Property:Extended movie description
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T
This video shows the elevation of a river bed and surrounding surface, when as meandering 'river' migrates in a flume.
Done at the Eurotank at at Utrecht University. The meander was created by moving the water inlet to the tank.The tank used is 6 meters wide and 11 meters long.
The full experiment is described in Van Dijk et al., 2012.
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2011JF002314/abstract +
S
Three 80 kyr simulations of soil depth in a semi-arid field site in southern Israel using the mARM4D soil-landscape evolution model (Cohen et al., 2009, 2010). The synchronized animations compare the effect of different sediment transport mechanisms on the soil-landscape evolution.
The top-left animation is when only fluvial sediment transport is simulated;
The top-right animation is when only diffusive sediment transport is simulated; and
The bottom-right is a combination of diffusive and fluvial sediment transport mechanisms. +
A
Time-lapse series of coastal bluff erosion along the Arctic Coast at Drew Point, Beaufort Sea, Alaska. Coastal erosion rates exceeding 20 meters per year are being observed along the Arctic Coast, and they are especially high along Alaska’s Beaufort Sea coastline. Comparison of aerial photos and LANDSAT imagery suggest accelerating erosion rates over the last 50 years. Arctic sea ice coverage has been declining dramatically over the last few decades and record September minima were observed in 2007. These observations suggest a causal relationship between sea ice decline and coastal change. The timelapse movies presented here show that the relative roles of thermal and wave energy may be significant. The bluffs consist of silt and have high ice-content. The thawing of the ice-rich bluffs by relatively warm seawater undermines coastal bluffs, leading to topple failures of discrete blocks defined by ice-wedge polygons. The fine-grained nature of these materials does not function as a protective barrier for incoming waves, so there is not a strong negative feedback on erosion rates, so that coastal erosion rates in this setting are likely to increase with continued Arctic warming. +
Time-lapse series of coastal bluff erosion along the Arctic Coast at Drew Point, Beaufort Sea, Alaska.
Coastal erosion rates exceeding 20 meters per year are being observed along the Arctic Coast, and they are especially high along Alaska’s Beaufort Sea coastline. Comparison of aerial photos and LANDSAT imagery suggest accelerating erosion rates over the last 50 years. Arctic sea ice coverage has been declining dramatically over the last few decades and record September minima were observed in 2007. These observations suggest a causal relationship between sea ice decline and coastal change. The timelapse movies presented here show that the relative roles of thermal and wave energy may be significant. The bluffs consist of silt and have high ice-content. The thawing of the ice-rich bluffs by relatively warm seawater undermines coastal bluffs, leading to topple failures of discrete blocks defined by ice-wedge polygons. The fine-grained nature of these materials does not function as a protective barrier for incoming waves, so there is not a strong negative feedback on erosion rates, so that coastal erosion rates in this setting are likely to increase with continued Arctic warming.
This movie was captured during the summer of 2009 looks from the sea towards the 4-5m high bluffs. A USGS research team rigged a camera on top of a pipe wedged into the seafloor about 5 to 6 meters offshore. The camera was set to photograph the coast several times every day between July 13th and August 22nd.
The movie shows the sea forming a hollow niche at the base of the bluff. Then a large chunk of the bluff fell into the sea and was washed away within 5 days, the water continued to hollow out the niche and more chunks of land toppled off the bluff. +
W
WAVEWATCH III^TM is a 2D model that evolves various atmospheric and oceanic factors creating and propagating multi spectrum wind waves through a given region. Wind waves are evolved based on the influence of surface wind, currents, water level changes, ice concentrations, air-sea surface temperature gradients and wave interactions with the sea bottom.
WAVEWATCH III^TM has been shown to be a highly accurate global wave model and has been validated globally using data from buoys and ERSI altimeter data. The error range is typically within 15% of the local mean observed height based on the altimeter and buoy data. WAVEWATCH III^TM has been shown to be particularly accurate in the tropics and in the forecast of extreme wave heights. It has been shown to have slightly poorer accuracy in selected high-latitude regions.
This animation was generated by the model WAVEWATCH III^TM and spans three calendar months. The model evolves the generation of wind waves due to the effects of surface winds. As the wind waves move out from the influence of the storm they propagate through the ocean as swell, or gravity driven waves. The model also evolves the effects of bottom interactions (including shoaling and refraction) as well as currents, water level changes and ice concentrations.
The color scale of the movies represents wave height as generated by wind activity. Areas that have high wind concentrations (storms) can be seen as they generate large swell that then propagate across oceans (shown in warmer colors). It is possible to follow the swell generated by a given storm as it propagates across the ocean and the interaction that it has with various obstructions such as islands and continents. Seasonal differences are also readily apparent in the varying size and location of the major swell generating storm events. As the seasons change, the areas where the major swell generating storms are generated change, moving north and south, following the local winter. This is represented in these movies by areas of large swell. It is also possible to see more local events such as tropical and extratropical cyclones and the effects that major currents such as the Gulf Stream have on their trajectory.
Highlighted below are some notable storm events distinguishable by their swell patters.
An increase in wave height is visible due to the effects of Tropical Cyclone Eric northeast of Madagascar on January 18th and due to Tropical Cyclone Fanele on January 20th also near Madagascar, off the coast of southeast Africa.
The large swell generated by a series of extratropical cyclones that caused damage across the British Isles and France and Spain is visible between January 17th and January 24th.
WAVEWATCH III^TM is a 2D model that evolves various atmospheric and oceanic factors creating and propagating multi spectrum wind waves through a given region. Wind waves are evolved based on the influence of surface wind, currents, water level changes, ice concentrations, air-sea surface temperature gradients and wave interactions with the sea bottom.
WAVEWATCH III^TM has been shown to be a highly accurate global wave model and has been validated globally using data from buoys and ERSI altimeter data. The error range is typically within 15% of the local mean observed height based on the altimeter and buoy data. WAVEWATCH III^TM has been shown to be particularly accurate in the tropics and in the forecast of extreme wave heights. It has been shown to have slightly poorer accuracy in selected high-latitude regions.
This animation was generated by the model WAVEWATCH III^TM and spans three calendar months. The model evolves the generation of wind waves due to the effects of surface winds. As the wind waves move out from the influence of the storm they propagate through the ocean as swell, or gravity driven waves. The model also evolves the effects of bottom interactions (including shoaling and refraction) as well as currents, water level changes and ice concentrations.
The color scale of the movies represents wave height as generated by wind activity. Areas that have high wind concentrations (storms) can be seen as they generate large swell that then propagate across oceans (shown in warmer colors). It is possible to follow the swell generated by a given storm as it propagates across the ocean and the interaction that it has with various obstructions such as islands and continents. Seasonal differences are also readily apparent in the varying size and location of the major swell generating storm events. As the seasons change, the areas where the major swell generating storms are generated change, moving north and south, following the local winter. This is represented in these movies by areas of large swell. It is also possible to see more local events such as tropical and extratropical cyclones and the effects that major currents such as the Gulf Stream have on their trajectory.
Highlighted below are some notable storm events distinguishable by their swell patters.
The swell generated from the largest tropical cyclone to strike China since 1949, typhoon Neoguri, can be seen on April 18th.
On May 3rd the increase in swell due to Cyclone Nargis is visible as it makes landfall in Yangon, Myanmar.
WAVEWATCH III^TM is a 2D model that evolves various atmospheric and oceanic factors creating and propagating multi spectrum wind waves through a given region. Wind waves are evolved based on the influence of surface wind, currents, water level changes, ice concentrations, air-sea surface temperature gradients and wave interactions with the sea bottom.
WAVEWATCH III^TM has been shown to be a highly accurate global wave model and has been validated globally using data from buoys and ERSI altimeter data. The error range is typically within 15% of the local mean observed height based on the altimeter and buoy data. WAVEWATCH III^TM has been shown to be particularly accurate in the tropics and in the forecast of extreme wave heights. It has been shown to have slightly poorer accuracy in selected high-latitude regions.
This animation was generated by the model WAVEWATCH IIITM and spans three calendar months. The model evolves the generation of wind waves due to the effects of surface winds. As the wind waves move out from the influence of the storm they propagate through the ocean as swell, or gravity driven waves. The model also evolves the effects of bottom interactions (including shoaling and refraction) as well as currents, water level changes and ice concentrations.
The color scale of the movies represents wave height as generated by wind activity. Areas that have high wind concentrations (storms) can be seen as they generate large swell that then propagate across oceans (shown in warmer colors). It is possible to follow the swell generated by a given storm as it propagates across the ocean and the interaction that it has with various obstructions such as islands and continents. Seasonal differences are also readily apparent in the varying size and location of the major swell generating storm events. As the seasons change, the areas where the major swell generating storms are generated change, moving north and south, following the local winter. This is represented in these movies by areas of large swell. It is also possible to see more local events such as tropical and extratropical cyclones and the effects that major currents such as the Gulf Stream have on their trajectory.
Highlighted below are some notable storm events distinguishable by their swell patters.
Many large swell events are visible in the Gulf of Mexico during this movie generated by hurricane events. Video footage of coastal conditions of Hurricane Ike on September 13th and 14th as it makes landfall in Galveston, Texas can be seen by following the link in the references section.
WAVEWATCH III^TM is a 2D model that evolves various atmospheric and oceanic factors creating and propagating multi spectrum wind waves through a given region. Wind waves are evolved based on the influence of surface wind, currents, water level changes, ice concentrations, air-sea surface temperature gradients and wave interactions with the sea bottom.
WAVEWATCH III^TM has been shown to be a highly accurate global wave model and has been validated globally using data from buoys and ERSI altimeter data. The error range is typically within 15% of the local mean observed height based on the altimeter and buoy data. WAVEWATCH III^TM has been shown to be particularly accurate in the tropics and in the forecast of extreme wave heights. It has been shown to have slightly poorer accuracy in selected high-latitude regions.
This animation was generated by the model WAVEWATCH III^TM and spans three calendar months. The model evolves the generation of wind waves due to the effects of surface winds. As the wind waves move out from the influence of the storm they propagate through the ocean as swell, or gravity driven waves. The model also evolves the effects of bottom interactions (including shoaling and refraction) as well as currents, water level changes and ice concentrations.
The color scale of the movies represents wave height as generated by wind activity. Areas that have high wind concentrations (storms) can be seen as they generate large swell that then propagate across oceans (shown in warmer colors). It is possible to follow the swell generated by a given storm as it propagates across the ocean and the interaction that it has with various obstructions such as islands and continents. Seasonal differences are also readily apparent in the varying size and location of the major swell generating storm events. As the seasons change, the areas where the major swell generating storms are generated change, moving north and south, following the local winter. This is represented in these movies by areas of large swell. It is also possible to see more local events such as tropical and extratropical cyclones and the effects that major currents such as the Gulf Stream have on their trajectory.
Highlighted below are some notable storm events distinguishable by their swell patters.
Throughout this movie the creation of tropical cyclones can be followed from the swell they generate as they move across the Atlantic Ocean and then get pulled north by the Gulf Stream along the east coast of the US.
On July 21st Hurricane Dolly began generating large swell in the Gulf of Mexico and can be seen making landfall near the Texas-Mexico border.
Many tropical storms can be seen as they generate swell in the Gulf of Mexico throughout August.
On August 9th the swell that earned Grant Baker the Billabong XXL award for largest wave can be seen as it hits South Africa, where he surfed it at Tafelberg Reef. Footage of this ride can be seen by following the link in the references section.
WAVEWATCH III^TM is a 2D model that evolves various atmospheric and oceanic factors creating and propagating multi spectrum wind waves through a given region. Wind waves are evolved based on the influence of surface wind, currents, water level changes, ice concentrations, air-sea surface temperature gradients and wave interactions with the sea bottom.
WAVEWATCH III^TM has been shown to be a highly accurate global wave model and has been validated globally using data from buoys and ERSI altimeter data. The error range is typically within 15% of the local mean observed height based on the altimeter and buoy data. WAVEWATCH III^TM has been shown to be particularly accurate in the tropics and in the forecast of extreme wave heights. It has been shown to have slightly poorer accuracy in selected high-latitude regions.
This animation was generated by the model WAVEWATCH III^TM and spans three calendar months. The model evolves the generation of wind waves due to the effects of surface winds. As the wind waves move out from the influence of the storm they propagate through the ocean as swell, or gravity driven waves. The model also evolves the effects of bottom interactions (including shoaling and refraction) as well as currents, water level changes and ice concentrations.
The color scale of the movies represents wave height as generated by wind activity. Areas that have high wind concentrations (storms) can be seen as they generate large swell that then propagate across oceans (shown in warmer colors). It is possible to follow the swell generated by a given storm as it propagates across the ocean and the interaction that it has with various obstructions such as islands and continents. Seasonal differences are also readily apparent in the varying size and location of the major swell generating storm events. As the seasons change, the areas where the major swell generating storms are generated change, moving north and south, following the local winter. This is represented in these movies by areas of large swell. It is also possible to see more local events such as tropical and extratropical cyclones and the effects that major currents such as the Gulf Stream have on their trajectory.
Highlighted below are some notable storm events distinguishable by their swell patters.
The large swell generated from winds gusting as fast as 129 mph can be seen between December 1st and 3rd. Certain counties affected by this storm were declared federal disaster areas.
The storm generating the swell responsible for the Billabong XXL Big Wave surfing competition is visible on and before January 5th as it makes its way towards Cortes Bank, located approximately 100 miles off the coast of San Diego, California where a 70ft wave was surfed by Mike Parsons. Still images from the ride can be seen in the link in the references section, approximately 2/3 of the way through the movie.
The large swell generated by tropical cyclone Ivan can be seen as they develop and move towards the island of Madagascar, making landfall on February 17th.
D
You can see a tilted flume with two velocity measurement propellors at the start of the movie. Note the think layer of sediment on the bttom, which represents the sea floor sediment.
Then the experimenters release a mix of water and sediment (it is colored pink for contrast) into the top of the flume. Because this mix is denser than the original water column, a density current forms and rapidly travels along the bottom slope of the flume. This current even is capable of eroding the original flume bed.This experiment mimicks the sediment transport of a turbidite along a deep-marine slope.
This experiment was implemented in the tilting flume in the Earth Surface Dynamics Modeling Lab at Caltech.
https://esp.gps.caltech.edu/earth-surface-dynamics-laboratory +
A
one can watch a month of coastal melting in one minute. This movie is a time-lapse of 15 min shots taken at Drew Point along the Beaufort Sea. Drew Point is about halfway between Point Barrow and Prudhoe Bay on the North Slope of Alaska.This particular movie was taken in August 13th-September 11th, 2010.
The coastal bluffs you see in the ovie are about 4 m high, the blocks that erode away were measured to be 10.5m long. A large volume of the permafrost is just ice (uto 70%), the rest is fine sediment and peat as well as grass that grows in the upper 35 cm (the active layer).
There are polar bears passing by! +
