to take images intended for SfM will be send around before the meeting. for SfM will be send around before the meeting.)
  • Presenters-0570  + (Montane Cloud Forests (MCFs) are globally … Montane Cloud Forests (MCFs) are globally relevant ecological zones that spend the majority of their growing season in cloud and fog. Prior eco-physiological studies have demonstrated that MCFs are incredibly efficient at assimilating CO2 during photosynthesis. This increased efficiency is attributed to how plants in these ecosystems operate within their unique microclimates. Specifically, MCF trees maintain high photosynthesis rates under fog and low cloud conditions. While this has been observed and quantified in lab and field experiments, current sub-models of plant-atmosphere interactions within Earth systems models (ESMs) cannot recreate enhanced levels of gas exchange measured in ecophysiology studies. This lack of understanding leads to high uncertainty in ESM estimates of evapotranspiration and carbon assimilation rates for MCF ecosystems. It is critical to improve our estimates of MCF hydrologic and photosynthetic processes as these ecosystems are vulnerable to drought and microclimatic conditions are likely to be altered by climate change. This talk will explore the gaps in our process-based understanding of water, energy, and carbon budgets for MCFs, how these gaps lead to uncertainties in ESMs at different spatial and temporal scales, and how we can address these gaps in future work. we can address these gaps in future work.)
  • Presenters-0009  + (Natural disasters push the process of scie … Natural disasters push the process of scientific discovery to its limits: Their enormous scale makes them difficult to recreate in the lab, their destructive power and rare occurrence limit the possibility of acquiring field data, and their profoundly nonlinear behavior over a wide range of scales poses significant modeling challenges. In this talk, I explore how we can leverage insights from four different natural systems to contribute to our fundamental scientific understanding of the role that multiphase processes play in the onset and evolution of extreme events and to our ability to mitigate associated risks. our ability to mitigate associated risks.)
  • Presenters-0012  + (No abstract)
  • Presenters-0079  + (No abstract)
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