Model help:HydroTrend: Difference between revisions
mNo edit summary |
mNo edit summary |
||
Line 28: | Line 28: | ||
==Model parameters== | ==Model parameters== | ||
= Input Files and directories = | = Input Files and directories = | ||
{|{{Prettytable}} class = "wikitable unsortable" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="margin:0em 0em 0em 0;" | {|{{Prettytable}} class = "wikitable unsortable" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="margin:0em 0em 0em 0;" | ||
|- | |- | ||
!Parameter!!Description!!Unit | !Parameter!!Description!!Unit | ||
|- | |-valign="top" | ||
|width="20%"| Input directory | |width="20%"| Input directory | ||
|width="60%"| Determine if you want to use the "GUI" interface to provide input parameter values or use a text file with the input parameters by providing the location of the file on the server | |width="60%"| Determine if you want to use the "GUI" interface to provide input parameter values or use a text file with the input parameters by providing the location of the file on the server aslkdfja;lsdkjf a;lskdjf;alskdjf a;sdlkjfa;slkdjf ;lkjasdf;lkja ;laksjdf;alskdjf a;sldkjfa;sldkjf a;slkdfja;lsdkfj as;dlkfja;lskdjf a;lsdkjfa;lskdjf a;lsdkfj;alksdjf a;lsdkfj;alskdfj ;alksdjf;alskdfj | ||
|width="20%"| [-] | |width="20%"| [-] | ||
|- | |-valign="top" | ||
| Site prefix | | Site prefix | ||
| Part of the input and output file name e.g. the name of the geographic location, or project | | Part of the input and output file name e.g. the name of the geographic location, or project | ||
| [-] | | [-] | ||
|- | |-valign="top" | ||
| Case prefix | | Case prefix | ||
| Part of the input and output file name that provides you the opportunity to do different scenario simulations for e.g. the same location, or project | | Part of the input and output file name that provides you the opportunity to do different scenario simulations for e.g. the same location, or project | ||
Line 49: | Line 49: | ||
|- | |- | ||
!Parameter!!Description!!Unit | !Parameter!!Description!!Unit | ||
|- | |-valign="top" | ||
|width="20%"|Run duration | |width="20%"|Run duration | ||
|width="60%"| | |width="60%"| | ||
Line 59: | Line 59: | ||
|- | |- | ||
!Parameter!!Description!!Unit | !Parameter!!Description!!Unit | ||
|- | |-valign="top" | ||
|width="20%"| Starting mean annual temperature | |width="20%"| Starting mean annual temperature | ||
|width="60%"| Mean annual temperature at the river mouth at the start of the simulation. (Notice: ''this is not a spatial average basin width parameter!'') | |width="60%"| Mean annual temperature at the river mouth at the start of the simulation. (Notice: ''this is not a spatial average basin width parameter!'') | ||
|width="20%"| [°C] | |width="20%"| [°C] | ||
|- | |-valign="top" | ||
| Change in mean annual temperature | | Change in mean annual temperature | ||
| The trend or change per year in the annual temperature | | The trend or change per year in the annual temperature | ||
| [°C/year] | | [°C/year] | ||
|- | |-valign="top" | ||
| Standard deviation of mean annual temperature | | Standard deviation of mean annual temperature | ||
| The standard deviation about the trend line that the annual temperatures will have. | | The standard deviation about the trend line that the annual temperatures will have. | ||
Line 77: | Line 77: | ||
|- | |- | ||
!Parameter!!Description!!Unit | !Parameter!!Description!!Unit | ||
|- | |-valign="top" | ||
|width="20%"| Starting mean annual precipitation | |width="20%"| Starting mean annual precipitation | ||
|width="60%"| Annual total spatial river basin average precipitation rates for the beginning of the simulation | |width="60%"| Annual total spatial river basin average precipitation rates for the beginning of the simulation | ||
|width="20%"| [m/year] | |width="20%"| [m/year] | ||
|- | |-valign="top" | ||
| change in mean annual precipitation | | change in mean annual precipitation | ||
| The trend or change in the total annual precipitation | | The trend or change in the total annual precipitation | ||
| [m/year/year] | | [m/year/year] | ||
|- | |-valign="top" | ||
| Standard deviation of mean annual precipitation | | Standard deviation of mean annual precipitation | ||
| The standard deviation about the trend line that the annual precipitation will have. | | The standard deviation about the trend line that the annual precipitation will have. | ||
Line 95: | Line 95: | ||
|- | |- | ||
!Parameter!!Description!!Unit | !Parameter!!Description!!Unit | ||
|- | |-valign="top" | ||
|width="20%"| Lithology factor | |width="20%"| Lithology factor | ||
|width="60%"| Sediment production varies with lithology, hard versus weak lithology: (0.5 - 3): | |width="60%"| Sediment production varies with lithology, hard versus weak lithology: (0.5 - 3): | ||
Line 105: | Line 105: | ||
* L=3 for basins having an abundance of exceptionally weak material, such as crushed rock, or loess deposits, or shifting sand dunes. | * L=3 for basins having an abundance of exceptionally weak material, such as crushed rock, or loess deposits, or shifting sand dunes. | ||
|width="20%"| [-] | |width="20%"| [-] | ||
|- | |-valign="top" | ||
| Anthropogenic facor | | Anthropogenic facor | ||
| Anthropogenic factor (0.3 - 8.0), disturbance to landscape: | | Anthropogenic factor (0.3 - 8.0), disturbance to landscape: | ||
Line 112: | Line 112: | ||
* Eh = 2.0 - 8.0: for basins with the high density population (PD > 200 km2) and GNP/capita is lower than $1K/y | * Eh = 2.0 - 8.0: for basins with the high density population (PD > 200 km2) and GNP/capita is lower than $1K/y | ||
| [-] | | [-] | ||
|- | |-valign="top" | ||
| Lapse rate | | Lapse rate | ||
| The change in temperature per change in elevation. Parameter used to determine the snow - rain transition zone | | The change in temperature per change in elevation. Parameter used to determine the snow - rain transition zone | ||
| [°C/km] | | [°C/km] | ||
|- | |-valign="top" | ||
| Starting ELA | | Starting ELA | ||
| Glacier equilibrium line altitude is the long-term balance point along a glacier. The ELA is where the amount of accumulated snow and ablated water are equal. | | Glacier equilibrium line altitude is the long-term balance point along a glacier. The ELA is where the amount of accumulated snow and ablated water are equal. | ||
| [m] | | [m] | ||
|- | |-valign="top" | ||
| Change in ELA | | Change in ELA | ||
| Is the linear change per year of the equilibrium line altitude due to a shift in the climate | | Is the linear change per year of the equilibrium line altitude due to a shift in the climate | ||
| [m/year] | | [m/year] | ||
|- | |-valign="top" | ||
| Dry precipitation (nival and ice) evaporation fraction | | Dry precipitation (nival and ice) evaporation fraction | ||
| The percentage of the dry precipitation (nival&ice) which will be evaporated. | | The percentage of the dry precipitation (nival&ice) which will be evaporated. | ||
| [-] | | [-] | ||
|- | |-valign="top" | ||
| River length | | River length | ||
| The length of the main stem of the river to determine the lag time before water reaches the river outlet. | | The length of the main stem of the river to determine the lag time before water reaches the river outlet. | ||
| [km] | | [km] | ||
|- | |-valign="top" | ||
| Mean volume of reservoir | | Mean volume of reservoir | ||
| If the reservoir capacity is more than 0.5km<sup>3</sup>, Trap Efficiency (TEbasin) will be calculated based by: (TEbasin = 1.0 - (0.05 / exp(Rvol/RQbar)<sup>0.5</sup>, where Rvol = Reservoir volume and RQbar = the mean inflow discharge)<ref>Vörösmarty, C.J., Meybeck, M., Fekete, B., and Sharma, K. (1997) The potential of neo-Castorization on sediment transport by the global network of rivers. ''Human Impact on Erosion and Sedimentation'', IAHS, '''245''', 261-273.</ref>.<br>If the reservoir capacity is less than 0.5km<sup>3</sup>, (TEbasin = ( 1.0 - (1.0 / (1 + 0.0021 *D * ((Rvol * 1e9) / Rarea)))) where Rvol = Reservoir volume and Rarea (km<sup>2</sup>) = drainage area above the Reservoir) and D, set to 0.1, represents the reservoir characteristics <ref>Verstraeten G., and Poesen, J. (2000) Estimating trap efficiency of small reservoirs and ponds: methods and implications for the assessment of sediment yield. ''Progress in Physical Geography'', '''24''', 219-251.</ref> | | If the reservoir capacity is more than 0.5km<sup>3</sup>, Trap Efficiency (TEbasin) will be calculated based by: (TEbasin = 1.0 - (0.05 / exp(Rvol/RQbar)<sup>0.5</sup>, where Rvol = Reservoir volume and RQbar = the mean inflow discharge)<ref>Vörösmarty, C.J., Meybeck, M., Fekete, B., and Sharma, K. (1997) The potential of neo-Castorization on sediment transport by the global network of rivers. ''Human Impact on Erosion and Sedimentation'', IAHS, '''245''', 261-273.</ref>.<br>If the reservoir capacity is less than 0.5km<sup>3</sup>, (TEbasin = ( 1.0 - (1.0 / (1 + 0.0021 *D * ((Rvol * 1e9) / Rarea)))) where Rvol = Reservoir volume and Rarea (km<sup>2</sup>) = drainage area above the Reservoir) and D, set to 0.1, represents the reservoir characteristics <ref>Verstraeten G., and Poesen, J. (2000) Estimating trap efficiency of small reservoirs and ponds: methods and implications for the assessment of sediment yield. ''Progress in Physical Geography'', '''24''', 219-251.</ref> | ||
| [km<sup>3</sup>] | | [km<sup>3</sup>] | ||
|- | |-valign="top" | ||
| Drainage area of reservoir | | Drainage area of reservoir | ||
| The Upstream area of the river basin that drains into the reservoir. | | The Upstream area of the river basin that drains into the reservoir. | ||
Line 146: | Line 146: | ||
|- | |- | ||
!Parameter!!Description!!Unit | !Parameter!!Description!!Unit | ||
|- | |-valign="top" | ||
|width="20%"| k | |width="20%"| k | ||
|width="60%"| River mouth velocity coefficient | |width="60%"| River mouth velocity coefficient | ||
|width="20%"| [m/s] | |width="20%"| [m/s] | ||
|- | |-valign="top" | ||
| m | | m | ||
| River mouth velocity exponent | | River mouth velocity exponent | ||
| [-] | | [-] | ||
|- | |-valign="top" | ||
| a | | a | ||
| River mouth width coefficient | | River mouth width coefficient | ||
| [m] | | [m] | ||
|- | |-valign="top" | ||
| b | | b | ||
| River mouth width exponent | | River mouth width exponent | ||
| [-] | | [-] | ||
|- | |-valign="top" | ||
| Average river mouth velocity | | Average river mouth velocity | ||
| The average stream velocity, used in the model to determine the flow routing | | The average stream velocity, used in the model to determine the flow routing | ||
| [m/s] | | [m/s] | ||
|- | |-valign="top" | ||
| Constant annual base flow | | Constant annual base flow | ||
| Base flow is typically the minimum amount of discharge that still reaches the river outlet, generated by deep ground aquifers. | | Base flow is typically the minimum amount of discharge that still reaches the river outlet, generated by deep ground aquifers. | ||
| [m<sup>3</sup>/s] | | [m<sup>3</sup>/s] | ||
|- | |-valign="top" | ||
| Trapping efficiency | | Trapping efficiency | ||
| Deltaic area typically trap sediment e.g. due to the low slope angle of the area. The fraction of deltaic trapping (0 - 1) can be provided here. | | Deltaic area typically trap sediment e.g. due to the low slope angle of the area. The fraction of deltaic trapping (0 - 1) can be provided here. | ||
| [-] | | [-] | ||
|- | |-valign="top" | ||
| Delta gradient | | Delta gradient | ||
| Delta gradient determines the slope of the riverbed that determines the amount of bedload reaching the river mouth. | | Delta gradient determines the slope of the riverbed that determines the amount of bedload reaching the river mouth. | ||
Line 185: | Line 185: | ||
|- | |- | ||
!Parameter!!Description!!Unit | !Parameter!!Description!!Unit | ||
|- | |-valign="top" | ||
|width="20%"| Maximum groundwater storage | |width="20%"| Maximum groundwater storage | ||
|width="60%"| Maximum capacity spacial averaged shallow ground water pole of the drainage basin | |width="60%"| Maximum capacity spacial averaged shallow ground water pole of the drainage basin | ||
|width="20%"| [m<sup>3</sup>] | |width="20%"| [m<sup>3</sup>] | ||
|- | |-valign="top" | ||
| Minimum groundwater storage | | Minimum groundwater storage | ||
| Minimum capacity spacial averaged shallow ground water pole of the drainage basin | | Minimum capacity spacial averaged shallow ground water pole of the drainage basin | ||
| [m<sup>3</sup>] | | [m<sup>3</sup>] | ||
|- | |-valign="top" | ||
| Initial groundwater storage | | Initial groundwater storage | ||
| Spatial averaged shallow ground water pole of the drainage basin at the start of the simulation. | | Spatial averaged shallow ground water pole of the drainage basin at the start of the simulation. | ||
| [m<sup>3</sup>] | | [m<sup>3</sup>] | ||
|- | |-valign="top" | ||
| Groundwater coefficient | | Groundwater coefficient | ||
| | | | ||
| [m<sup>3</sup>] | | [m<sup>3</sup>] | ||
|- | |-valign="top" | ||
| Groundwater exponent | | Groundwater exponent | ||
| | | | ||
| [-] | | [-] | ||
|- | |-valign="top" | ||
| Saturated hydraulic conductivity | | Saturated hydraulic conductivity | ||
| | | | ||
Line 216: | Line 216: | ||
|- | |- | ||
!Parameter!!Description!!Unit | !Parameter!!Description!!Unit | ||
|- | |-valign="top" | ||
|width="20%"|Output directory | |width="20%"|Output directory | ||
|width="60%"| | |width="60%"| | ||
|width="20%"|[-] | |width="20%"|[-] | ||
|- | |-valign="top" | ||
|Interval between output files | |Interval between output files | ||
| | | | ||
|[-] | |[-] | ||
|- | |-valign="top" | ||
|Mean Velocity file | |Mean Velocity file | ||
| | | | ||
|[-] | |[-] | ||
|- | |-valign="top" | ||
|Mean Width file | |Mean Width file | ||
| | | | ||
|[-] | |[-] | ||
|- | |-valign="top" | ||
|Mean Depth file | |Mean Depth file | ||
| | | | ||
|[-] | |[-] | ||
|- | |-valign="top" | ||
|Mean Water Discharge file | |Mean Water Discharge file | ||
| | | | ||
|[-] | |[-] | ||
|- | |-valign="top" | ||
|Mean Sediment Discharge file | |Mean Sediment Discharge file | ||
| | | | ||
|[-] | |[-] | ||
|- | |-valign="top" | ||
|Mean Bedload Flux file | |Mean Bedload Flux file | ||
| | | |
Revision as of 08:05, 2 November 2010
HydroTrend
Climate driven hydrological transport model
Model introduction
HydroTrend is an ANSI-standard C numerical model that creates synthetic river discharge and sediment load time series as a function of climate trends and basin morphology and has been used to study the sediment flux to a basin for basin filling models. As a drainage basin simulator, the model provides time series of daily discharge hydraulics at a river mouth, including the sediment load properties. HydroTrend was designed to provide input to lake or shelf circulation and sedimentation models (Steckler et al., 1996; Syvitski and Alcott, 1995b), and study the impact of land-sea fluxes given climatic change scenarios (Moore, 1992; Syvitski and Andrews, 1994). HydroTrend simulates the major processes that occur in a river basin, including:
- Glacierized areas with advances and retreats depending on the climate scenario,
- Snow accumulation in the winter and melt in the subsequent spring/summer,
- Rainfall over the remaining portions of the basin with canopy evaporation,
- Groundwater recharging and discharging,
- The impact of reservoirs.
Model parameters
Uses ports
This will be something that the CSDMS facility will add
Provides ports
This will be something that the CSDMS facility will add
Main equations
Q | = Qr + Qn + Qice - QEv ± Qg | = Water discharge at the river mouth [m3/s] | (1) | |
Qs | = ω B Q0.31 A0.5 R T | for T ≥ 2 °C | = Long-term suspended sediment load at the river mouth [kg/s] | (2a) or |
Qs | = 2ω B Q0.31 A0.5 R | for T < 2 °C | = Long-term suspended sediment load at the river mouth [kg/s] | (2b) |
B | = L (1 - TE) Eh | = importance of geology and human factors | (3) | |
(Qs[i] / Qs) | = ψ[i] (Q[i] / Q)Ca | = Daily suspended sediment load at the river mouth [kg/s] | (4) | |
Qb[i] | = (ρs / ρs - ρ) * (ρ g Q[i]β S eb) / (g tan λ) | when u ≥ ucr | = Daily bedload at the river mouth [kg/s] | (5) |
Nomenclature
Symbol | Description | Unit |
---|---|---|
Q | Long-term water discharge | [m3/s] |
Qr | Water discharge generated by rainfall | [m3/s] |
Qn | Water discharge generated by nival melt | [m3/s] |
Qice | Water discharge generated by glacier melt | [m3/s] |
QEv | Water discharge loss by evapo-transpiration processes | [m3/s] |
Qg | Water discharge loss or generated by ground water | [m3/s] |
Qs | Long-term suspended sediment load (30yrs or longer) | [kg/s] |
ω | Constant, (0.02) | [-] |
A | Drainage basin area | [km2] |
R | Drainage basin relief | [km] |
T | Drainage basin temporal and spatial mean temperature | [°C] |
L | Lithology factor | [-] |
TE | Trapping efficiency of reservoirs / lakes | [-] |
Eh | Anthropogenic factor | [-] |
Qs[i] | Daily suspended sediment load | [kg/s] |
Ψ[i] | Daily random variable with a log-normal distribution | [-] |
Q[i] | Daily water discharge | [m3/s] |
Ca | Annual rating term coefficient with a normal distrbution | [-] |
Qb[i] | Daily bedload | [kg/s] |
ρs | Sand density | [kg/m3] |
ρ | Fluid density | [kg/m3] |
g | Acceleration due to gravity | [m/s2] |
β | Bedload rating term | [-] |
S | Slope of the riverbed | [m/m] |
eb | Bedload efficiency | [-] |
λ | Limiting angle of response of sediment grains lying on the river bed | [-] |
u | Stream velocity | [m/s] |
ucr | Critical stream velocity | [m/s] |
Notes
Any notes, comments, you want to share with the user
Numerical scheme
Examples
An example run with input parameters, BLD files, as well as a figure / movie of the output
Follow the next steps to include images / movies of simulations:
- Upload file: http://csdms.colorado.edu/wiki/Special:Upload
- Create link to the file on your page: [[Image:<file name>]].
See also: Help:Images or Help:Movies
Developer(s)
Key HydroTrend Papers
- Kettner, A.J., and Syvitski, J.P.M., 2008. HydroTrend version 3.0: a Climate-Driven Hydrological Transport Model that Simulates Discharge and Sediment Load leaving a River System. Computers & Geosciences, 34(10), 1170-1183, doi:10.1016/j.cageo.2008.02.008.
- Syvitski, J.P.M., Morehead, M.D. and Nicholson, M., 1998. HYDROTREND: A Climate-driven Hydrologic-Transport Model for Predicting Discharge and Sediment Loads to Lakes or Oceans. Computers & Geosciences, 24(1), 51-68, doi:10.1016/S0098-3004(97)00083-6.
- Syvitski, J.P.M., and J.M. Alcott, 1995. RIVER3: Simulation of River Discharge and Sediment Transport. Computers and Geosciences, 21(1), 89-101, doi:10.1016/0098-3004(94)00062-Y.
References
- ↑ Vörösmarty, C.J., Meybeck, M., Fekete, B., and Sharma, K. (1997) The potential of neo-Castorization on sediment transport by the global network of rivers. Human Impact on Erosion and Sedimentation, IAHS, 245, 261-273.
- ↑ Verstraeten G., and Poesen, J. (2000) Estimating trap efficiency of small reservoirs and ponds: methods and implications for the assessment of sediment yield. Progress in Physical Geography, 24, 219-251.