Model:Plume

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Plume

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Summary Contact Technical specs In/Output Process Testing Other Component info Also known as Model type Single Model part of larger framework Note on status model Date note status model Incorporated models or components: Spatial dimensions 2D Spatial extent Model domain Coastal, Marine One-line model description Hypopycnal sediment plume Extended model description Run a hypopycnal sediment plume Keywords: sediment transport, Name Eric Hutton Type of contact Model developer Institute / Organization CSDMS, INSTAAR, University of Colorado Postal address 1 1560 30th street Postal address 2 Town / City Boulder Postal code 80305 State Colorado Country United States Email address huttone@colorado.edu Phone Fax Supported platforms Unix, Linux, Mac OS, Windows Other platform Programming language C Other program language Code optimized Single Processor Multiple processors implemented Nr of distributed processors Nr of shared processors Start year development 1997 Does model development still take place? Yes If above answer is no, provide end year model development Code development status As is, no updates are provided When did you indicate the 'code development status'? 2020 Model availability As code Source code availability (Or provide future intension) Through web repository Source web address https://github.com/mcflugen/sedflux Source csdms web address Program license type Apache public license Program license type other Memory requirements Minimal Typical run time Seconds Describe input parameters River velocity, width, depth; Sediment concentrations Input format ASCII Other input format Describe output parameters Grid of Sediment rate in m/day for specified grain size classes Output format ASCII Other output format Pre-processing software needed? No Describe pre-processing software Post-processing software needed? No Describe post-processing software Visualization software needed? No If above answer is yes Other visualization software Describe processes represented by the model Steady-state river generated hypopycnal sediment plume Describe key physical parameters and equations 2D advection-diffusion equation Describe length scale and resolution constraints kilometers to tens of kilometers; resolution typically 10 to 100s of meters Describe time scale and resolution constraints Daily; Steady-state Describe any numerical limitations and issues Describe available calibration data sets Eel River (California), Knight and Bute Inlet (British Columbia) Upload calibration data sets if available: Describe available test data sets Upload test data sets if available: Describe ideal data for testing Do you have current or future plans for collaborating with other researchers? None Is there a manual available? No Upload manual if available: Model website if any -- Model forum / discussion board Comments -- This part will be filled out by CSDMS staff OpenMI compliant Yes BMI compliant Yes WMT component Yes PyMT component Yes Is this a data component DOI model 10.1594/IEDA/100152 For model version 2.1 Year version submitted 2011 Link to file https://csdms.colorado.edu/pub/models/doi-source-code/sedflux-10.1594.IEDA.100161-2.1.tar.gz Can be coupled with:

Model info Authors Eric Hutton Source code Go to external source code site DOI Download Plume version: 2.1 Doi: 10.1594/IEDA/100152 Model citations Nr. of publications: 4 Total citations: 133 h-index: 3 m-quotient: 0.12 QR-code Link to this page Other models by author Avulsion Bing Bio Compact Diffusion Flexure Inflow Plume Sedflux Subside WAVEWATCH III Data Component

PLUME

Plume simulates hypopycnal plumes generated by a river draining its suspended sediment load into a receiving basin. Satellite images of any river-delta emphasize the importance of river plumes. A plume’s behavior is dependent on the density contrast between the river water and the standing water (Albertson, 1950; Bates, 1953). Ocean water has a high density, and the plumes often flow buoyantly on the surface (hypopycnal). Another complementary model that deals with more rare hyperpycnal flows is Sakura. The river’s sediment concentration adds density to the freshwater, but usually the effluent remains below the density of seawater. The shape that a hypopycnal plume will have, depends on a variety of factors:

1. Angle between the river course and the coastline
2. Strength and direction of the coastal current
3. Wind direction influencing local upwelling or downwelling
4. Mixing tidal or storm energy near the river mouth
5. Latitude and thus the strength of the Coriolis effect.

The plume equations follow those of Albertson (1950) developed for a jet flowing into a steady receiving basin. Plumes of similar shape but differing concentrations result for each grain size in the model. Fine sand will generally settle rapidly, whereas clay can travel much larger distances. Naturally, this affects the geometry of the deposited sediments on the basin floor.

River dimensions, i.e. the channel width, depth and velocity at the river mouth are input conditions. In addition, river sediment concentration and settling velocities for specific grain size classes are input parameters as well. Plume is a steady-state model, meaning that it simulates constant input conditions, representative of a 'unit' event.

River dimensions for plume range over orders of magnitude, small streams of only a few meters wide have been run, as well as large continental scale rivers (for example the Ganges-Brahmaputra). Consequently, the spatial resolution of the grid is highly variable depending on the modeling objective. If plume is used in stand-alone mode, it runs events of a single day. If you are interested in exploring deposits of changing plumes over time you will need to use the PLUME model within the framework of the stratigraphic model Sedflux.

References

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Nr. of publications:	4
Total citations:	133
h-index:	3
m-quotient:	0.12

Featured publication(s)	Year	Model described	Type of Reference	Citations
Hutton, Eric W.H.; Syvitski, James P.M.; 2008. Sedflux 2.0: An advanced process-response model that generates three-dimensional stratigraphy. Computers & Geosciences, 34, 1319–1337. 10.1016/j.cageo.2008.02.013 (View/edit entry)	2008	Avulsion Diffusion Plume Sedflux Subside	Model overview	67
Syvitski, James P.; Skene, Kenneth I.; Nicholson, Murray K.; Morehead, Mark D.; 1998. PLUME1.1: Deposition of sediment from a fluvial plume. Computers & Geosciences, 24, 159–171. 10.1016/S0098-3004(97)00084-8 (View/edit entry)	1998	Plume	Model overview	54
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Help

Model_help:Plume

Help on Model Output

PLUME generates a comma separated (*.csv) file which shows sedimentation rates per specified grain size class in m/day for the entire model grid.

Half of the model grid is land, the other half is the receiving marine or lake basin as shown in the accompanying figure. The sedimentation rate for the first specified grainsize is listed for every gridcell. The small plume in the example is visible in the middle of the grid.

Then the grid repeats itself for the next grainsize, of which the plume has a different shape and sedimentation rate. So a grid of 2000m basin width and length, with gridcells of 10 by 10 m will have 400 rows by 200 columns, if the simulation was only run for two grain size classes.

This would repeat on to match the total number of simulated grain size classes.

Help on Simple Matlab Visualization of Output

If you want to use PLUME output with Matlab you will have to cut off the header lines of the file in a text editor. These are just a couple of commands to get started with analyzing the output.

In Matlab use the following commands:

To import your generated output file: <geshi lang=matlab> > c=dlmread('*.csv'); </geshi>

To create a planview map the plumes:

> imagesc(c);

Usually the first grain size is the coarser fraction traveling in suspension, but it is dependent on your input file. If you just want to create a planview map of a single grainsize plume:

> cg1=c(101:200,:);
> cg2=c(301:400,:);
> imagesc(cg1)
> figure
> imagesc(cg2)

If you want the plume area of all cells with more than a certain threshold of sediment deposited, in this example all area with more than 0.005m deposits, you can get the no-of-gridcells that contain layers thicker than a certain threshold:

> n=sum(sum(cg1>0.0005);
> plume_area=n*10*10;

Similarly, if you want the plume volume of all cells with more than a certain threshold of sediment deposited, in this example all area with more than 0.005m deposits, you can get the no-of-gridcells that contain layers thicker than a certain threshold:

> v=sum(cg1>0.0005);
> plume_volume=v*10*10;

It may be usefull to compare X-sections for the different grain size classes:

> plot(cg1(25, :), 'r');
> hold
> plot(cg2(25,:));

Input Files

Simple Input Files for Testing

A very simple scenario for the plume model has been posted here. It models a bankfull flood event for a small meandering river, draining into a lake. These files may be useful for testing whether the model is running.

• plume parameter file (January 2009, kvf format)

• plume flood file (January 2009, kvf format)

Simple Output File for Testing

The associated output file, with grids of sedimentation rates per day, for both grain sizes can be found here:

• plume output file (January 2009, csv format)