Property:Extended movie description
From CSDMS
This is a property of type Text.
D
This is a simulation of driftwood in flow, and investigates how the 3-D velocity field is impacted by the objects traveling in it (and bumping into each other).
The colors represent the different vector components of the 3D flow field and show how complex the flow field becomes with large trees traveling at the surface. The animation was made with the 1RICNaysCUBE 3D solver. +
L
This landslide occurred directly above Preonzo in the Swiss Alps. Scientists had classified this slope as unstable, already for some time. One indicator of the instability were large tension cracks on the top of the slope. Active monitoring of the slide was ongoing, and the radar techniques had indicated the movement had accelerated shortly befor ethe event happened. Thus, fortunately, the landslide runoff zone had been cordoned off and there were no casualties.
The video actually shows the secondary movement of debris along the slope, not the failure of the rock-headwall that initiated the slide. Note that the slope is densely vegetated, the trees did not prevent this failure from happening. The last imagery shows a helicopter view of the massive haedwall scar. +
This model shows a profile view of fluvial sediment supply from river(s) over a 2000 year period. There is no alongshore or offshore transport in this model. The color scale represents grain size and is shown at the bottom of the animation. +
C
This model shows a profile view of sediment transport and reworking due to the effects of plume and wave action The color scale represents grain size and is shown at the bottom of the animation. +
S
This model shows a profile view of sediment transport and reworking due to the effects of plume and wave reworking. The color scale represents grain size and is shown at the bottom of the animation. +
D
This movie features a debris flow originating from the steep valley walls of the Cajon del Maipo, in the Chilean Andes. The highest peaks surrounding this area are over 6000m, the slopes where the flow originated are upto ~3000m. The local slopes are steep, loose and sparsely vegetated. This is a tectonically active area and faults and folds are abundant. There is a lot of talus and loose debris sediment available, due to the young age of the Andes Mountain Range. The movie first shows an overview of the debris flow source slope.The biggest flow occurred early during the event. It shows boulders moving in a viscous mudflow. It appears the boulders are lifted of the bed. The estimated velocity of the flow was 2 m/s. The large flow built small levees and
Small side channels transport few cm-thick flow of viscous mud following existing topographic depressions. Eventually the flow reaches the main river channel running through the Cajon de Maipo. +
T
This movie features the tidal bore in the Turnagain Arm of Cook Inlet, near Anchorage, Alaska. This tidal bore can be up to 2 metres and travels at 20 km per hour. The bore in the movie smaller than 2m (pers. comm. L'Archeveque). +
This movie features the tidal bore in the Qiantang River in China. This tidal bore is the largest in the world can be over 6 metres and travels at 40 km per hour. The bore in the movie is exceptionally high, perhaps due to ocean swells.
People gather every year to watch this spectacle. Although a few spectators did get washed of their feet, nobody was killed (as reported on the website of the USC tsunami research group).
The movie usually makes people think this is a 'tsunami', but it is not associated with any earthquakes it is an actual 'tidal wave', but it is not a 'tsunami'! +
F
This movie loops through sea ice concentration in the Chukchi and Beaufort Sea. Sea ice concentration (SSC) is measured by satellites on a daily basis. SSC has been measured from 1979 onwards, and thus provides us with a relatively long time-series to assess changes in the Arctic climate. The animation loops through the year 2007, which was a relatively warm year with a low sea ice minimum.
The presence of sea ice impacts the time that waves and storm surge can affect the coast. Another parameter that affects waves and storm surge is the fetch-the distance that wind blows over open water. Here we show how we calculate each day the distance to the sea ice edge over all relevant directions (the grey lines). Then we pick the direction that the average wind direction measured at the Barrow airfield for that day and determine the fetch length (the red line). +
This movie records a typical desert flash flood event associated with an upstream rain storm. This area near the Book Cliffs has many of these channels, also called washes, that are active only during flashfloods.
There were clouds and lightening approximately 10 km's farther up the canyon, but it was sunny and clear near the canyon mouth.
The movie shows an initial load of coarser material and woody fragments. The channel is approximately 4m wide. Levees are built of woody debris as flood first passes by (best seen c. 19 sec). At least cobble sized rocks were being carried by the flow. At 34 seconds, you see standing waves formed in the flow. Flow depth was only 10 cm.
Note hydraulic jumps seen at 40 sec and 42 seconds as flow cuts across road way.
As flood subsided, we could see deposition of imbricated clasts (pers. comm Doug Jerolmack). +
N
This movie shows a 11 million year simulation of the landscape evolution model DAC (Divide And Capture). It illustrates how drainage networks respond to tectonic deformation. This specific simulation has a velocity field with fault parallel horizontal movement combined with a perpendicular component and has an order of magnitude more precipitation on the western side than on the eastern side of the model domain.
The movie shows the evolution of a rectangular domain representing the Southern Alps of New Zealand at the Australian and Pacific plate boundary and the river basins that drain the Alps as motion along the Alpine Fault expands the domain.
The color code indicates elevation with red colors for higher elevation. The Alpine Fault that bounds the Southern Alps on the northwest is located at the top of the domain, and the opposing mountain front is at the bottom of the domain. The initial configuration is of a small symmetrical mountain range next to the junction of the Alpine and Hope Faults and is drained by a well-developed drainage systemtransverse to the main divide.
You can see that with the southwestward (left in the movie) expansion of the orogen, the main water divide migrates toward the Alpine Fault, the eastern basins rotate, and the western basins are constantly rearranging by area capture. +
R
This movie shows a simulation of a pair of normal-fault blocks separated by a vertical fault. The lower left edge is fixed through time, and represents a shallow shelf just below sea level. The inner block of the landscape rises at a steady rate, while the outer block subsides. Initially, the relief and erosion rate are small, and the subsiding basin is underfilled. Notice the progradation of a fan-delta complex. As relief and sediment flux increase, the fan deltas reach the shallow shelf and the basin becomes filled (or "over-filled" , meaning that there is more than enough sediment to keep filling the basin as it continues to subside). +
B
This movie shows a small part of experiment XES 99-1 on braided streams. The basin in this experiment is 3 meters wide and 6 meters long. Sediment and water enter the basin from four input sites at the top of the basin. The auto cyclic events present in the movie are labeled. They include avulsion, lateral sweeping, channel expansion events, bar migration and nickpoint retreat. +
D
This movie shows an experimental delta built into standing water (constant depth of 3 cm). All external controls are constant (sediment flux, water discharge, base level changes). Fluvial system alternates between sediment release (channelization) and sediment storage (sheet flow). +
W
This movie shows calculations of the NOAA wave forecasting model, called WAVEWATCH III®, over the Atlantic Ocean and focuses on the time period that Hurricane Katrina occurred. Hurricane Katrina formed near the Bahamas on August 23rd, 2005. It made landfall in Florida on Monday August 27th and then regained energy tracking though the Gulf of Mexico. Finally it hit the southeast Louisiana coast on Monday August 29th, 2005.
The model predicted significant waves height to be 15.4m (50.5ft) high. Indeed, waves in the eye of the hurricane were observed to be extremely high, upto 16.9m. Two buoys in the Gulf of Mexico were close to the pathway of Hurricane Katrina; one buoy capsized and last recorded waves of 10.5m, the other buoy recorded the waves throughout the passing of the storm and found significant wave heights to be 16.9m. Statistically this means that the highest waves could have been as high as 32.1 m (WMO, 1991).
The National Hurricane Center and the National Weather Service predicted the hurricane track with sufficient leadtime. This prompted the Louisiana State Government, and US President Bush to declare the state of emergency beforehand. A mandatory evacuation of New Orleans was given to 1.2 million people (there was no precedent for such an out migration of an urban area in US history).
Still, Hurricane Katrina was one of the deadliest hurricanes in US history; 1833 people were killed. The city of New Orleans was hit hardest, because the storm surge associated with the hurricane breached the levees that protect large parts of the city from flooding. There were 53 levee breaches, and after the worst rain and wind had passed, 80% of the city and surrounding areas remained flooded.
Notable Features
• Hurricane Katrina forms over the Bahamas on August 23rd, hits Florida on August 25th.
• While Hurricane Katrina travels over the Gulf of Mexico you can see it gains strength from a hurricane category 3 to a category 5.
• It made its third landfall near the Louisiana–Mississippi border still at Category 3 intensity, this is close to the city of New Orleans.
• Storm surge was 8-9m, and caused a civil engineering disaster. Levees and floodwalls collapse at many critical locations and 80% of New Orleans was flooded.
U
This movie shows the creation of dams throughout the continental US through time. It is a geographic information systems (GIS) based map where each dam is shown in its geographic location and appears on the map in the year of its construction. The progression of settlers west and the subsequent need for water for irrigation can be seen, as can the sudden increase in dam creation as part of The New Deal economic stimulus program for hydroelectric power and flood control needs. +
G
This movie shows the snout of Variegated Glacier in Alaska. This glacier is about 20 km length and ends in Russell Fjord, a tributary fjord to Yakutat Bay. The Variegated glacier surged over about 2 yrs, in 1982-1983. The glacier is know to surge every 16-26 years!
Normal speeds are about 0.1-1 m/day. During this surge this speeded up to ~50m/day.
The movie shows a period of relative quiescence, and then a rapid speed up towards the end of the time lapse. The thickening can be observed to; a total of 110 m of thichening resulted from the surge. +
P
This movie shows the space-time distribution of discharge in a small basin in Kentucky in response to a short, spatially-uniform rainfall event. it is like seeing a hydrograph, but now visualized over the topography of a small catchment. Immediately after the rainfall event there is generally even distribution of water spatially. As the time scale progresses rainfall is concentrated in larger and larger drainages (shown in light blue and red) where it continues to flow. Towards the end of the animation the flow begins to decrease again. +
S
This show the bubbling of sand near a levee in the lowlying farmlands, the sand seepage results from the pressure gradient that is caused by high river stage in flood conditions. This example is near Bennington Levee, Indiana, where the White River was at flood stage in March 2011.
The sand boil was an indicator of the underminng of the levee and a 25 ft breach did happen during this same flood. +
L
This simulation shows a longitudinal cross-section of a low gradient delta system migrating over its shelf while sea level fluctuates. It mimics the Volga delta building out in the Caspian Sea over the last 10,000 yrs. +
