Model:TopoFlow-Snowmelt-Energy Balance: Difference between revisions
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{{Model identity | |||
|Model type=Single | |||
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{{Model identity2 | |||
|ModelDomain=Hydrology | |||
|Spatial dimensions=2D | |||
|Spatialscale=Landscape-Scale, Watershed-Scale | |||
|One-line model description=Snowmelt process component (Energy Balance method) for a D8-based, spatial hydrologic model | |||
|Extended model description=This process component is part of a spatially-distributed hydrologic model called TopoFlow, but it can now be used as a stand-alone model. | |||
}} | |||
{{Start model keyword table}} | |||
{{Model keywords | |||
|Model keywords=basins | |||
}} | |||
{{End a table}} | |||
{{Modeler information | {{Modeler information | ||
|First name=Scott | |First name=Scott | ||
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|Town / City=Boulder | |Town / City=Boulder | ||
|Postal code=80305 | |Postal code=80305 | ||
|Country=United States | |||
|State=Colorado | |State=Colorado | ||
|Email address=Scott.Peckham@colorado.edu | |Email address=Scott.Peckham@colorado.edu | ||
|Phone=303-492-6752 | |Phone=303-492-6752 | ||
}} | }} | ||
{{Model technical information | {{Model technical information | ||
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|Start year development=2001 | |Start year development=2001 | ||
|Does model development still take place?=Yes | |Does model development still take place?=Yes | ||
|DevelopmentCode=Active | |||
|DevelopmentCodeYearChecked=2020 | |||
|Model availability=As code, As teaching tool | |Model availability=As code, As teaching tool | ||
|Source code availability=Through | |Source code availability=Through web repository | ||
|Source web address=https://github.com/peckhams/topoflow | |||
|Program license type=Apache public license | |Program license type=Apache public license | ||
|Memory requirements=Standard | |Memory requirements=Standard | ||
|Typical run time=Minutes to hours | |Typical run time=Minutes to hours | ||
}} | }} | ||
{{Input - Output description | {{Input - Output description | ||
|Describe input parameters=The input variables for the Energy Balance method of estimating runoff due to snowmelt are defined as follows: | |||
Q_SW = net shortwave radiation (W / m^2) | |||
Q_LW = net longwave radiation (W / m^2) | |||
T_air = air temperature (deg C) | |||
T_surf = surface (snow) temperature (deg C) | |||
RH = relative humidity (none) (in (0,1)) | |||
p_0 = atmospheric pressure (mbar) | |||
u_z = wind velocity at height z (m / s) | |||
z = reference height for wind (m) | |||
z0_air = surface roughness height (m) | |||
h0_snow = initial snow depth (m) | |||
h0_swe = initial depth, snow water equivalent (m) | |||
ρ_snow = density of the snow (kg / m^3) | |||
c_snow = specific heat capacity of snow (J / (kg deg_C)) | |||
ρ_air = density of the air (kg / m^3) | |||
c_air = specific heat capacity of air (J / (kg deg_C)) | |||
L_f = latent heat of fusion, water (J / kg) (334000) | |||
L_v = latent heat of vaporization, water (J / kg) (2500000) | |||
e_air = air vapor pressure at height z (mbar) | |||
e_surf = vapor pressure at the surface (mbar) | |||
g = gravitational constant = 9.81 (m / s^2) | |||
κ = von Karman's constant = 0.41 (unitless) | |||
The behavior of this component is controlled with a configuration (CFG) file, which may point to other files that contain input data. Here is a sample configuration (CFG) file for this component: | |||
Method code: 2 | |||
Method name: Energy_Balance | |||
Time step: Scalar 3600.00000000 (sec) | |||
Cp_snow: Scalar 2090.00000000 (J/kg/K) | |||
rho_snow: Scalar 300.00000000 (kg/m^3) | |||
c0: Scalar 2.70000005 (mm/day/deg C) | |||
T0: Scalar -0.20000000 (deg C) | |||
h0_snow: Scalar 0.50000000 (m) | |||
h0_swe: Scalar 0.15000000 (m) | |||
Save grid timestep: Scalar 60.00000000 (sec) | |||
Save mr grids: 0 Case5_2D-SMrate.rts (m/s) | |||
Save hs grids: 0 Case5_2D-hsnow.rts (m) | |||
Save sw grids: 0 Case5_2D-hswe.rts (m) | |||
Save cc grids: 0 Case5_2D-Ecc.rts (J/m^2) | |||
Save pixels timestep: Scalar 60.00000000 (sec) | |||
Save mr pixels: 0 Case5_0D-SMrate.txt (m/s) | |||
Save hs pixels: 0 Case5_0D-hsnow.txt (m) | |||
Save sw pixels: 0 Case5_0D-hswe.txt (m) | |||
Save cc pixels: 0 Case5_0D-Ecc.txt (J/m^2) | |||
|Input format=ASCII, Binary | |Input format=ASCII, Binary | ||
|Output format=ASCII, Binary | |Output format=ASCII, Binary | ||
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}} | }} | ||
{{Process description model | {{Process description model | ||
|Describe processes represented by the model=The Energy Balance method for modeling snowmelt. | |||
|Describe key physical parameters and equations=Equations Used by the Energy-Balance Method | |||
M = (1000 * Q_m) / (ρ_water * L_f) = meltrate (mm / sec) | |||
M_max = (1000 * h_snow / dt) * (ρ_water / ρ_snow) = max possible meltrate (mm / sec) | |||
dh_snow = M * (ρ_water / ρ_snow) * dt = change in snow depth (m) | |||
Q_m = Q_SW + Q_LW + Q_h + Q_e - Q_cc = energy flux used to melt snow (W / m^2) | |||
Q_h = ρ_air * c_air * D_h * (T_air - T_surf) = sensible heat flux (W / m^2) | |||
Q_e = ρ_air * L_v * D_e * (0.662 / p_0) * (e_air - e_surf) = latent heat flux (W / m^2) | |||
D_n = κ^2 * u_z / LN((z - h_snow) / z0_air)^2 = bulk exchange coefficient (neutrally stable conditions) (m / s) | |||
D_h = D_n / (1 + (10 * Ri)), (T_air > T_surf) = bulk exchange coefficient for heat (m / s) (stable) | |||
= D_n * (1 - (10 * Ri)), (Tair < Tsurf) = bulk exchange coefficient for heat (m / s) (unstable) | |||
D_e = D_h = bulk exchange coefficient for vapor (m / s) | |||
Ri = g * z * (T_air - T_surf) / (u_z^2 (T_air + 273.15)) = Richardson's number (unitless) | |||
Q_cc = (see note below) = cold content flux (W / m^2) | |||
E_cc(0) = h0_snow * ρ_snow * c_snow * (T_0 - T_snow) = initial cold content (J / m^2) (T0 = 0 now) | |||
e_air = e_sat(T_air) * RH = vapor pressure of air (mbar) | |||
e_surf = e_sat(T_surf) = vapor pressure at surface (mbar) | |||
e_sat = 6.11 * exp((17.3 * T) / (T + 237.3)) = saturation vapor pressure (mbar, not KPa), Brutsaert (1975) | |||
|Describe length scale and resolution constraints=Recommended grid cell size is around 100 meters, but can be parameterized to run with a wide range of grid cell sizes. DEM grid dimensions are typically less than 1000 columns by 1000 rows. | |Describe length scale and resolution constraints=Recommended grid cell size is around 100 meters, but can be parameterized to run with a wide range of grid cell sizes. DEM grid dimensions are typically less than 1000 columns by 1000 rows. | ||
|Describe time scale and resolution constraints=The basic stability condition is: dt < (dx / u_min), where dt is the timestep, dx is the grid cell size and u_min is the smallest velocity in the grid. This ensures that flow cannot cross a grid cell in less than one time step. Typical timesteps are on the order of seconds to minutes. Model can be run for a full year or longer, if necessary. | |Describe time scale and resolution constraints=The basic stability condition is: dt < (dx / u_min), where dt is the timestep, dx is the grid cell size and u_min is the smallest velocity in the grid. This ensures that flow cannot cross a grid cell in less than one time step. Typical timesteps are on the order of seconds to minutes. Model can be run for a full year or longer, if necessary. | ||
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}} | }} | ||
{{Documentation model | {{Documentation model | ||
|Manual model available=Yes | |Manual model available=Yes | ||
|Model website if any=This site. | |Model website if any=This site. | ||
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{{Additional comments model | {{Additional comments model | ||
|Comments=About this component: | |Comments=About this component: | ||
*This component was developed as part of the TopoFlow hydrologic model, which was originally written in IDL and had a point-and-click GUI. For more information on TopoFlow, please goto: | *This component was developed as part of the TopoFlow hydrologic model, which was originally written in IDL and had a point-and-click GUI. For more information on TopoFlow, please goto: https://csdms.colorado.edu/wiki/Model:TopoFlow. | ||
*When used from within the CSDMS Modeling Tool (CMT), this component has "config" button which launches a graphical user interface (GUI) for changing input parameters. The GUI is a tabbed dialog with a Help button at the bottom that displays HTML help in a browser window. | *When used from within the CSDMS Modeling Tool (CMT), this component has "config" button which launches a graphical user interface (GUI) for changing input parameters. The GUI is a tabbed dialog with a Help button at the bottom that displays HTML help in a browser window. | ||
*This component also has a configuration (CFG) file, with a name of the form: <case_prefix>_channels_diff_wave.cfg. This file can be edited with a text editor. | *This component also has a configuration (CFG) file, with a name of the form: <case_prefix>_channels_diff_wave.cfg. This file can be edited with a text editor. | ||
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*This model has an OpenMI-style interface, similar to OpenMI 2.0. Part of this interface is inherited from "CSDMS_base.py". | *This model has an OpenMI-style interface, similar to OpenMI 2.0. Part of this interface is inherited from "CSDMS_base.py". | ||
}} | }} | ||
{{CSDMS staff part | |||
|OpenMI compliant=No but planned | |||
|IRF interface=Yes | |||
|CMT component=Yes | |||
|CCA component=Yes | |||
}} | |||
{{Start coupled table}} | |||
{{CSDMS coupled models | |||
|Animation model name=TopoFlow | |||
}} | |||
{{CSDMS coupled models | |||
|Animation model name=TopoFlow-Meteorology | |||
}} | |||
{{CSDMS coupled models | |||
|Animation model name=TopoFlow-Infiltration-Smith-Parlange | |||
}} | |||
{{CSDMS coupled models | |||
|Animation model name=TopoFlow-Infiltration-Richards 1D | |||
}} | |||
{{CSDMS coupled models | |||
|Animation model name=TopoFlow-Infiltration-Green-Ampt | |||
}} | |||
{{CSDMS coupled models | |||
|Animation model name=Gc2d | |||
}} | |||
{{CSDMS coupled models | |||
|Animation model name=TopoFlow-Evaporation-Read File | |||
}} | |||
{{CSDMS coupled models | |||
|Animation model name=TopoFlow-Evaporation-Priestley Taylor | |||
}} | |||
{{CSDMS coupled models | |||
|Animation model name=TopoFlow-Evaporation-Energy Balance | |||
}} | |||
{{CSDMS coupled models | |||
|Animation model name=TopoFlow-Channels-Kinematic Wave | |||
}} | |||
{{CSDMS coupled models | |||
|Animation model name=TopoFlow-Channels-Dynamic Wave | |||
}} | |||
{{CSDMS coupled models | |||
|Animation model name=TopoFlow-Channels-Diffusive Wave | |||
}} | |||
{{End a table}} | |||
{{End headertab}} | |||
{{{{PAGENAME}}_autokeywords}} | |||
<!-- PLEASE USE THE "EDIT WITH FORM" BUTTON TO EDIT ABOVE CONTENTS; CONTINUE TO EDIT BELOW THIS LINE --> | <!-- PLEASE USE THE "EDIT WITH FORM" BUTTON TO EDIT ABOVE CONTENTS; CONTINUE TO EDIT BELOW THIS LINE --> | ||
==Introduction== | ==Introduction== | ||
== History == | == History == | ||
== | == References == | ||
<br>{{AddReferenceUploadButtons}}<br><br> | |||
{{#ifexist:Template:{{PAGENAME}}-citation-indices|{{{{PAGENAME}}-citation-indices}}|}}<br> | |||
{{Include_featured_references_models_cargo}}<br> | |||
== Issues == | == Issues == | ||
== Help == | == Help == | ||
[[Model help:TopoFlow-Snowmelt-Energy Balance]] | |||
== Input Files == | == Input Files == | ||
== Output Files == | == Output Files == | ||
Latest revision as of 20:16, 16 September 2020
TopoFlow-Snowmelt-Energy Balance
Metadata
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Introduction
History
References
Nr. of publications: | 1 |
Total citations: | 11 |
h-index: | 1 |
m-quotient: | 0.07 |
Featured publication(s) | Year | Model described | Type of Reference | Citations |
---|---|---|---|---|
Peckham, S.D.; 2009. Chapter 25 Geomorphometry and Spatial Hydrologic Modelling. In: (eds.)Developments in Soil Science.. 579–602. (View/edit entry) | 2009 | TopoFlow TopoFlow-Channels-Diffusive Wave TopoFlow-Channels-Dynamic Wave TopoFlow-Channels-Kinematic Wave TopoFlow-Diversions TopoFlow-Evaporation-Energy Balance TopoFlow-Evaporation-Priestley Taylor TopoFlow-Evaporation-Read File TopoFlow-Infiltration-Green-Ampt TopoFlow-Infiltration-Richards 1D TopoFlow-Infiltration-Smith-Parlange TopoFlow-Meteorology TopoFlow-Saturated Zone-Darcy Layers TopoFlow-Snowmelt-Degree-Day TopoFlow-Snowmelt-Energy Balance |
Model overview | 11 |
See more publications of TopoFlow-Snowmelt-Energy Balance |
Issues
Help
Model help:TopoFlow-Snowmelt-Energy Balance