Model:TopoFlow-Evaporation-Energy Balance

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Name Scott Peckham
Type of contact Model developer
Institute / Organization CSDMS, INSTAAR, University of Colorado
Postal address 1 1560 30th street
Postal address 2
Town / City Boulder
Postal code 80305
State Colorado
Country USA"USA" is not in the list (Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Andorra, Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria, ...) of allowed values for the "Country" property.
Email address Scott.Peckham@colorado.edu
Phone 303-492-6752
Fax



TopoFlow-Evaporation-Energy Balance


Metadata

Also known as
Model type Single
Model part of larger framework
Note on status model
Date note status model

basins,

Supported platforms
Unix, Linux, Mac OS, Windows
Other platform
Programming language

Python

Other program language None (but uses NumPy package)
Code optimized Single Processor
Multiple processors implemented
Nr of distributed processors
Nr of shared processors
Start year development 2001
Does model development still take place? Yes
If above answer is no, provide end year model development
Code development status
When did you indicate the 'code development status'?
Model availability As code, As teaching tool
Source code availability
(Or provide future intension) 		Through CSDMS repository
Source web address
Source csdms web address
Program license type Apache public license
Program license type other
Memory requirements Standard
Typical run time Minutes to hours


Describe input parameters The input variables for the Energy Balance method of estimating losses due to evaporation are defined as follows: 
Q_SW 	  = net shortwave radiation (W / m^2)
Q_LW 	  = net longwave radiation (W / m^2)
T_air 	  = air temperature (deg C)
T_surf    = surface (snow) temperature (deg C)
T_soil_x  = soil temperature at depth x (deg C)
x 	  = reference depth in soil (m)
K_soil    = thermal conductivity of soil (W / (m deg_C))
u_z 	  = wind velocity at height z (m / s)
z 	  = reference height for wind (m) (above land surface)
z_0 	  = surface roughness height (m) (with no snow)
h0_snow   = initial snow depth (m)
ρ_air 	  = density of the air (kg / m^3)
c_air 	  = specific heat capacity of air (J / (kg deg_C))
L_v 	  = latent heat of vaporization, water (J / kg) (2500000)
g 	  = gravitational constant, Earth = 9.81 (m / s^2)
κ 	  = von Karman's constant = 0.41 (unitless)

The behavior of this component is controlled with a configuration (CFG) file, which may point to other files that contain input data. Here is a sample configuration (CFG) file for this component: 

Method code:            2
Method name:            Energy_Balance
Time step:              Scalar         3600.00000000           (sec)
alpha:                  Scalar         1.20000000              (none)
K_soil:                 Scalar         0.44999999              (W/m/deg_C)
soil_x:                 Scalar         0.05000000              (m)
T_soil_x:               Scalar         0.00000000              (deg C)
Save grid timestep:     Scalar         60.00000000             (sec)
Save er grids:          0              Case5_2D-ETrate.rts     (m/s)
Save pixels timestep:   Scalar         60.00000000             (sec)
Save er pixels:         0              Case5_0D-ETrate.txt     (m/s)
Input format ASCII, Binary
Other input format
Describe output parameters
Output format ASCII, Binary
Other output format
Pre-processing software needed? Yes
Describe pre-processing software Another program must be used to create the input grids. This includes a D8 flow grid derived from a DEM for the region to be modeled. The earlier, IDL version of TopoFlow can be used to create some of these.
Post-processing software needed? Yes
Describe post-processing software None, except visualization software. Grid sequences saved in netCDF files can be viewed as animations and saved as movies using VisIt.
Visualization software needed? Yes
If above answer is yes
Other visualization software VisIt


Describe processes represented by the model The Energy Balance method of estimating losses due to evaporation.
Describe key physical parameters and equations Main equations used by this component: 
ET 	= (1000 * Q_et) / (ρ_water * L_v) 	 = evaporation rate (mm / sec)
Q_et    = (Q_SW + Q_LW + Q_c + Q_h) 	= energy flux used to evaporate water (W / m^2)
Q_c 	= K_soil * (T_soil_x - T_surf) * (100 / x)= conduction energy flux (W / m^2) (between surf. and subsurf.)
Q_h 	= ρ_air * c_air * D_h * (T_air - T_surf)  = sensible heat flux (W / m^2)
D_n 	= u_z * κ^2 / LN((z - h_snow) / z0_air)^2 = bulk exchange coeff. (neutrally stable conditions) (m / s)
D_h 	= D_n / (1 + (10 * Ri)),     (T_air > T_surf) 	= bulk exchange coeff. for heat (m / s) (stable) 
        = D_n * (1 - (10 * Ri)),     (T_air < T_surf) 	= bulk exchange coeff. for heat (m / s) (unstable)
Ri 	= g * z * (T_air - T_surf) / (u_z^2 (T_air + 273.15)) 	= Richardson's number (unitless)
Describe length scale and resolution constraints Recommended grid cell size is around 100 meters, but can be parameterized to run with a wide range of grid cell sizes. DEM grid dimensions are typically less than 1000 columns by 1000 rows.
Describe time scale and resolution constraints Typical timesteps are on the order of seconds to minutes. Model can be run for a full year or longer, if necessary.
Describe any numerical limitations and issues This model/component needs more rigorous testing.


Describe available calibration data sets This model/component is typically not calibrated to fit data, but is run with a best guess or measured value for each input parameter.
Upload calibration data sets if available:
Describe available test data sets Available test data sets:
  • Treynor watershed, in the Nishnabotna River basin, Iowa, USA.
  • (Two large rainfall events.)
  • Small basin in Kentucky.
  • Inclined plane for testing.
  • Arctic watershed data from Larry Hinzman (UAF).
  • See /data/progs/topoflow/3.0/data on CSDMS cluster.
Upload test data sets if available:
Describe ideal data for testing Several test datasets are stored on the CSDMS cluster at: /data/progs/topoflow/3.0/data.


Do you have current or future plans for collaborating with other researchers? Collaborators include: Larry Hinzman (UAF), Bob Bolton, Anna Liljedahl (UAF), Stefan Pohl, Tom Over and others
Is there a manual available? Yes
Upload manual if available:
Model website if any This site.
Model forum / discussion board
Comments About this component:
  • This component was developed as part of the TopoFlow hydrologic model, which was originally written in IDL and had a point-and-click GUI. For more information on TopoFlow, please goto: http://csdms.colorado.edu/wiki/Model:TopoFlow.
  • When used from within the CSDMS Modeling Tool (CMT), this component has "config" button which launches a graphical user interface (GUI) for changing input parameters. The GUI is a tabbed dialog with a Help button at the bottom that displays HTML help in a browser window.
  • This component also has a configuration (CFG) file, with a name of the form: <case_prefix>_channels_diff_wave.cfg. This file can be edited with a text editor.
  • The Numerical Python module (numpy) is used for fast, array-based processing.
  • This model has an OpenMI-style interface, similar to OpenMI 2.0. Part of this interface is inherited from "CSDMS_base.py".


This part will be filled out by CSDMS staff

OpenMI compliant No but planned
BMI compliant Yes
WMT component Yes
PyMT component
Is this a data component

CanCoupleWith, CanCoupleWith, CanCoupleWith, CanCoupleWith, CanCoupleWith, CanCoupleWith, CanCoupleWith, CanCoupleWith, CanCoupleWith, CanCoupleWith, CanCoupleWith,

Model info
Authors
Scott Peckham
Source code
Model citations
Nr. of publications: 1
Total citations: 12
h-index: 1
m-quotient: 0.06
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