Model:Cliffs

Cliffs

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Also known as
Model type	Single
Model part of larger framework
Note on status model
Date note status model

Incorporated models or components:

Spatial dimensions	1D, 2D
Spatial extent	Continental, Global, Landscape-Scale, Patch-Scale, Reach-Scale, Regional-Scale, Watershed-Scale
Model domain	Coastal, Marine
One-line model description	Numerical model to compute tsunami propagation and runup on land in the shallow-water approximation
Extended model description	Cliffs features: Shallow-Water approximation; Use of Cartesian or spherical (lon/lat) coordinates; 1D and 2D configurations; Structured co-located grid with (optionally) varying spacing; Run-up on land; Initial conditions or boundary forcing; Grid nesting with one-way coupling; Parallelized with OpenMP; NetCDF format of input/output data. Cliffs utilizes VTCS-2 finite-difference scheme and dimensional splitting as in (Titov and Synolakis, 1998), and reflection and inundation computations as in (Tolkova, 2014). References: Titov, V.V., and C.E. Synolakis. Numerical modeling of tidal wave runup. J. Waterw. Port Coast. Ocean Eng., 124(4), 157–171 (1998) Tolkova E. Land-Water Boundary Treatment for a Tsunami Model With Dimensional Splitting. Pure and Applied Geophysics, 171(9), 2289-2314 (2014)

Keywords:	Tsunami, Inundation, Runup on land, Shallow-water model,

Name	Elena Tolkova
Type of contact	Model developer
Institute / Organization	NorthWest Research Associates, Inc.
Postal address 1	4118 148th Ave NE
Postal address 2
Town / City	Redmond
Postal code	98052
State	Washington
Country	United States
Email address	e.tolkova@gmail.com
Phone	4258895991
Fax	4255569099

Supported platforms	Unix, Linux, Mac OS
Other platform
Programming language	Fortran90
Other program language
Code optimized	Multiple Processors
Multiple processors implemented	Shared memory
Nr of distributed processors
Nr of shared processors
Start year development	2013
Does model development still take place?	Yes
If above answer is no, provide end year model development
Code development status	Only maintenance
When did you indicate the 'code development status'?	2020
Model availability	As code
Source code availability (Or provide future intension)	Through web repository
Source web address	https://github.com/Delta-function/cliffs-src
Source csdms web address
Program license type	BSD or MIT X11
Program license type other
Memory requirements	100 MB - few GB in 2D, depending on grid size
Typical run time	1 sec - few hrs, depending on 1D or 2D, grid size, and length of simulation

Describe input parameters	integer - type of coordinates (1 - cartesian, otherwise-spherical) DEM file name number of grids enclosed in Master grid enclosed DEMs file names if any still sea threshold minimal flow depth friction coefficient topo flag: 0-wall, otherwise - land inundation depth to place vertical wall, if any time step total amount of steps integer - apply initial deformation to bottom or sea surface integer - flag to continue or stop after input stops (0 for interrupt) number of steps between screenshots number to subsample screenshots in x number to subsample screenshots in y number of timesteps between saving boundary feed to enclosed grids number of steps between maxwave updates number of virtual gages steps between outputs in gage time histories i,j indexes of gage locations on the grid
Input format	ASCII, Binary
Other input format	Input data in NetCDF format: bathymetric grids, and any of the following: boundary input time histories, and/or initial displacement of sea floor or sea surface, and/or either or both components of the initial velocity of the water column.
Describe output parameters	Netcdf binaries of velocities and elevation screenshots in Master grid �Netcdf binary of maximum water surface elevation in Master grid �Netcdf Time histories of the water surface elevation at virtual gages; Netcdf binaries of boundary input time-series for the enclosed grids, one �file for each boundary (east, west, north, south)
Output format	Binary
Other output format	Text log file documenting the program execution.
Pre-processing software needed?	Yes
Describe pre-processing software	To improve stability of the computations, it is recommended to pre-process bathymetry map with depth_ssl (module included with the source code).
Post-processing software needed?	No
Describe post-processing software
Visualization software needed?	Yes
If above answer is yes
Other visualization software	Whatever a user prefers to visualize netcdf data sets

Describe processes represented by the model	Tsunami propagation from a source earthquake to a coastal site, land inundation.
Describe key physical parameters and equations	Shallow-water equations
Describe length scale and resolution constraints	Typical resolution for open-ocean propagation: 2-4 arc-min, near the coast: 30-1 arc-sec; for lab experiments: tens to few cm.
Describe time scale and resolution constraints	Time step is limited by Courant stability criteria (CFL < 1). Typical time step for open-ocean propagation: 15 s; near the coast: 0.5-5 s. Typical simulation time for geophysical tsunamis: few to 36 hours.
Describe any numerical limitations and issues	Subject to CFL stability condition. Sharp depth changes can cause instability even with low Courant numbers. Pre-processing with depth_ssl is recommended (see Cliffs User Manual at http://arxiv.org/abs/1410.0753 )

Describe available calibration data sets	Cliffs is benchmarked as described in: E. Tolkova. Land-Water Boundary Treatment for a Tsunami Model With Dimensional Splitting Pure and Applied Geophysics, Vol. 171, Issue 9 (2014), pp. 2289-2314 Examples of modeling with Cliffs (complete set-ups included) are described in Cliffs User Manual at http://arxiv.org/abs/1410.0753
Upload calibration data sets if available:
Describe available test data sets	http://elena.tolkova.com/Cliffs_data/slpbeach.zip http://elena.tolkova.com/Cliffs_data/OkushiriTsunami.zip for description of the test data sets, see http://arxiv.org/abs/1410.0753
Upload test data sets if available:
Describe ideal data for testing

Do you have current or future plans for collaborating with other researchers?	no plans yet

Is there a manual available?	Yes
Upload manual if available:	Media:Cliffs manual.pdf
Model website if any	http://elena.tolkova.com/Cliffs.htm
Model forum / discussion board

Comments

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OpenMI compliant	No but possible
BMI compliant	No but possible
WMT component	No but possible
PyMT component
Is this a data component

Can be coupled with:

Model info

Authors

Elena Tolkova

Source code

Go to external source code site

Model citations

Nr. of publications:	3
Total citations:	137
h-index:	3
m-quotient:	0.27

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Cliffs

Introduction

History

References

Nr. of publications:	3
Total citations:	137
h-index:	3
m-quotient:	0.27

Featured publication(s)	Year	Model described	Type of Reference	Citations
Tolkova, Elena; 2014. Land–Water Boundary Treatment for a Tsunami Model With Dimensional Splitting. Pure and Applied Geophysics, 171, 2289–2314. 10.1007/s00024-014-0825-8 (View/edit entry)	2014	Cliffs	Model overview	19
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Input Files

Output Files