Property:CSDMS meeting abstract presentation
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It is well established that coupling and strong feedbacks may occur between solid Earth deformation and surface processes across a wide range of spatial and temporal scales. As both systems on their own encapsulate highly complex and nonlinear processes, fully-coupled simulations require advanced numerical techniques and a flexible platform to explore a multitude of scenarios. Here, we will demonstrate how the Advanced Solver for Planetary Evolution, Convection, and Tectonics (ASPECT) can be coupled with FastScape to examine feedbacks between lithospheric deformation and landscape evolution. The clinic will cover the fundamental equations being solved, how to design coupled simulations in ASPECT, and examples of coupled continental extension and landscape evolution. Participants will be able to participate in live exercises through new online computing resources hosted by the Computational Infrastructure for Geodynamics (CIG). +
JOSS is a developer friendly, peer reviewed academic journal for research software packages, providing a path to academic credit for scholarship disseminated via software. I'll give a tour of the journal, its submission/review process, and opportunities to get involved. +
Join us for a hands-on clinic exploring the intersection of glacier mass balance, glacier dynamics, and surface processes modeling. We will discuss recent python libraries to model glacier processes for surface processes applications. We will introduce the Instructed Glacier Model (IGM), a machine learning-based glacier dynamics emulator, it provides significant speed-up while maintaining high process accuracy. IGM opens up new research possibilities for longterm, landscape scale simulations. We will demonstrate several applications of combined glacier and surface processes modeling. We will then proceed to run a tutorial on running combined models of glacier and sedimentary processes using these existing python libraries. This session is targeted to researchers interested in glacier impacts on downstream landscapes, glacial geomorphology, and integrating new python libraries/glacial models into their earth surface processes modeling research. +
Jupyter Notebooks can be powerful tools for classroom teaching. This clinic explores different ways to use notebooks in teaching, common pitfalls to avoid, and best practices. It also introduces the CSDMS OpenEarthscape Hub, an online resource that instructors can use that eliminates the need to install software and provides students with direct access to various CSDMS tools. +
Jupyter notebooks provide a very convenient way to communicate research results: they may contain narrative text, live code, equations and visualizations all in a single document. Beyond notebooks, the Jupyter ecosystem also provides many interactive, graphical components (widgets) that can be used within notebooks to further enhance the user experience. Those widgets serve a variety of purposes such as 2D (Ipympl, Bqplot, Ipycanvas) or 3D (Ipygany) scientific visualization, 2D (Ipyleaflet) or 3D (Pydeck) maps, etc. When the target audience is not familiar with coding, it is possible to turn Jupyter notebooks into interactive dashboards and publish them as stand-alone web applications (using Voilà).
In this workshop, we will learn how to leverage this powerful Jupyter environment to build custom, interactive dashboards for exploring models of Earth surface processes in contexts like research, teaching and outreach. After introducing the basics of Jupyter widgets, we will focus on more advanced examples based on Fastscape and/or Landlab. We willl also spend some time on hands-on exercises as well as brainstorming dashboard ideas.
Clinic materials and installation instructions can be found here: https://github.com/benbovy/jupyter-dash-csdms2021
Related links:
- https://github.com/fastscape-lem/gilbert-board
- https://github.com/fastscape-lem/ipyfastscape +
Jurjen will share how FloodTags uses human observations from online media to detect and analyze new (and past) flood events. He also introduces a new approach to citizen engagement via chatbots in instant messengers. With this, local needs are revealed in detail and low-threshold two-way communication about flood risk is possible, even down to community level. How can these new techniques be functional in current flood risk management practices? +
Landlab +
Landlab is a Python toolkit for building, coupling, and exploring two-dimensional numerical models of Earth-surface dynamics. Hydroshare is an online collaborative environment for sharing data and models. Hydroshare allows users to run models remotely, without needing to install software locally. This clinic will illustrate example Landlab models and how to run them on Hydroshare. This clinic will provide an introduction to Landlab’s features and capabilities, including how to create a model grid, populate it with data, and run numerical algorithms for surface hydrology, hillslope sediment transport, and stream incision. We will illustrate how models can be used for both research and teaching purposes. +
Landlab is a Python-based toolkit for building, coupling, and exploring two-dimensional numerical models of Earth-surface dynamics. This clinic will first provide a short hands-on introduction to Landlab's features and capabilities. We will highlight examples from several existing models built within the Landlab framework, including: coupling of local ecohydrologic processes, spatial plant interactions, and disturbances (fires and grazing); landscape evolution impacted by plants; overland flow impacted by changing soil properties; and effects of topographic structure on species distribution and evolution. Models will be run with various scenarios for climate change and anthropogenic disturbances, and evolution of state variables and fluxes across the landscape will be explored. We will also show the use of gridded climate data products to drive Landlab simulations. Participants are encouraged to install Landlab on their computers prior to the clinic. Installation instructions can be found at: http://landlab.github.io (select "Install" from the menu bar at the top of the page). +
Landlab is a Python-language programming library that supports efficient creation of two-dimensional (2D) models of diverse earth-surface systems. For those new to Landlab, this clinic will provide a hands-on introduction to Landlab's features and capabilities, including how to create a grid, populate it with data, and run basic numerical algorithms. For experienced Landlab users, we will review some of the new features in this first full-release version, explore how to created integrated models by combining pre-built process components, and learn the basics of writing new components. Participants are encouraged to install Landlab on their computers prior to the clinic. Installation instructions can be found at: http://landlab.github.io (select "Install" from the menu bar at the top of the page). Clinic participants who have particular questions or applications in mind are encouraged to email the conveners ahead of the CSDMS meeting so that we can plan topics and exercises accordingly. +
Landscape evolution involves manifold processes from different disciplines, including geology, geomorphology and ecohydrology, often interacting nonlinearly at different space-time scales. While this gives rise to fascinating patterns of interconnected networks of ridges and valleys, it also challenges Landscape Evolution Models (LEMs), which typically rely on long-term numerical simulations and mostly have only current topographies for comparison. While adding process complexity (and presumably realism) is certainly useful to overcome some of these challenges, is also exacerbates issues related to proper calibration and simulation.
This talk advocates more focus on the theoretical analysis of LEMs to alleviate some of these issues. By focusing on the essential elements that distinguish landscape evolution, the resulting minimalist LEMs become more amenable to dimensional analysis and other methods of nonlinear field equations, used for example in fluid mechanics and turbulence, offering fertile ground to sharpen model formulation (i.e., the stream-power erosion term), unveil distinct dynamic regimes (e.g., unchannelized, from incipient valley formation, transitional and statistically self-similar fractal regime), and properly formulate questions related to the existence of steady state solution (as opposed to a situation of space time chaos, similar to a geomorphological turbulence). We also discuss benchmarks for evaluating numerical simulation and novel avenues for numerical methods, as well as ways to bridge between spatially discrete models (i.e., river networks) and continuous, partial-differential-equation models. +
Landscape evolution models often generalize hydrology by assuming steady-state discharge to calculate channel incision. While this assumption is reasonable for smaller watersheds or larger precipitation events, non-steady hydrology is a more applicable condition for semi-arid landscapes, which are prone to short-duration, high-intensity storms. In these cases, the impact of a hydrograph (non-steady method) may be significant in determining long-term drainage basin evolution. This project links a two-dimensional hydrodynamic algorithm with a detachment-limited incision component in the Landlab modeling framework. Storms of varying intensity and duration are run across two synthetic landscapes, and incision rate is calculated throughout the hydrograph. For each case, peak discharge and total incision are compared to the values predicted by steady-state to evaluate the impact of the two hydrologic methods. We explore the impact of different critical shear stress values on total incision using the different flow methods. Finally, a watershed will be evolved to topographic steady-state using both the steady- and non-steady flow routing methods to identify differences in overall relief and drainage network configuration. Preliminary testing with no critical shear stress threshold has shown that although non-steady peak discharge is smaller than the peak predicted by the steady-state method, total incised depth from non-steady methods exceeds the steady-state derived incision depth in all storm cases. With the introduction of a incision threshold, we predict there will be cases where the steady-state method overestimates total incised depth compared to the non-steady method. Additionally, we hypothesize that watersheds evolved with the non-steady method will be characterized by decreased channel concavities. This work demonstrates that when modeling landscapes characterized by semi-arid climates, choice of hydrology method can significantly impact the resulting morphology.
Landscapes developed in rock layers of differing erodibility are common on Earth, as well as on other planets. Hillslopes carved into the soft rock are typically characterized by steep, linear-to-concave up slopes or “ramps” mantled with material derived from the resistant layers above, often in the form of large blocks. To better understand the role of sediment size in hillslope evolution, we developed a 1-D numerical model of a hogback. The hybrid continuum-discrete model uses a traditional continuum treatment of soil transport while allowing for discrete, rules-based motion of large blocks of rocks. Our results show that feedbacks between weathering and transport of the blocks and underlying soft rock can create relief over time and lead to the development of concave-up slope profiles in the absence of rilling processes. In addition, the model reaches a quasi-steady state in which the topographic form and length of the ramp remains constant through time. We use an analytic approach to explore the mechanisms by which our model self-organizes to this state, including adjustment of soil depth, erosion rates, and block velocities along the ramp. An agreement of analytic solutions with the model shows that we understand its behavior well, and can carefully explore implications for hillslope evolution in the field. Current work explores the interactions between blocky hillslopes and channels in a 2-D numerical model built in Landlab. Our models provide a framework for exploring the evolution of layered landscapes and pinpoint the processes for which we require a more thorough understanding to predict their evolution over time. +
Landscapes of the US Central Lowland were repeatedly affected by the Laurentide Ice Sheet. Glacial processes diminished relief and disrupted drainage networks. Deep valleys carved by glacial meltwater were disconnected from the surrounding uplands. The upland area lacking surface water connection to the drainage network is referred to as non-contributing area (NCA). Decreasing fractions of NCA on older surfaces suggests that NCA becomes drained over time. We propose that the integration could occur via: 1) capture of NCA as channels propagate into the upland or, 2) subsurface or intermittent surface connection of NCA to external drainage networks providing increased discharge to promote channel incision. We refer the two cases as “disconnected” and “connected” since the crucial difference between them is the hydrological connection of the upland to external drainage. We investigate the differences in evolution and morphology of channel networks in low relief landscapes under disconnected and connected regimes using the LandLab landscape evolution modeling platform. We observe substantially faster rates of erosion and integration of the channel network in the connected case. The connected case also creates longer, more sinuous channels than the disconnected case. Sensitivity tests indicate that hillslope diffusivity has little influence on the evolution and morphology. The fluvial erosion coefficient has significant impact on the rate of evolution, and it influences the morphology to a lesser extent. Our results and a qualitative comparison with landscapes of the glaciated US Central Lowland suggest that connection of NCAs is a potential control on the evolution and morphology of post-glacial landscapes. +
Landslides mobilize tons of sediment in the blink of an eye. From an engineering perspective, one typically looks at topographical relief as a causal factor triggering landslides. From a geomorphological perspective, one could wonder how landslides and landslide derived sediment alter the evolution of landscapes. Curious to find out what landslides do with the evolution of landscapes? Tune in for this webinar to figure out how to use the Landlab HyLands component to address this question. +
Large Language Models (LLMs) have been rolling on the hype train since ChatGPT-3.5 was first introduced in November 2022. Hop onboard with an interactive hands-on clinic where we’ll collectively explore how to use LLMs to be more efficient (aka lazy) in our research software development and computational modeling work.
Participants will engage in interactive prompt engineering with commercial LLMs (e.g., ChatGPT, perplexity, Google NotebookLM). We will explore how to fine tune prompts to learn about new topics, summarize, assess, or evaluate texts, and generate possibly useful research software artifacts: documentation, tests, containerization recipes, shell scripts, etc. If all goes well we hope to develop a curated LLM prompts / recipes repository tailored to the CSDMS / CoMSES communities with all of your properly credited contributions.
All are welcome from LLM novices to seasoned prompt engineer pros. Bring the burning questions you haven’t had the energy to figure out and we’ll see what the allegedly hitherto sum of human knowledge has to statistically say about it. +
Launched in 2021 through a cooperative agreement with the National Science Foundation’s Coastlines and People (CoPe) Program, the Megalopolitan Coastal Transformation Hub is a partnership among 13 institutions, focused on four intertwined goals:
1) Doing science that is useful and used, specifically by facilitating flexible, equitable, and robust long-term planning to manage climate risk in the urban megaregion spanning Philadelphia, New Jersey, and New York City
2) Doing science that advances human understanding of how coastal climate hazards, coastal landforms, and human decisions at household, municipal, market, and policy scales interact to shape climate risk,
3) Training the next generation of leaders in transdisciplinary climate research and engagement,
4) Building a sustainable academic/stakeholder co-production partnership model for just, equitable, and inclusive climate action in diverse coastal, urban megaregions around the world.
MACH's initial work has focused particularly on Philadelphia and its surroundings. Core themes within this work include:
1) Characterization of compound flood and heat+flood hazard and risk
2) The role of insurance in the interrelated insurance/mortgage/ housing markets
3) The impacts of flood risk on municipal finances
4) Improving equity considerations in the design of strategies to manage flood risks
5) Household decision-making regarding flood risk in low-income, renter-dominated neighborhoods
This talk will introduce MACH and highlight emerging lessons from MACH's transdisciplinary research and engagement model. +
Live demonstration +
Long Short-Term Memory networks (LSTMs) have been around since the early 90’s but only in the last few years, LSTMs gained increasing popularity in hydrological sciences. Publication counts see exponential growth and LSTMs power some of the largest-scale operational flood forecasting systems.
In this presentation, we look at some of the research from the past few years and try to understand why the LSTM is a particularly well suited architecture for the application as rainfall-runoff model but also discuss limitations and open research questions. +
Macrobenthic species that live within or on top of estuarine sediments can destabilize local mud deposits through bioturbating activities. The resulting enhanced sediment availability will affect large-scale morphological change. We numerically model two contrasting bioturbating species by means of our novel literature-based eco-morphodynamic model. We find significant effects on local mud accumulation and bed elevation change leading to a large-scale reduction in deposited mud. In turn, the species-dependent mud content redefines their habitat and constricted species abundances. Combined species runs reveal a new ecological feedback facilitating survival of the dominant species as a result of combined eco-engineering activity. +
