Model:TopoFlow-Channels-Kinematic Wave: Difference between revisions
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{{Model identity | |||
|Model type=Single | |||
}} | |||
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{{End a table}} | |||
{{Model identity2 | |||
|ModelDomain=Hydrology | |||
|Spatial dimensions=2D | |||
|Spatialscale=Landscape-Scale, Watershed-Scale | |||
|One-line model description=Kinematic Wave process component for flow routing in a D8-based, spatial hydrologic model. | |||
|Extended model description=This process component is part of a spatially-distributed hydrologic model called TopoFlow, but it can now be used as a stand-alone model. The kinematic wave method (Lighthill and Whitham, 1955) is the simplest method for modeling flow in open channels. This method combines mass conservation with the simplest possible treatment of momentum conservation, namely that all terms in the general momentum equation (pressure gradient, local acceleration and convective acceleration) are neglible except the friction and gravity terms. A flow in which gravitational acceleration is exactly balanced by friction is referred to as steady, uniform flow. For these flows the water surface slope, energy slope and bed slope are all equal. | |||
}} | |||
{{Start model keyword table}} | |||
{{Model keywords | |||
|Model keywords=basins | |||
}} | |||
{{End a table}} | |||
{{Modeler information | {{Modeler information | ||
|First name=Scott | |First name=Scott | ||
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|Town / City=Boulder | |Town / City=Boulder | ||
|Postal code=80305 | |Postal code=80305 | ||
|Country=United States | |||
|State=Colorado | |State=Colorado | ||
|Email address=Scott.Peckham@colorado.edu | |Email address=Scott.Peckham@colorado.edu | ||
|Phone=303-492-6752 | |Phone=303-492-6752 | ||
}} | }} | ||
{{Model technical information | {{Model technical information | ||
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|Start year development=2001 | |Start year development=2001 | ||
|Does model development still take place?=No | |Does model development still take place?=No | ||
|DevelopmentCode=Active | |||
|DevelopmentCodeYearChecked=2020 | |||
|Model availability=As code, As teaching tool | |Model availability=As code, As teaching tool | ||
|Source code availability=Through | |Source code availability=Through web repository | ||
|Source web address=https://github.com/peckhams/topoflow | |||
|Program license type=Apache public license | |Program license type=Apache public license | ||
|Memory requirements=Standard | |Memory requirements=Standard | ||
|Typical run time=Minutes to hours | |Typical run time=Minutes to hours | ||
}} | }} | ||
{{Input - Output description | {{Input - Output description | ||
|Pre-processing software needed?= | |Describe input parameters=The input variables used for the Dynamic Wave method of routing flow in channels are defined as follows. These inputs must be provided as grids: | ||
|Post-processing software needed?= | *flow_codes = D8 flow codes (Jenson convention), (NE,E,SE,S,SW,W,NW,N) → (1,2,4,8,16,32,64,128) | ||
|Visualization software needed?= | *bed_slope = slope of the channel bed or hillslope (m / m) | ||
*Manning_n = Manning roughness parameter (s / m^1/3) | |||
*bed_width = bed width for trapezoidal cross-section (m) | |||
*bank_angle = bank angle for trapezoid (deg) (from vertical) | |||
*sinuosity = channel sinuosity (unitless) (along-channel / straight length) | |||
*init_depth = initial water depth (m) (See Notes below) | |||
These inputs can be provided as scalars or grids: | |||
*sinuosity = channel sinuosity (m/m) (along-channel / straight length) | |||
*init_depth = initial water depth (m) (See HTML help) | |||
Grids must be saved in binary files with no header. All variables should be stored as 4-byte, floating-point numbers (IEEE standard) except flow codes, which are unsigned, 1-byte integers. | |||
The behavior of this component is controlled with a configuration (CFG) file, which may point to other files that contain input data. Here is a sample configuration (CFG) file for this component: | |||
Method code: 1 | |||
Method name: Kinematic_Wave | |||
Manning flag: 1 | |||
Law of Wall flag: 0 | |||
Time step: Scalar 6.00000000 (sec) | |||
D8 flow code: Grid Treynor_flow.rtg (none) | |||
D8 slope: Grid Treynor_slope.rtg (m/m) | |||
Manning N: Grid Treynor_chan-n.rtg (s/m^(1/3)) | |||
Bed width: Grid Treynor_chan-w.rtg (m) | |||
Bank angle: Grid Treynor_chan-a.rtg (deg) | |||
Init. depth: Scalar 0.00000000 (m) | |||
Sinuosity: Scalar 1.00000000 (m/m) | |||
Save grid timestep: Scalar 60.00000000 (sec) | |||
Save Q grids: 1 Case5_2D-Q.rts (m^3/s) | |||
Save u grids: 0 Case5_2D-u.rts (m/s) | |||
Save d grids: 0 Case5_2D-d.rts (m) | |||
Save f grids: 0 Case5_2D-f.rts (none) | |||
Save pixels timestep: Scalar 60.00000000 (sec) | |||
Save Q pixels: 1 Case5_0D-Q.txt (m^3/s) | |||
Save u pixels: 0 Case5_0D-u.txt (m/s) | |||
Save d pixels: 0 Case5_0D-d.txt (m) | |||
Save f pixels: 0 Case5_0D-f.txt (none) | |||
|Input format=ASCII, Binary | |||
|Describe output parameters=This component computes the following variables, as grids: | |||
Q = discharge (m^3/s) | |||
u = flow velocity (m/s) | |||
d = flow depth (m) | |||
f = friction factor (none) | |||
Rh = hydraulic radius (m) | |||
S_free = free-surface slope (m/m) | |||
The user can choose which, if any, of these to save. Each may be saved as a grid sequence, indexed by time, in a netCDF file, at a specified sampling rate. Each may also be saved for a set of "monitored" grid cells, each specified as a (row,column) pair in a file with the name: <case_prefix>_outlets.txt. With this option, computed values are saved in a multi-column text file at a specified sampling rate. Each column in this file corresponds to a time series of values for a particular grid cell. For both options the sampling rate must no smaller than the process timestep. | |||
|Output format=ASCII, Binary | |||
|Pre-processing software needed?=Yes | |||
|Describe pre-processing software=Another program must be used to create the input grids. This includes a D8 flow grid derived from a DEM for the region to be modeled. The earlier, IDL version of TopoFlow can be used to create some of these. | |||
|Post-processing software needed?=Yes | |||
|Describe post-processing software=None, except visualization software. Grid sequences saved in netCDF files can be viewed as animations and saved as movies using VisIt. | |||
|Visualization software needed?=Yes | |||
|Other visualization software=VisIt | |||
}} | |||
{{Process description model | |||
|Describe processes represented by the model=The kinematic wave method for flow routing in the channels of a D8-based river network. | |||
|Describe key physical parameters and equations=Main equations used by this component: | |||
ΔV(i,t) = Δt * ( R(i,t) Δx Δy - Q(i,t) + Σ_k Q(k,t) ) = change in water volume (m^3), mass conservation | |||
d = {( w^2 + 4 tan(θ) V / L)^1/2 - w } / (2 tan(θ)) = mean water depth in channel segment (m) (if θ > 0) | |||
d = V / (w * L) = mean water depth in channel segment (m) (if θ = 0) | |||
Q = v * A_w = discharge of water (m3 / s) | |||
v = n^-1 * R_h^2/3 * S^1/2 = section-averaged velocity (m / s), Manning's formula | |||
v = ( g * Rh * S)^1/2 * LN( a * d / z_0) / κ = section-averaged velocity (m / s), Law of the Wall | |||
R_h = A_w / P_w = hydraulic radius (m) | |||
A_w = d * (w + (d * tan(θ))) = wetted cross-sectional area of a trapezoid (m2) | |||
P_w = w + (2 * d / cos(θ)) = wetted perimeter of a trapezoid (m) | |||
V_w = d^2 * ( L * tan(θ) ) + d * (L * w) = wetted volume of a trapezoidal channel (m) | |||
|Describe length scale and resolution constraints=Recommended grid cell size is around 100 meters, but can be parameterized to run with a wide range of grid cell sizes. DEM grid dimensions are typically less than 1000 columns by 1000 rows. | |||
|Describe time scale and resolution constraints=The basic stability condition is: dt < (dx / u_min), where dt is the timestep, dx is the grid cell size and u_min is the smallest velocity in the grid. This ensures that flow cannot cross a grid cell in less than one time step. Typical timesteps are on the order of seconds to minutes. Model can be run for a full year or longer, if necessary. | |||
|Describe any numerical limitations and issues=This model/component needs more rigorous testing. | |||
}} | |||
{{Model testing | |||
|Describe available calibration data sets=This model/component is typically not calibrated to fit data, but is run with a best guess or measured value for each input parameter. | |||
|Describe available test data sets=Available test data sets: | |||
* Treynor watershed, in the Nishnabotna River basin, Iowa, USA. | |||
* (Two large rainfall events.) | |||
* Small basin in Kentucky. | |||
* Inclined plane for testing. | |||
* Arctic watershed data from Larry Hinzman (UAF). | |||
* See /data/progs/topoflow/3.0/data on CSDMS cluster. | |||
|Describe ideal data for testing=Several test datasets are stored on the CSDMS cluster at: /data/progs/topoflow/3.0/data. | |||
}} | |||
{{Users groups model | |||
|Do you have current or future plans for collaborating with other researchers?=Collaborators include: Larry Hinzman (UAF), Bob Bolton, Anna Liljedahl (UAF), Stefan Pohl, Tom Over and others | |||
}} | }} | ||
{{Documentation model | {{Documentation model | ||
|Manual model available= | |Manual model available=Yes | ||
|Model website if any=This site. | |||
}} | |||
{{Additional comments model | |||
|Comments=About this component: | |||
*This component was developed as part of the TopoFlow hydrologic model, which was originally written in IDL and had a point-and-click GUI. For more information on TopoFlow, please goto: https://csdms.colorado.edu/wiki/Model:TopoFlow. | |||
*When used from within the CSDMS Modeling Tool (CMT), this component has "config" button which launches a graphical user interface (GUI) for changing input parameters. The GUI is a tabbed dialog with a Help button at the bottom that displays HTML help in a browser window. | |||
*This component also has a configuration (CFG) file, with a name of the form: <case_prefix>_channels_diff_wave.cfg. This file can be edited with a text editor. | |||
*The Numerical Python module (numpy) is used for fast, array-based processing. | |||
*This model has an OpenMI-style interface, similar to OpenMI 2.0. Part of this interface is inherited from "CSDMS_base.py". | |||
}} | }} | ||
{{ | {{CSDMS staff part | ||
|OpenMI compliant=No but planned | |||
|IRF interface=Yes | |||
|CMT component=Yes | |||
|CCA component=Yes | |||
}} | |||
{{Start coupled table}} | |||
{{CSDMS coupled models | |||
|Animation model name=TopoFlow | |||
}} | |||
{{CSDMS coupled models | |||
|Animation model name=TopoFlow-Meteorology | |||
}} | |||
{{CSDMS coupled models | |||
|Animation model name=TopoFlow-Snowmelt-Degree-Day | |||
}} | |||
{{CSDMS coupled models | |||
|Animation model name=TopoFlow-Snowmelt-Energy Balance | |||
}} | |||
{{CSDMS coupled models | |||
|Animation model name=TopoFlow-Evaporation-Energy Balance | |||
}} | |||
{{CSDMS coupled models | |||
|Animation model name=TopoFlow-Evaporation-Priestley Taylor | |||
}} | |||
{{CSDMS coupled models | |||
|Animation model name=TopoFlow-Evaporation-Read File | |||
}} | |||
{{CSDMS coupled models | |||
|Animation model name=TopoFlow-Infiltration-Green-Ampt | |||
}} | |||
{{CSDMS coupled models | |||
|Animation model name=TopoFlow-Infiltration-Richards 1D | |||
}} | |||
{{CSDMS coupled models | |||
|Animation model name=TopoFlow-Infiltration-Smith-Parlange | |||
}} | |||
{{CSDMS coupled models | |||
|Animation model name=TopoFlow-Saturated Zone-Darcy Law | |||
}} | |||
{{CSDMS coupled models | |||
|Animation model name=Gc2d | |||
}} | |||
{{CSDMS coupled models | |||
|Animation model name=TopoFlow-Diversions | |||
}} | |||
{{End a table}} | |||
{{End headertab}} | |||
{{{{PAGENAME}}_autokeywords}} | |||
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==Introduction== | ==Introduction== | ||
== History == | == History == | ||
== | == References == | ||
<br>{{AddReferenceUploadButtons}}<br><br> | |||
{{#ifexist:Template:{{PAGENAME}}-citation-indices|{{{{PAGENAME}}-citation-indices}}|}}<br> | |||
{{Include_featured_references_models_cargo}}<br> | |||
== Issues == | == Issues == | ||
== Help == | == Help == | ||
[[Model help:TopoFlow-Channels-Kinematic Wave]] | |||
== Input Files == | == Input Files == | ||
== Output Files == | == Output Files == | ||
Latest revision as of 20:15, 16 September 2020
TopoFlow-Channels-Kinematic Wave
Metadata
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Introduction
History
References
Nr. of publications: | 1 |
Total citations: | 11 |
h-index: | 1 |
m-quotient: | 0.07 |
Featured publication(s) | Year | Model described | Type of Reference | Citations |
---|---|---|---|---|
Peckham, S.D.; 2009. Chapter 25 Geomorphometry and Spatial Hydrologic Modelling. In: (eds.)Developments in Soil Science.. 579–602. (View/edit entry) | 2009 | TopoFlow TopoFlow-Channels-Diffusive Wave TopoFlow-Channels-Dynamic Wave TopoFlow-Channels-Kinematic Wave TopoFlow-Diversions TopoFlow-Evaporation-Energy Balance TopoFlow-Evaporation-Priestley Taylor TopoFlow-Evaporation-Read File TopoFlow-Infiltration-Green-Ampt TopoFlow-Infiltration-Richards 1D TopoFlow-Infiltration-Smith-Parlange TopoFlow-Meteorology TopoFlow-Saturated Zone-Darcy Layers TopoFlow-Snowmelt-Degree-Day TopoFlow-Snowmelt-Energy Balance |
Model overview | 11 |
See more publications of TopoFlow-Channels-Kinematic Wave |
Issues
Help
Model help:TopoFlow-Channels-Kinematic Wave