Model help:HydroTrend: Difference between revisions
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1) Log in to the wiki | 1) Log in to the wiki | ||
2) Create a new page for each model, by using the following URL: | 2) Create a new page for each model, by using the following URL: | ||
* | * https://csdms.colorado.edu/wiki/Model help:<modelname> | ||
* Replace <modelname> with the name of a model | * Replace <modelname> with the name of a model | ||
3) Than follow the link "edit this page" | 3) Than follow the link "edit this page" | ||
* Now you will see preloaded text. Hit the button "Show Preview" at the bottom, below the edit window | * Now you will see preloaded text. Hit the button "Show Preview" at the bottom, below the edit window | ||
* You will see gray text with tag: <span class="remove_this_tag">; Remove the gray text with supporting text and add your own, Hit the button "save" and your help document is all done. | * You will see gray text with tag: <span class="remove_this_tag">; Remove the gray text with supporting text and add your own, Hit the button "save" and your help document is all done. | ||
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==Model introduction== | ==Model introduction== | ||
HydroTrend is an ANSI-standard C numerical model that creates synthetic river discharge and sediment load time series as a function of climate trends and basin morphology and has been used to study the sediment flux to a basin for basin filling models. As a drainage basin simulator, the model provides time series of daily discharge hydraulics at a river mouth, including the sediment load properties. HydroTrend was designed to provide input to lake or shelf circulation and sedimentation models | HydroTrend is an ANSI-standard C numerical model that creates synthetic river discharge and sediment load time series as a function of climate trends and basin morphology and has been used to study the sediment flux to a basin for basin filling models. As a drainage basin simulator, the model provides time series of daily discharge hydraulics at a river mouth, including the sediment load properties. HydroTrend was designed to provide input to lake or shelf circulation and sedimentation models <ref>Steckler, M., Swift, D., Syvitski, J., Goff, J., and Niedoroda, A., 1996. Modeling the sedimentology and stratigraphy of continental margins. ''Oceanography'', '''9''', 183-188. [[https://www.jstor.org/stable/43924771?seq=1#metadata_info_tab_contents web-pdf]]</ref> <ref>Syvitski, J.P.M., and Alcott, J.M., 1995. DELTA6: Numerical simulation of basin sedimentation affected by slope failure and debris flow runout. In ''Proceedings of the Pierre Beghin International Workshop on Rapid Gravitational Mass Movements'', pp. 180-195. 6-10 December, 1993, Grenoble, France.</ref>, and study the impact of land-sea fluxes given climatic change scenarios <ref>Moore, R.D., 1992. Hydrological responses to climatic variations in a glacierized watershed: inferences from a conceptual streamflow model. In ''Using Hydrometric Data to Detect and Monitor Climate Change'', Proceedings NHRI Symposium, No. 8, April (1991), pp. 9-20, NHRI Saskatoon.</ref> <ref>Syvitski, J.P.M., and Andrews, J.T., 1994. Climate change: numerical modelling of sedimentation and coastal processes, eastern Canadian Arctic. ''Arctic and Alpine research'', '''26''', 199-212.</ref>. | ||
HydroTrend simulates the major processes that occur in a river basin, including: | HydroTrend simulates the major processes that occur in a river basin, including: | ||
* Glacierized areas with advances and retreats depending on the climate scenario, | * Glacierized areas with advances and retreats depending on the climate scenario, | ||
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* Groundwater recharging and discharging, | * Groundwater recharging and discharging, | ||
* The impact of lakes and reservoirs on the stream flow as well as on the sediment load due to sediment retention. | * The impact of lakes and reservoirs on the stream flow as well as on the sediment load due to sediment retention. | ||
<br> | |||
The Hydrotrend model typically runs at daily timesteps, for a user-defined number of years. | |||
==Model parameters== | ==Model parameters== | ||
= Run Parameters = | = Run Parameters = | ||
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|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
|width="20%"| Run duration | |width="20%"| Run duration | ||
|width="60%"| Number of simulation time steps | |width="60%"| Number of simulation time steps (it is most consistent to use a multiple of 365 days) | ||
|width="20%"| [ | |width="20%"| [days] | ||
|- | |||
| Hypsometry file | |||
| Used to input hypsometry files for the model | |||
| - | |||
|- | |||
|} | |} | ||
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| The standard deviation about the trend line that the annual temperatures will have. | | The standard deviation about the trend line that the annual temperatures will have. | ||
| [°C] | | [°C] | ||
|-valign="top" | |||
| Monthly average temperature | |||
| Average temperature for each month | |||
| [°C] | |||
|-valign="top" | |||
| Standard deviation of monthly annual temperature | |||
| The standard deviation about the trend line that the monthly temperatures will have, based on daily data analysis. | |||
| [°C] | |||
|- | |||
|} | |} | ||
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!Parameter!!Description!!Unit | !Parameter!!Description!!Unit | ||
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
|width="20%"| | |width="20%"| Total annual precipitation | ||
|width="60%"| Annual total spatial river basin average precipitation rates for the beginning of the simulation | |width="60%"| Annual total spatial river basin average precipitation rates for the beginning of the simulation | ||
|width="20%"| [m/year] | |width="20%"| [m/year] | ||
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| The standard deviation about the trend line that the annual precipitation will have. | | The standard deviation about the trend line that the annual precipitation will have. | ||
| [m/year] | | [m/year] | ||
|-valign="top" | |||
|width="20%"| Total monthly precipitation for each of the months of the year | |||
|width="60%"| Total spatially-averaged river basin precipitation for each month | |||
|width="20%"| [mm] | |||
|-valign="top" | |||
| Standard deviation of mean monthly precipitation | |||
| The standard deviation for the monthly precipitation (as calculated from daily data). | |||
| [mm] | |||
|- | |||
|} | |} | ||
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|} | |} | ||
= | = Groundwater = | ||
{|{{Prettytable}} class = "wikitable unsortable" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="margin:0em 0em 0em 0;" | {|{{Prettytable}} class = "wikitable unsortable" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="margin:0em 0em 0em 0;" | ||
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|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
| Mean Velocity file | | Mean Velocity file | ||
| | | Output file prefix for variable, velocity, in NetCdf format | ||
| [-] | | [-] | ||
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
| Mean Width file | | Mean Width file | ||
| | | Output file prefix for variable, width, in NetCdf format | ||
| [-] | | [-] | ||
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
| Mean Depth file | | Mean Depth file | ||
| | | Output file prefix for variable, depth, in NetCdf format | ||
| [-] | | [-] | ||
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
| Mean Water Discharge file | | Mean Water Discharge file | ||
| | | Output file prefix for variable, water discharge, in NetCdf format | ||
| [-] | | [-] | ||
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
| Mean Sediment Discharge file | | Mean Sediment Discharge file | ||
| | | Output file prefix for variable, sediment discharge, in NetCdf format | ||
| [-] | | [-] | ||
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
| Mean Bedload Flux file | | Mean Bedload Flux file | ||
| | | Output file prefix for variable, bedload flux, in NetCdf format | ||
| [-] | | [-] | ||
|} | |} | ||
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|- | |- | ||
| Qs | | Qs | ||
| = 2ω B Q<sup>0.31</sup> A<sup>0.5</sup> R | | = 2ω B Q<sup>0.31</sup> A<sup>0.5</sup> R T | ||
| for T < 2 °C | | for T < 2 °C | ||
| = Long-term suspended sediment load at the river mouth [kg/s] <ref name="Syvitski_et_al_2007"/> | | = Long-term suspended sediment load at the river mouth [kg/s] <ref name="Syvitski_et_al_2007"/> | ||
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|- | |- | ||
|} | |} | ||
<br> | |||
<div class="NavFrame collapsed" style="text-align:left"> | |||
<div class="NavHead">Nomenclature</div> | |||
{| {{Prettytable}} class=" | <div class="NavContent"> | ||
{| {{Prettytable}} class="wikitable sortable" | |||
!Symbol!!Description!!Unit | !Symbol!!Description!!Unit | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Q | | Q | ||
| Long-term water discharge | | Long-term water discharge | ||
| | | m<sup>3</sup>/s | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Q<sub>''r''</sub> | | Q<sub>''r''</sub> | ||
| Water discharge generated by rainfall | | Water discharge generated by rainfall | ||
| | | m<sup>3</sup>/s | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Q<sub>''n''</sub> | | Q<sub>''n''</sub> | ||
| Water discharge generated by nival melt | | Water discharge generated by nival melt | ||
| | | m<sup>3</sup>/s | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Q<sub>''ice''</sub> | | Q<sub>''ice''</sub> | ||
| Water discharge generated by glacier melt | | Water discharge generated by glacier melt | ||
| | | m<sup>3</sup>/s | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Q<sub>''Ev''</sub> | | Q<sub>''Ev''</sub> | ||
| Water discharge loss by evapo-transpiration processes | | Water discharge loss by evapo-transpiration processes | ||
| | | m<sup>3</sup>/s | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Q<sub>''g''</sub> | | Q<sub>''g''</sub> | ||
| Water discharge loss or generated by ground water | | Water discharge loss or generated by ground water | ||
| | | m<sup>3</sup>/s | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Qs | | Qs | ||
| Long-term suspended sediment load (30yrs or longer) | | Long-term suspended sediment load (30yrs or longer) | ||
| | | kg/s | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ω | | ω | ||
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| A | | A | ||
| Drainage basin area | | Drainage basin area | ||
| | | km<sup>2</sup> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| R | | R | ||
| Drainage basin relief | | Drainage basin relief | ||
| | | km | ||
|- | |- | ||
| T | | T | ||
| Drainage basin temporal and spatial mean temperature | | Drainage basin temporal and spatial mean temperature | ||
| | | °C | ||
|- | |- | ||
| L | | L | ||
| Lithology factor | | Lithology factor | ||
| | | - | ||
|- | |- | ||
| T<sub>E</sub> | | T<sub>E</sub> | ||
| Trapping efficiency of reservoirs / lakes | | Trapping efficiency of reservoirs / lakes | ||
| | | - | ||
|- | |- | ||
| E<sub>h</sub> | | E<sub>h</sub> | ||
| Anthropogenic factor | | Anthropogenic factor | ||
| | | - | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Qs[''i''] | | Qs[''i''] | ||
| Daily suspended sediment load | | Daily suspended sediment load | ||
| | | kg/s | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Ψ<sub>[''i'']</sub> | | Ψ<sub>[''i'']</sub> | ||
| Daily random variable with a log-normal distribution | | Daily random variable with a log-normal distribution | ||
| | | - | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Q<sub>[''i'']</sub> | | Q<sub>[''i'']</sub> | ||
| Daily water discharge | | Daily water discharge | ||
| | | m<sup>3</sup>/s | ||
|- | |- | ||
| C<sub>a</sub> | | C<sub>a</sub> | ||
| Annual rating term coefficient with a normal distrbution | | Annual rating term coefficient with a normal distrbution | ||
| | | - | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Qb<sub>[''i'']</sub> | | Qb<sub>[''i'']</sub> | ||
| Daily bedload | | Daily bedload | ||
| | | kg/s | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ρ<sub>s</sub> | | ρ<sub>s</sub> | ||
| Sand density | | Sand density | ||
| | | kg/m<sup>3</sup> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ρ | | ρ | ||
| Fluid density | | Fluid density | ||
| | | kg/m<sup>3</sup> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| g | | g | ||
| Acceleration due to gravity | | Acceleration due to gravity | ||
| | | m/s<sup>2</sup> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| β | | β | ||
| Bedload rating term | | Bedload rating term | ||
| | | - | ||
|- | |- | ||
| S | | S | ||
| Slope of the riverbed | | Slope of the riverbed | ||
| | | m/m | ||
|- | |- | ||
| e<sub>b</sub> | | e<sub>b</sub> | ||
| Bedload efficiency | | Bedload efficiency | ||
| | | - | ||
|- | |- | ||
| λ | | λ | ||
| Limiting angle of response of sediment grains lying on the river bed | | Limiting angle of response of sediment grains lying on the river bed | ||
| | | - | ||
|- | |- | ||
| u | | u | ||
| Stream velocity | | Stream velocity | ||
| | | m/s | ||
|- | |- | ||
| u<sub>cr</sub> | | u<sub>cr</sub> | ||
| Critical stream velocity | | Critical stream velocity | ||
| | | m/s | ||
|- | |- | ||
|} | |} | ||
</div> | |||
</div> | |||
==Notes== | ==Notes== | ||
<span class="remove_this_tag"> | <span class="remove_this_tag"> | ||
'''Note 1:''' Hydrotrend Run Time in WMT is user-defined. All relevant other components in WMT run at daily timestep, thus HydroTrend runs for a number of years but it is listed in days. Example: I want to run HydroTrend for 100 years, I specify the simulation duration to be 36,500. In WMT you can not adjust for leap year (in the stand-alone ANSII C-code for HydroTrend you can run with 'real climate' input values). | |||
Note though that the simulation run time specified by the user is now rounded up to the nearest year or, if it's already an exact multiple of a year, is kept at that year. So, | |||
366 days -> 2 year | |||
365 days -> 1 year</span> | |||
<br> | |||
'''Note 2:''' If you want to upload your own hypsometry file, you will need to follow instructions on the file format precisely. More information can be found here: | |||
[[https://csdms.colorado.edu/wiki/Model:HydroTrend#HYDRO0.HYPS| Hypsometry file format nder metadata for this model]] | |||
<span class="remove_this_tag">Numerical scheme</span> | <span class="remove_this_tag">Numerical scheme</span> | ||
==Examples== | ==Examples== | ||
Line 427: | Line 447: | ||
<span class="remove_this_tag">Follow the next steps to include images / movies of simulations:</span> | <span class="remove_this_tag">Follow the next steps to include images / movies of simulations:</span> | ||
* <span class="remove_this_tag">Upload file: | * <span class="remove_this_tag">Upload file: https://csdms.colorado.edu/wiki/Special:Upload</span> | ||
* <span class="remove_this_tag">Create link to the file on your page: <nowiki>[[Image:<file name>]]</nowiki>.</span> | * <span class="remove_this_tag">Create link to the file on your page: <nowiki>[[Image:<file name>]]</nowiki>.</span> | ||
Latest revision as of 10:53, 16 October 2019
HydroTrend
Climate driven hydrological transport model
Model introduction
HydroTrend is an ANSI-standard C numerical model that creates synthetic river discharge and sediment load time series as a function of climate trends and basin morphology and has been used to study the sediment flux to a basin for basin filling models. As a drainage basin simulator, the model provides time series of daily discharge hydraulics at a river mouth, including the sediment load properties. HydroTrend was designed to provide input to lake or shelf circulation and sedimentation models [1] [2], and study the impact of land-sea fluxes given climatic change scenarios [3] [4]. HydroTrend simulates the major processes that occur in a river basin, including:
- Glacierized areas with advances and retreats depending on the climate scenario,
- Snow accumulation in the winter and melt in the subsequent spring/summer,
- Rainfall over the remaining portions of the basin with canopy evaporation,
- Groundwater recharging and discharging,
- The impact of lakes and reservoirs on the stream flow as well as on the sediment load due to sediment retention.
The Hydrotrend model typically runs at daily timesteps, for a user-defined number of years.
Model parameters
Uses ports
This will be something that the CSDMS facility will add
Provides ports
This will be something that the CSDMS facility will add
Main equations
Q | = Qr + Qn + Qice - QEv ± Qg | = Water discharge at the river mouth [m3/s] | (1) | |
Qs | = ω B Q0.31 A0.5 R T | for T ≥ 2 °C | = Long-term suspended sediment load at the river mouth [kg/s] [5] | (2a) or |
Qs | = 2ω B Q0.31 A0.5 R T | for T < 2 °C | = Long-term suspended sediment load at the river mouth [kg/s] [5] | (2b) |
B | = L (1 - TE) Eh | = Expression that capture the importance of geology and human factors. [5] | (3) | |
(Qs[i] / Qs) | = ψ[i] (Q[i] / Q)Ca | = Daily suspended sediment load at the river mouth [kg/s] [9] | (4) | |
Qb[i] | = (ρs / ρs - ρ) * (ρ g Q[i]β S eb) / (g tan λ) | when u ≥ ucr | = Daily bedload at the river mouth [kg/s] [10] | (5) |
Symbol | Description | Unit |
---|---|---|
Q | Long-term water discharge | m3/s |
Qr | Water discharge generated by rainfall | m3/s |
Qn | Water discharge generated by nival melt | m3/s |
Qice | Water discharge generated by glacier melt | m3/s |
QEv | Water discharge loss by evapo-transpiration processes | m3/s |
Qg | Water discharge loss or generated by ground water | m3/s |
Qs | Long-term suspended sediment load (30yrs or longer) | kg/s |
ω | Constant, (0.02) | [-] |
A | Drainage basin area | km2 |
R | Drainage basin relief | km |
T | Drainage basin temporal and spatial mean temperature | °C |
L | Lithology factor | - |
TE | Trapping efficiency of reservoirs / lakes | - |
Eh | Anthropogenic factor | - |
Qs[i] | Daily suspended sediment load | kg/s |
Ψ[i] | Daily random variable with a log-normal distribution | - |
Q[i] | Daily water discharge | m3/s |
Ca | Annual rating term coefficient with a normal distrbution | - |
Qb[i] | Daily bedload | kg/s |
ρs | Sand density | kg/m3 |
ρ | Fluid density | kg/m3 |
g | Acceleration due to gravity | m/s2 |
β | Bedload rating term | - |
S | Slope of the riverbed | m/m |
eb | Bedload efficiency | - |
λ | Limiting angle of response of sediment grains lying on the river bed | - |
u | Stream velocity | m/s |
ucr | Critical stream velocity | m/s |
Notes
Note 1: Hydrotrend Run Time in WMT is user-defined. All relevant other components in WMT run at daily timestep, thus HydroTrend runs for a number of years but it is listed in days. Example: I want to run HydroTrend for 100 years, I specify the simulation duration to be 36,500. In WMT you can not adjust for leap year (in the stand-alone ANSII C-code for HydroTrend you can run with 'real climate' input values).
Note though that the simulation run time specified by the user is now rounded up to the nearest year or, if it's already an exact multiple of a year, is kept at that year. So,
366 days -> 2 year 365 days -> 1 year
Note 2: If you want to upload your own hypsometry file, you will need to follow instructions on the file format precisely. More information can be found here: [Hypsometry file format nder metadata for this model] Numerical scheme
Examples
An example run with input parameters, BLD files, as well as a figure / movie of the output
Follow the next steps to include images / movies of simulations:
- Upload file: https://csdms.colorado.edu/wiki/Special:Upload
- Create link to the file on your page: [[Image:<file name>]].
See also: Help:Images or Help:Movies
Developer(s)
Key HydroTrend Papers
- Kettner, A.J., and Syvitski, J.P.M., 2008. HydroTrend version 3.0: a Climate-Driven Hydrological Transport Model that Simulates Discharge and Sediment Load leaving a River System. Computers & Geosciences, 34(10), 1170-1183, doi:10.1016/j.cageo.2008.02.008.
- Syvitski, J.P.M., Morehead, M.D. and Nicholson, M., 1998. HYDROTREND: A Climate-driven Hydrologic-Transport Model for Predicting Discharge and Sediment Loads to Lakes or Oceans. Computers & Geosciences, 24(1), 51-68, doi:10.1016/S0098-3004(97)00083-6.
- Syvitski, J.P.M., and J.M. Alcott, 1995. RIVER3: Simulation of River Discharge and Sediment Transport. Computers and Geosciences, 21(1), 89-101, doi:10.1016/0098-3004(94)00062-Y.
References
- ↑ Steckler, M., Swift, D., Syvitski, J., Goff, J., and Niedoroda, A., 1996. Modeling the sedimentology and stratigraphy of continental margins. Oceanography, 9, 183-188. [web-pdf]
- ↑ Syvitski, J.P.M., and Alcott, J.M., 1995. DELTA6: Numerical simulation of basin sedimentation affected by slope failure and debris flow runout. In Proceedings of the Pierre Beghin International Workshop on Rapid Gravitational Mass Movements, pp. 180-195. 6-10 December, 1993, Grenoble, France.
- ↑ Moore, R.D., 1992. Hydrological responses to climatic variations in a glacierized watershed: inferences from a conceptual streamflow model. In Using Hydrometric Data to Detect and Monitor Climate Change, Proceedings NHRI Symposium, No. 8, April (1991), pp. 9-20, NHRI Saskatoon.
- ↑ Syvitski, J.P.M., and Andrews, J.T., 1994. Climate change: numerical modelling of sedimentation and coastal processes, eastern Canadian Arctic. Arctic and Alpine research, 26, 199-212.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 Syvitski, J.P.M. and Milliman, J.D., 2007, Geology, geography and humans battle for dominance over the delivery of sediment to the coastal ocean. J. Geology 115, 1–19. doi:10.1086/509246
- ↑ Vörösmarty, C.J., Meybeck, M., Fekete, B., and Sharma, K. (1997) The potential of neo-Castorization on sediment transport by the global network of rivers. Human Impact on Erosion and Sedimentation, IAHS, 245, 261-273.
- ↑ Verstraeten G., and Poesen, J. (2000) Estimating trap efficiency of small reservoirs and ponds: methods and implications for the assessment of sediment yield. Progress in Physical Geography, 24, 219-251. doi:10.1177/030913330002400204
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 Leopold, L.B. and T. Maddock, 1953. “The Hydraulic Geometry of Stream Channels and Some Physiographic Implications”, U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 252.
- ↑ Morehead, M.D., Syvitski, J.P.M., Hutton, E.W.H., Peckham, S.D., 2003. Modeling the temporal variability in the flux of sediment from ungauged river basins. Global and Planetary Change, 39, 95-110. doi:10.1016/S0921-8181(03)00019-5
- ↑ Bagnold, R.A., 1966. An approach to the sediment transport problem from general physics. US Geological Survey Professional Paper, 422, 1-37.