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Movie:LandslideJapan + (A landslide is a mass movement along a fai … A landslide is a mass movement along a failure plane on a slope. Landslides occur when the stability threshold of a slope is overcome. The trigger can be abrupt, like an earthquake or more gradual due to a number of factors including:# porewater pressure built up due to extensive rainfall, snow of glacier melt. # undercutting of a slope by a river or wave erosion.Fires and deforestation that change the water infiltration capacity of a slope do influence the probability of a landslide event happening.A elaborate discussion on classification can be found here: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landslide_classificationikipedia.org/wiki/Landslide_classification)
Movie:Vulcanic Ash Cloud Iceland + (A lot of background information on this eruption can be found on: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010_eruptions_of_Eyjafjallajökull)
Movie:TidalBoreAK + (A tidal bore, also called aegir, is a tida … A tidal bore, also called aegir, is a tidal phenomenon in which the leading edge of the incoming tide forms a wave of water that travel up a river or narrow bay against the river current. As such, it is a true tidal wave.Bores occur in relatively few locations, but they do occur worldwide, usually in areas with a large tidal range (typically more than 6 m between high and low water). All these locations are shallow, narrowing rivers or fjords in which water is funneled via a broad bay. The funnel-like shape not only increases the height of the tide, but it can also decrease the duration of the flood tide down to a point where the flood appears as a sudden increase in the water level. The rising tide may force the tidal wave-front to move faster that a shallow water wave can propagate into water of that depth: T=L/(c+u) T = wave period L = wave length c = wave speed u = speed of current If the current flows counter the direction of wave propagation, then L will increase and the wave will get shorter and higher (upto the point of breaking).Bore tides come in after extreme minus low tides created by the full or new moon (Chanson, 2004).Bores take on various forms, ranging from a single breaking wavefront —like a shock wave — to ‘undular bores’ comprising a smooth wavefront followed by a train of secondary waves (whelps). Large bores can be dangerous for shipping.Rivers that do have a tidal bore include the Amazon and Orinoco Rivers, in South America, the Hoogly River in the Ganges-Brahmaputra delta, several rivers in the UK, and rivers draining into the Bay of Fundy. The largest tidal bore occurs in the Qiantang River in China, it is 9m high and travels at 40 km/hr.Tidal bores have distinct influence on sediment transport. The arrival of the borefront is associated with intense bed shear stress and bed scour. Suspended sediment is advected upwards in the wake of the tidal bore. This phase is associated with turbulent structure. The suspension of sediment is sustained by wave motion for several minutes to half an hour after the bore has passed (Chanson, 2004).for several minutes to half an hour after the bore has passed (Chanson, 2004).)
Movie:TidalBoreChina + (A tidal bore, also called aegir, is a tida … A tidal bore, also called aegir, is a tidal phenomenon in which the leading edge of the incoming tide forms a wave of water that travel up a river or narrow bay against the river current. As such, it is a true tidal wave.Bores occur in relatively few locations, but they do occur worldwide, usually in areas with a large tidal range (typically more than 6 m between high and low water). All these locations are shallow, narrowing rivers or fjords in which water is funneled via a broad bay. The funnel-like shape not only increases the height of the tide, but it can also decrease the duration of the flood tide down to a point where the flood appears as a sudden increase in the water level. The rising tide may force the tidal wave-front to move faster that a shallow water wave can propagate into water of that depth: T=L/(c+u) T = wave period L = wave length c = wave speed u = speed of current If the current flows counter the direction of wave propagation, then L will increase and the wave will get shorter and higher (upto the point of breaking).Bore tides come in after extreme minus low tides created by the full or new moon (Chanson, 2004).Bores take on various forms, ranging from a single breaking wavefront —like a shock wave — to ‘undular bores’ comprising a smooth wavefront followed by a train of secondary waves (whelps). Large bores can be dangerous for shipping.Rivers that do have a tidal bore include the Amazon and Orinoco Rivers, in South America, the Hoogly River in the Ganges-Brahmaputra delta, several rivers in the UK, and rivers draining into the Bay of Fundy. The largest tidal bore occurs in the Qiantang River in China, it is 9m high and travels at 40 km/hr.Tidal bores have distinct influence on sediment transport. The arrival of the borefront is associated with intense bed shear stress and bed scour. Suspended sediment is advected upwards in the wake of the tidal bore. This phase is associated with turbulent structure. The suspension of sediment is sustained by wave motion for several minutes to half an hour after the bore has passed (Chanson, 2004).for several minutes to half an hour after the bore has passed (Chanson, 2004).)
Movie:Summer waves + (An equilibrium beach profile results from … An equilibrium beach profile results from steady modest wave forcing during the summer. Summer wave conditions move sand onto the beach, widening its profile. Winter storm waves move sand offshore (see assocated animation.Summer and winter beach profiles are expressions of the seasonal cycle of wave energy.ions of the seasonal cycle of wave energy.)
Movie:Winter Waves + (An equilibrium winter beach profile result … An equilibrium winter beach profile results from more intense wave forcing during the winter. High winter wave conditions move sand away from the beach, cutting a wave platform. Unusually large storms may move all sands into deep water and leave skinny beaches for the early summer season.Summer waves move sand back onshore (see associated animation) both summer and winter beach profiles are expressions of the seasonal cycle of wave energy.ions of the seasonal cycle of wave energy.)
Movie:Global sediment flux + (Applied Model: WBMsed)
Movie:Open water days in 21st century + (Barnhart, K., Miller, C.R., Overeem, I., Kay. J., 2015. Mapping the future expansion of Arctic open water. Nature Climate Change. 2 November 2015.)
Movie:Barrier Island + (Barrier Islands migrate over the shelf in … Barrier Islands migrate over the shelf in response to sea level changes. The island first progrades outward, during sea level fall and then retrogrades when sea level is coming up again.A elaborate discussion on classification can be found here:http://science.howstuffworks.com/environmental/conservation/issues/barrier-island.htmtal/conservation/issues/barrier-island.htm)

Movie:WMO GRDC discharge Archives + (Based on observed data)

Movie:Effects of high horizontal displacement rates on landscape evolution & pull-apart basins formation + (Basin and Landscape Dynamics (Badlands) is … Basin and Landscape Dynamics (Badlands) is a parallel TIN-based landscape evolution model, built to simulate topography development at various space and time scales. The model is presently capable of simulating hillslope processes (linear diffusion), fluvial incision ('modified' SPL: erosion/transport/deposition), spatially and temporally varying geodynamic (horizontal + vertical displacements) and climatic forces which can be used to simulate changes in base level, as well as effects of climate changes or sea-level fluctuations.climate changes or sea-level fluctuations.)
Movie:Bed load sediment transport + (Bed load transportation is a function of t … Bed load transportation is a function of the fluid force per area, or shear stress on the stream bed. Shear stress is proportional to the specific weight of the fluid, the depth and the surface slope of the fluid. The frictional resisting force is proportional to the specific weight of the sediment and the diameter of the sediment.sediment and the diameter of the sediment.)
Movie:Bed load sediment transport close up + (Bed load transportation is a function of t … Bed load transportation is a function of the fluid force per area, or shear stress on the stream bed. Shear stress is proportional to the specific weight of the fluid, the depth and the surface slope of the fluid. The frictional resisting force is proportional to the specific weight of the sediment and the diameter of the sediment.sediment and the diameter of the sediment.)
Movie:Sheet flow bedload movement + (Bed load transportation is a function of t … Bed load transportation is a function of the fluid force per area, or shear stress on the stream bed. Shear stress is proportional to the specific weight of the fluid, the depth and the surface slope of the fluid. The frictional resisting force is proportional to the specific weight of the sediment and the diameter of the sediment.sediment and the diameter of the sediment.)
Movie:Bedload Transportation + (Bed load transportation is a function of t … Bed load transportation is a function of the fluid force per area, or shear stress on the stream bed. Shear stress is proportional to the specific weight of the fluid, the depth and the surface slope of the fluid. The frictional resisting force is proportional to the specific weight of the sediment and the diameter of the sediment.sediment and the diameter of the sediment.)
Movie:Braided Streams in a fan-delta + (Braided steams can occur in drainage basins that have high sediment content and/or in river environments that rapidly change channel depth and thus velocity such as alluvial fans, river deltas and peneplains.)
Movie:Braided Stream Morphology + (Braided steams can occur in drainage basins that have high sediment content and/or in river environments that rapidly change channel depth and thus velocity such as alluvial fans, river deltas and peneplains.)
Movie:Sinking Deltas + (Close to 0.5 billion people live on, or ne … Close to 0.5 billion people live on, or near, world deltas, inclusively in many mega-cities. Ten countries (China, India, Bangladesh, Vietnam, Indonesia, Japan, Egypt, USA, Thailand, and the Philippines) account for 73% of the people that live in the world’s coastal zone, defined as within 10 m of mean sea level. 20th-century catchment developments and population and economic growth within subsiding deltas have placed these environments and their populations under a growing risk of coastal flooding, wetland loss, shoreline retreat, and loss of infrastructure.To assess vulnerability of deltaic lowlands one has to look at a delta as a balance. A delta’s surface elevation above mean sea level can experience a vertical change relative to local mean sea level, ΔRSL. It is controlled by a summation of 5 factors: (1) ΔRSL = A - ΔE - Cn - CA ± MA delta’s Aggradation Rate (A) is determined from the volume of sediment delivered to and retained on the subaerial delta surface as new sedimentary layers due to flooding. A typically varies from 1 to 50 mm/y in deltas worldwide (See Table 1 in Syvitski et al., 2009). Most river floods bring large amounts of sediment to a delta’s surface. Reducing the number of distributary channels along with artificial levees can prohibit river flooding onto the delta plain. Flooding from ocean surges may still contribute additional turbid water. ΔE is the Eustatic Sea Level Rate determined from changes to the volume of the global ocean over time, as influenced by fluctuations in the storage of terrestrial water (e.g. glaciers, ice sheets, groundwater, lakes, and reservoirs), and fluctuations in ocean water expansion due to water temperature changes. Presently ΔE is positive and contributes ≈1.8 to 3 mm/y (IPCC, 2007) under the anthropogenic influence of global warming. The IPCC projects that sea level will rise another 21 to 71 cm by 2070, with a best estimate of 44 cm averaged globally; it is becoming increasingly clear that the major ice sheets might contribute even more water over this period.Natural Compaction (Cn), or Accelerated Compaction (CA) reduce the volume of deltaic deposits. Cn involves natural changes in the void space within sedimentary layers (e.g. dewatering, grain-packing realignment, and organic matter oxidation), and is typically ≤3 mm/y. CA is the anthropogenic contribution to volume change as a consequence of subsurface mining (oil, gas or groundwater), human-influenced soil drainage and accelerated oxidation. CA can exceed Cn by an order of magnitude. M is the typically downward vertical movement of the land surface as influenced by the redistribution of earth masses (e.g. sea level fluctuations, growth of delta deposits, growth or shrinkage of nearby ice masses, tectonics, and deep-seated thermal subsidence). M is highly variable spatially but rates are typically between 0 and -5 mm/y.rates are typically between 0 and -5 mm/y.)
Movie:Thermal Mixing at Channel Confluence + (Confluences are a common element of river … Confluences are a common element of river networks, especially in the lower reaches and the deltaic floodplain. They are characterized by large-scale turbulent motions. Confluences are even more common in braided river networks, and play an important role in reworking and transporting bedload material.working and transporting bedload material.)
Movie:Complex Flow at Channel Confluence + (Confluences are a common element of river … Confluences are a common element of river networks, especially in the lower reaches and the deltaic floodplain. They are characterized by large-scale turbulent motions. Confluences are even more common in braided river networks, and play an important role in reworking and transporting bedload material.working and transporting bedload material.)