Model:HydroTrend

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Summary

Technical specs

In/Output

Process

Testing

Other

Component info

Name	Albert Kettner
Type of contact	Model developer
Institute / Organization	CSDMS, INSTAAR, University of Colorado
Postal address 1	1560 30th street
Postal address 2
Town / City	Boulder
Postal code	80309
State	Colorado
Country	USA"USA" is not in the list (Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Andorra, Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria, ...) of allowed values for the "Country" property.
Email address	kettner@colorado.edu
Phone	303-735-5486
Fax	303-492-6388

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HydroTrend

Metadata

Also known as Model type Single Model part of larger framework Note on status model Date note status model basins, Hydrological model, Transport model, Supported platforms Unix, Linux, Mac OS, Windows Other platform Programming language C Other program language Code optimized Single Processor Multiple processors implemented Nr of distributed processors Nr of shared processors Start year development 1992 Does model development still take place? Yes If above answer is no, provide end year model development Code development status When did you indicate the 'code development status'? Model availability As code Source code availability (Or provide future intension) Through CSDMS repository Source web address Source csdms web address Program license type GPL v2 Program license type other Memory requirements 1Gb at the most Typical run time Seconds to minutes Describe input parameters Drainage basin properties (river networks, hypsometry, relief, reservoirs). biophysical parameters (temperature, precipitation, evapo-transpiration, and glacier characteristics). Input format ASCII Other input format Describe output parameters [[Describe output parameters model::Binary output: HYDRO.DIS. File contain a minimum of 6 columns all separated by space. From one to 6 or more: containing velocity, width, depth, Qb, Cs[i](number of columns is equal to the number of grain sizes specified in the input file. Same info is also available by 6 ASCII output files.]] Output format ASCII, Binary Other output format Pre-processing software needed? No Describe pre-processing software Post-processing software needed? No Describe post-processing software Visualization software needed? No If above answer is yes Other visualization software Describe processes represented by the model Precipitation is generated by a climate routine within the model. Snow accumulation and melt,glacier growth and ablation, surface runoff, and groundwater evaporation, retention and recharge. Long and short term sediment discharge is solved by an empirical relation. Describe key physical parameters and equations See: Kettner, A.J., and Syvitski, J.P.M., 2008. HydroTrend version 3.0: a Climate-Driven Hydrological Transport Model that Simulates Discharge and Sediment Load leaving a River System. Computers & Geosciences, Special Issue. More details about the long term sediment routine that is incorporated in the Hydrotrend: Syvitski, J.P.M., Milliman, J.D., 2007. Geology, 115, 1-19. Describe length scale and resolution constraints HydroTrend should be applied to river larger than 100km; and basins smaller than 75000km2. Describe time scale and resolution constraints Minimal runtime: 1yr; up to > 10kyrs Daily discharge is the smallest output timestep Describe any numerical limitations and issues -- Describe available calibration data sets Long term sediment routine: Syvitksi & Milliman, Journal of Geology, 115, 2007. Short term sediment routine: Morehead et al., Global and Planetary Change, 39, 2003. Upload calibration data sets if available: Describe available test data sets Water & sediment discharge of Eel river; Waipaoa river, Po River, Rhone River, Lanyang river, etc. Upload test data sets if available: Describe ideal data for testing Test data would be daily water and sediment discharges over many years together with climate data. Do you have current or future plans for collaborating with other researchers? I have a joined project going on with 5other universities to develop within basin sediment movement. Is there a manual available? No Upload manual if available: Model website if any This site. Model forum / discussion board -- Comments -- This part will be filled out by CSDMS staff OpenMI compliant No but possible BMI compliant Yes WMT component Yes PyMT component Is this a data component CanCoupleWith,

Model info Authors Albert Kettner Source code Go to external source code site DOI Download HydroTrend version: 3.0.2 Doi: 10.1594/IEDA/100135 Model citations Nr. of publications: 56 Total citations: 2278 h-index: 28 m-quotient: 0.9 QR-code Link to this page Other models by author HydroTrend

HydroTrend is made available under the GPL_v3 license. The developer(s) are not responsible for any harm that might be caused by running this program. When applying HydroTrend, please make a reference to: Kettner, A.J., and Syvitski, J.P.M., 2008. HydroTrend version 3.0: a Climate-Driven Hydrological Transport Model that Simulates Discharge and Sediment Load leaving a River System. Computers & Geosciences, 34(10), 1170-1183.

Download statistics

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Introduction

HydroTrend is an ANSI-standard C numerical model that creates synthetic river discharge and sediment load time series as a function of climate trends and basin morphology

HydroTrend is an ANSI-standard C numerical model that creates synthetic river discharge and sediment load time series as a function of climate trends and basin morphology and has been used to study the sediment flux to a basin for basin filling models. As a drainage basin simulator, the model provides time series of daily discharge hydraulics at a river mouth, including the sediment load properties. HydroTrend was designed to provide input to lake or shelf circulation and sedimentation models (Steckler et al., 1996; Syvitski and Alcott, 1995b), and study the impact of land-sea fluxes given climatic change scenarios (Moore, 1992; Syvitski and Andrews, 1994). HydroTrend simulates the major processes that occur in a river basin, including:

• Glacierized areas with advances and retreats depending on the climate scenario,
• Snow accumulation in the winter and melt in the subsequent spring/summer,
• Rainfall over the remaining portions of the basin with canopy evaporation,
• Groundwater recharging and discharging,
• The impact of reservoirs.

Model History

HydroTrend, an ANSI-standard C coded program has been developed over many years by a number of researchers. The program started out with the name "RIVER" and was coded in FORTRAN. Over the years, it's capabilities have been built upon and greatly expanded up to RIVER version 5.11. The model development of RIVER and HydroTrend has been under the direction of by James Syvitski. Here is a small overview of all the primairy authors:

Model Name	Version	Main developer	Date
River	1.0	M. Nicholson	April 1992
River	2.0	T. Maceachern	August 1992
River	3.0	J.M. Alcott	July 1993
River	4.0	M. Nicholson	April 1995
River	5.0	M.D. Morehead	October 1996
River	5.1	M.D. Morehead	August 1997
HydroTrend	1.0	M.D. Morehead	1998 - 1999
HydroTrend	2.0	S.D. Peckham	2000 - 2001
HydroTrend	2.3	A.J. Kettner	2002 - 2004
HydroTrend	3.0.x	A.J. Kettner	2004 - now

Current Users

User community: <properties> Albert Kettner:=kettner@colorado.edu (since January 2002) Irina Overeem:=Irina.Overeem@colorado.edu (since January 2003) Kerry McCarney:=kmccarney@geol.sc.edu (since June, 2006) Camilo Medina:=camilomedi@gmail.com (since October, 2007) Ted Lewis:=limno.ted@gmail.com (since December, 2007) Ilja de Winter:=i.l.dewinter@tudelft.nl (since March, 2008) Phaedra Upton:=P.Upton@gns.cri.nz (since February, 2009) Silke Carmen Lutzmann:=slutzman@uni-bonn.de (since March, 2010) </properties>

Papers

Papers describing HydroTrend

• Kettner, A.J., and Syvitski, J.P.M., 2008. HydroTrend version 3.0: a Climate-Driven Hydrological Transport Model that Simulates Discharge and Sediment Load leaving a River System. Computers & Geosciences, 34(10), 1170-1183, doi:10.1016/j.cageo.2008.02.008.
• Syvitski, J.P.M., Morehead, M.D. and Nicholson, M., 1998. HYDROTREND: A Climate-driven Hydrologic-Transport Model for Predicting Discharge and Sediment Loads to Lakes or Oceans. Computers & Geosciences, 24(1), 51-68, doi:10.1016/S0098-3004(97)00083-6.
• Syvitski, J.P.M., and J.M. Alcott, 1995. RIVER3: Simulation of River Discharge and Sediment Transport. Computers and Geosciences, 21(1), 89-101, doi:10.1016/0098-3004(94)00062-Y.

Papers applying HydroTrend

• Pelletier, J.D. 2009. The impact of snowmelt on the late Cenozoic landscape of the southern Rocky Mountains, USA. GSA Today, 19, doi: 10.1130/GSATG44A.1
• Kettner, A.J., Restrepo, J.D., and Syvitski, J.P.M., in press. Spatial Simulation of Fluvial Sediment Fluxes within an Andean Drainage Basin, the Magdalena River, Colombia. Journal of Geology.
• Kettner, A.J., and Syvitski, J.P.M., 2009. Fluvial responses to perturbations in the Northern Mediterranean since the Last Glacial Maximum. Quaternary Science Reviews, 28, 2386-2397.
• Gomez, B., Yantao C., Kettner, A.J., Peacock, D.H., and Syvitski, J.P.M., 2009. Simulating changes to the sediment transport regime of the Waipaoa River for the twenty-first century. Global and Planetary Change, doi:10.1016/j.gloplacha.2009.02.002.
• Kettner, A.J., and Syvitski, J.P.M., 2008. Predicting discharge and sediment flux of the Po River, Italy since the Last Glacial Maximum, in de Boer, P.L., et al., eds., Analogue and numerical forward modelling of sedimentary systems; from understanding to prediction, International Association of Sedimentologists, special publication, 40, 171-190.
• Kettner, A.J., Gomez, B., and Syvitski, J.P.M., 2008. Human catalysts or climate change: which will have a greater impact on the sediment load of the Waipaoa River in the 21st century? IAHS Publ. 325, 425-431.
• Kettner, A.J., Gomez, B., Hutton, E.W.H., and Syvitski, J.P.M., 2008. Late Holocene dispersal and accumulation of terrigenous sediment on Poverty Shelf, New Zealand. Basin Research, doi:10.1111/j.1365-2117.2008.00376.x
• Kettner, A.J., Gomez, B., and Syvitski, J.P.M., 2007. Modeling suspended sediment discharge from the Waipaoa River system, New Zealand: the last 3000 years. Water Resources Research, 43, W07411 dio:10.1029/2006WR005570.
• Kubo, Y., Syvitski, J.P.M., Hutton, E.W.H., Kettner, A.J., 2006. Inverse modeling of post Last Glacial Maximum transgressive sedimentation using 2D-Sedflux: Application to the northern Adriatic Sea. Marine Geology, 234, 233-243.
• Morehead, M., Syvitski, J.P.M, and Hutton, E.W.H., 2001. The link between abrupt climate change and basin stratigraphy: A numerical approach. Global and Planetary Science, 28, 115-135.
• Morehead, M.D., Syvitski, J.P.M., Hutton, E.W.H., and Peckham, S.D. 2003. Modeling the temporal variability in the flux of sediment from ungauged river basins. Global and Planetary Change, 39, 95-110.
• Overeem, I., Syvitski, J.P.M., Hutton, E.W.H., and Kettner, A.J., 2005. Stratigraphic variability due to uncertainty in model boundary conditions: A case-study of the New Jersey Shelf over the last 40,000 years. Marine Geology, 224, 23-41.
• Pratson, L.F., Hutton, E.W.H., Kettner, A.J., and Syvitski, J.P.M., 2007. The impact of floods and storms on the acoustic reflectivity of the inner continental shelf: A modeling assessment. Continental Shelf Research, 27, 542-559.
• Pratson, L.F., Swenson, J., Kettner, A.J., Fedele, J.J., Postma, G., Niedoroda, A.W., Friedrichs, C.T., Syvitski, J.P.M., Paola, C., Steckler, M.S., and Hutton, E.W.H., 2004. Modeling Continental Shelf Formation in the Adriatic Sea and Elsewhere. Oceanography, 17(4), 118-131.
• Syvitski, J.P.M. 2002, Sediment discharge variability in Arctic Rivers: Implications for a Warmer Future. Polar Research, 21(2), 323-330.
• Syvitski, J.P.M., and Kettner, A.J., 2007. On the flux of water and sediment into the Northern Adriatic Sea. Continental Shelf Research, 27, 296-308.
• Syvitski, J.P.M. and Morehead, M.D., 1999. Estimating river-sediment discharge to the ocean: Application to the Eel Margin, northern California. Marine Geology, 154, 13-28.
• Syvitski, J.P.M., Kettner, A.J., Correggiari, A., and Nelson, B.W., 2005. Distributary Channels and their Impact on Sediment Dispersal. Marine Geology, 222-223, 75-94.
• Syvitski, J.P.M, Kettner, A.J., Peckham, S.D., Kao, S-J., 2005. Predicting the Flux of Sediment to the Coastal Zone: Application to the Lanyang watershed, northern Taiwan. Journal of Coastal Research, 21(3), 580-587.
• Syvitski, J.P.M., Morehead, M.D., Bahr, D., and Mulder, T., 2000. Estimating fluvial sediment transport: the Rating Parameters. Water Resource Research, 36(9), 2747-2760.
• Syvitski, J.P.M., Peckham, S.D., Hilberman, R.D., and Mulder, T., 2003. Predicting the terrestrial flux of sediment to the global ocean: a planetary perspective. Sedimentary Geology, 162, 5-24.

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HydroTrend Issues

Error reports:
This would be the place to leave any comments. Please provide your name and add a date to the comment. I'll try to answer your questions as soon as possible but feel free as HydroTrend user to provide any comments as well.

1. Request: Add multiple hypsometry input to HydroTrend --Ted, 03/10/2008.
   1. The option to have multiple hypsometry input files (to simulate e.g. changing sea-level) was taken out as HydroTrend web version isn't supporting that option (too many files would have to be uploaded). However, I added the option again in HydroTrend_3.0.1. I haven't fully tested it so please let me know if you continue to find bugs --Albert 03/11/2008
2. Bug 1: "bus error" when simulating an arctic river in extremely cold climate conditions. --Ilja, 03/13/2008.
   1. Error was generated as the entire drainage basin became glaciated. I build in a new error message warning the user that the whole basin has become glaciated. HydroTrend will stop after that, as the program is not designed for such systems. This is incorporated in HydroTrend_3.0.2 --WikiSysop 09:55, 14 March 2008 (MDT)
3. Bug 2: "nan" generated if peakflood values are above the maximal possible peakflood. --Ilja, 03/13/2008.
   1. True bug; error was only generated in extreme cold environments. The 13th is not my lucky day for sure. Solved as well in version HydroTrend_3.0.2 --WikiSysop 09:55, 14 March 2008 (MDT)
4. Request: Replace the hardwired evapotranspiration parameter to the Hydro.in file so users can adjust this parameter to region specific evapotranspirations --Kerry, 06/30/2008.
   1. Oops, forgot to close this issue but adjusted the input file such that you can specify the evapotranspiration parameters yourself. (July 2008) See HydroTrend_3.0.3 --WikiSysop 14:33, 23 August 2008 (MDT)
5. Request: Get the bedload variables incorporated in the input file (so not hardwired any more. --Jon Pelletier, 01/14/2009.
   1. A new line is added to the input file (27a) where people can change the bedload rating coefficient value--WikiSysop 16:34, 14 January 2009 (MST)
6. Possible 'bug' in sediment

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HydroTrend Help

Input files

There are 2 input files required to run the model: HYDRO.IN and HYDRO0.HYPS. You can use an optional input file (HYDRO.CLIMATE) to specify daily precipitation and temperature events if you do not want to use the climate generator build in to HydroTrend. Each file has it's own format which are discussed below together with an explanation of each of the input parameters.

HYDRO.IN

Explanation table for HYDRO.IN input file. Download this example HYDRO.IN file In case you want to set up a HydroTrend run for your specific river drainage basin.

Line #	Description	Explanation
1	Title	This first line of the input file, is written to a header line in many of the output files and is used to track the model runs. Up to 119 characters are read. You can set a title for each run, not per epoch!
2	ASCII on/off	This option allows you to turn the option of writing output to ASCII files on or off. If it's turned on 6 ASCII files will be created. All the output is standard written to a binary file which is readable by matlab. Notice: If you are running the model for more than 20.000 years the option will automatically set to OFF. This because the files sizes are getting to big to handle.
3	Set output directory	Defines location where the output data will be stored. (This option is not available in the web version of HydroTrend).
4	Nepochs	Defines the number of climate epochs to run. A HydroTrend epoch is a period of time over which linear (or no) climate change accurs. If you are running more than 1 epoch start copying the lines after this input, (so starting from line 5) all down to the bottom and past the block with a blance line between each epoch.
5	Syear, Nyears, timestep	Syear: Defines the start year for this epoch. The years are used in many of the ouput files. Nyears: Number of model years for this epoch. Note that for following epochs the start year must match the end year of the previous epoch, syear[ep + 1] == syear[ep] + nyears[ep]. Timestep: HydroTrend always runs on a daily time step. This variable defines the time step over which the data output are averaged. D = daily, M = monthly, S = Seasonally, Y = yearly.
6	Number of grain sizes	The number of grain sizes (max = 10) to simulate for the suspended sediment load.
7	Proportion of sediment	The proportion of sediment in each grain size. The number of values on this line should match the number specified by line 6, and should sum to one. (sum[nr. of grain] == 1).
8	Tstart, Tchange, Tstd.	Tstart: The beginning annual mean temperature (°C) for this climate epoch. Tstart should be warmer than -20°C and colder than 30°C. Tchange: The trend or change per year in the annual temperatures for this epoch (°C/annum). Must lie in the range between +1 or -1°C. Tstd.: The standard deviation about the trend line that the annual temperatures will have. Must lie in the range between -5 and 5.
9	Pstart, Pchange, Pstd.	Pstart: The beginning total annual precipitation (m) for this climate epoch. Pstart lies in the range between -5 and 5. Pchange: The trend or change in the total annual precipitation that will occur during this epoch (m/annum). Pchange lies in the range between -0.5 and 0.5. Pstd.: The standard deviation about the trend line that the annual precipitation will have. Pstd lies in the range between -2 and 2.
10	P mass balance coef., Distribution exp., Distribution range.	P mass balance coef.: Rain mass balance coefficient. Typically for modern climate simulations, Pstart will be from observations. A point measurement will typically not represent the entire basin and will need to be scaled up or down to provide the correct amount of basin wide precipitation. This variable is used to scale the total annual precipitation (Pstart). P mass balance coefficient lies between 0 to 10. Distribution exp.: A skewed gaussian distribution is used to create the precipitation which creates realistic tails for the precipitation events. This exponent is the skew factor and lies between 1 and 2. Distribution range: This variable defines the width function for the skewed gaussian distribution of the simulated precipitation and lies between 0 and 10.
11	Baseflow	Defines the constant annual base flow (m3/s) which occurs in the basin. This is analogous to a deep groundwater pool. Baseflow should be bigger than 0 and smaller than the total precipitation discharge.
12-23	Monthly climate variables	The monthly climate variables are used to create the daily temperature and precipitation time series. If you are looking for data, The National Climate Data Centre (NCDC) has climate records of over a 10000 weather stations around the world, see GLOBALSOD. If you uploaded a climate file as described on the hydrotrend webpage, just fill out fake numbers. Hydrotrend will read the lines 13-24 but won't use the values (so don't leave them blank)! Column 1: Month name: this is not used in HydroTrend, but is useful for the user. Column 2: Tnominal: The average monthly mean temperature (°C) before correction for the climate frends. (Lies between -50 and 50°C). Column 3: Tnomstd: The monthly temperature standard deviation (Lies between 0 and 10). Column 4: Pnominal: The total monthly rainfall (mm) before correction for the climate trends (Lies between 0 and 1000). Column 5: Pnomstd: The monthly rainfall standard deviation (Lies between 0 and 1000).
24	Lapse rate	This lapse rate (°C/km) is used to calculate the daily temperatures in each of the altitude bins, which are in turn used to determine where it snows or rains and where the freezing line is. Lapse rate is defined between 1 and 10.
25	ELAstart, ELAchange	ELAstart: The starting glacier equilibrium line altitude (m). Should be bigger than 0. ELAchange: The ELA change per year (m/a). The ELA at the beginning of one epoch must match the ELA at the end of the precious epoch. elastart[ep + 1] == elastart[ep] + nyears[ep]*elachange[ep].
26	Dry precipitation evaporation fraction	The percentage of the dry precipitation (nival&ice) which will be evaporated. Lies between 0.0 and 0.9.
27	Delta plain gradient	The average slope of the river bed delta (gradient) is used in calculations of bedload transport and lies between 0.000001 and 0.01.
28	River length	The length of the river basin (km), used for flow routing, lies between 10 and 10000.
29	Volume, altitude or drainage area of Reservoirs	Volume (km3), altitude (m) or drainage area (d) above a reservoir in drainage basin. If the reservoir capacity is more than 0.5km3, Trap Efficiency (TEbasin) will be calculated based by: (TEbasin = 1.0 - (0.05 / exp(Rvol/RQbar)0.5, where Rvol = Reservoir volume and RQbar = the mean inflow discharge). If the reservoir capacity is less than 0.5km3, (TEbasin = ( 1.0 - (1.0 / (1 + 0.0021 *D * ((Rvol * 1e9) / Rarea)))) where Rvol = Reservoir volume and Rarea (km2) = drainage area above the Reservoir) and D, set to 0.1, represents the reservoir characteristics .
30	Velocity coef (k), exponent (m)	(k): The river mouth velocity coefficient (m): The river mouth velocity exponent, See explanation line 32. .
31	Width coef. (a), exponent (b)	(a): The river mouth width coefficient (b): The river mouth width exponent. The velocity (v), width(w) and depth (d) of the river mouth are defined by the hydraulic geometry : Where: v=k*Qm, w=a*Qb, d=c*Qf and the discharge: Q=w*v*d. Therefore: a*c*k = 1 and b+m+f = 1.
32	Average velocity	The average river velocity (m/s), used for flow routing, lies between 0.1 and 5
33	Max, Min groundwater storage	Max groundwater storage: The maximum groundwater pool storage (m3), lies between 2.0 and 1e15. Min groundwater storage: The minimum groundwater storage (m3), lies between 1.0 and max value.
34	Initial groundwater storage	The initial groundwater storage, lies between max en min groundwater storage, defined in line 33.
35	Groundwater coefficient, groundwater exponent	Groundwater coefficient: The shallow groundwater (sub-surface storm flow) coefficient (m3/s) is used in draining the groundwater pool to the river, lies between 1 and 1e5. Groundwater exponent: The shallow groundwater (sub-surface storm flow) exponent is used in draining the groundwater pool to the river, lies between 0.5 and 2.
36	Ko	Saturated hydraulic conductivity (mm/day), lies between 10 and 1000. See table for Saturated hydraulic conductivity in relation to texture.
37	longitude, Latitude position	The longitude and latitude geographic position of the river mouth (decimal degrees).
38	Nr. of Outlets of Delta	The number of outlets in a delta (max 10). If their is no delta, set value to 1.
39	Fraction discharge per outlet	Fraction of discharge for each outlet (sum=1). If line 38 is 1, fraction is also 1.
40	Maximum flood event	If Qpeak > Max flood event: nr. Of outlets or Fraction Q (line 39) changes
41	Sediment trapping by delta	Fraction sediment trapped in delta (0 - 0.9).
42	Set which Qsbar formula to use	Qsbar = QRT Qsbar = ART Qsbar = BQART See also
43	Lithology factor (L)	Sediment production varies with lithology, hard versus weak lithology: (0.5 - 3). See also L=0.5 for basins comprised principally of hard, acid plutonic and/or high-grade metamorphic rocks. L=0.75 for basins comprised of mixed, mostly hard lithology, sometimes including shield material. L=1.0 for basins comprised of volcanic, mostly basaltic rocks, or carbonate outcrops, or mixture of hard and soft lithologies. L=1.5 for basins characterized by a predominance of softer lithologies, but having a significant area of harder lithologies. L=2 for fluvial systems draining a high proportion of sedimentary rocks, unconsolidated sedimentary cover, or alluvial deposits. L=3 for basins having an abundance of exceptionally weak material, such as crushed rock, or loess deposits, or shifting sand dunes.
44	Anthropogenic factor (Eh)	Anthropogenic factor (0.3 - 8.0), disturbance to landscape. Eh = 0.3: for basins with a high density population (PD > 200 km2) and GNP/capita > $15K/y Eh = 1.0: for basins with low human footprint (PD smaller than 50 km2) Eh = 2.0 - 8.0: for basins with the high density population (PD > 200 km2) and GNP/capita is lower than $1K/y See also

References

Saturated hydraulic conductivity

Saturated hydraulic conductivity rates shown in the table below are in relation to texture and are only a general guide. Differences in bulk density may alter the rates shown below.
Table 2: General values for Saturated hydraulic conductivity

SOIL TEXTURAL CLASSES & RELATED SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY CLASSES					HydroTrend values
Texture	Textural Class	General	Ksat Class	Ksat Rate (um/sec.)	Ksat Rate (mm/day)
Coarse sand	Coarse	Sandy	V. rapid	> 141.14	> 1219.45
Sand			Rapid	141.14-42.34	1219.45-364.95
Loam sand
Sandy loam Fi.san.loam	Mod. coarse	Loamy	Mod. Rapid	42.34-14.11	364.95-121.91
v. fi. sa. loam loam silt loam silt	Medium		Moderate	14.11-4.23	121.91-36.55
clay loam sa. cl. loam si. cl. loam	Mod. fine		Mod. slow	4.23-1.41	36.55-12.18
sandy clay silty clay clay	Fine and very fine	Clayey	Slow	1.41-0.42	12.18-3.63
Cd horizon Natric horizon, fragipan, ortstein			V. slow or impermeable	0.42-0.00	3.63-0.00

HYDRO0.HYPS

The HYDRO0.HYPS file is an ASCII file that provides the model with a hypsometry curve, describing the area - relief relation of the studied river basin. HydroTrend determines the freezing and the snow line based on this information. Under conditions of changing sea level the basin hypsometry curve might be altered as well. In that case you want to run multiple epochs that each have a different hypsometry file. Therefore a number is added in the file name. For example if the simulation contains 2 epochs you need 2 hypsometry files named HYDRO0.HYPS and HYDRO1.HYPS.

This is the format of the file in case you want to create a HYDRO0.HYPS from scratch:

-------------------------------------------------
Hypsometry input file for HYDROTREND
First line: number of hypsometric bins
Other lines: altitude (m) and area in (km^2) data
-------------------------------------------------
3
1	208.9168081
51	375.2451287
101	536.0996727

were the first 5 lines are the header followed by the number of hypsometric bins (in this case 3), followed by 3 lines containing altitude and the cumulative area at that elevation, starting close to sea level (between 0 - 50m). The elevation increases should go in steps not larger than 50m, and each elevation step should be increasing with the same elevation. Also, the cumulative area always has to increase!

The separation of elevation and cumulative area could be several spaces or just a tab. Notice that the starting elevation as well as the basin area at that point should be always positive. So for sea level change studies that affect the drainage basin, make sure that the sea level is your base level (so always start the hypsometric bins with 0 - 50 m of elevation and than the highest point of the basin will change.

You can download the following HYDRO0.HYPS example file and alter it for your river drainage basin. Hypsometric curves can be created with any GIS software. However, RiverTools is very straight forward to use for this.

HYDRO.CLIMATE

The HYDRO.CLIMATE file is an optional ASCII file that can be used to simulate fluvial water discharge and sediment load for a specific climate event. The file needs to contain climate data (temperature and precipitation) for at least 1 year (the shortest simulation time for HydroTrend). Climate statistics from the HYDRO.IN file will be used when there is no HYDRO.CLIMATE file in the input directory.

This is the format of the file in case you want to create a HYDRO.CLIMATE from scratch:

--------------------------------------------------------------------
Climate input file for Hydrotrend. DO NOT REMOVE THOSE LINES
First line: the number of rows of input values and dt [hours]
Rest lines: Total precipitation (mm) and average temperature in degrees C.
Values are per timestep.
--------------------------------------------------------------------
10950	24
0	-23.92
0	-23.92
0	-23.92
... etc ...

were the first 6 lines are the header followed by the number of climate records (in this case 10950, only 3 lines are showed) and the time interval specified in hours (so in this example we deal with daily average temperature and daily total precipitation), followed by lines of precipitation (in mm) and temperature (in degrees Celsius). Precipitation and temperature data can be separated either with a tab or by 1 or more spaces.

You can download an example HYDRO.CLIMATE file an modify it for your river drainage basin. CSDMS might have some good climate source suggestions in case you are searching for climate data for your river basin.

Output files

ASCII output

General ASCII output files
A summary table of information is output to HYDRO.LOG. Mean annual and total annual values of many model parameters (discharge, load, basin temperature, precipitation, etc.) are written to a set of annual trend files (HYDRO.TRN1, HYDRO.TRN2, and HYDRO.TRN3). These annual trend files are useful for verifying climate ranges and trends and to check total discharge and sediment load. HYDRO.STAT is representing the used water and sediment equations and their statistics per epoch.

Optional ASCII output files
It's possible, to write all the output data to ASCII files. This option can be turned 'ON' or 'OFF' in the HYDRO.IN file. Notice that ASCII files are larger than binary output.
When the ASCII option is turned 'ON' the following files will be created:

• HYDROASCII.CS; containing columns of sediment per time of each sediment size. Columns are seporated by a space
• HYDROASCII.Q; contains one column, discharge
• HYDROASCII.QB
• HYDROASCII.QS
• HYDROASCII.VWD; contains three columns separated by a space: Velocity, width and dept at the river mouth.

Binary output

There are 2 binary output files, named HYDRO.DIS and HYDRO.CONVDIS. Both files contain the same data, which is a minimum of 6 columns all seporated by space. From one to 6 or more: it contains velocity, width, depth, Qb, Cs[i](number of columns is equal to the number of grainsizes specified in the input file) and Total Cs. All values are defined as floats. Matlab can handle the format. The binary file are platform dependant. A swapped version of the output file is created for other platforms: HYDRO.CONVDIS file (this is the swabbed version of HYDRO.DIS).

Matlab tools to visualize
The binary file is created in such a way that it is easy to analyse with matlab. 3 matlab macro files are created to analyse the file. Follow the steps to use the matlab macro files.

• Download the files.
• Unzip the files.
• Place the files in your matlab mfiles directory.
• Set properties of the macro files to to 755.
• Set the pathname of your mfiles directory if this is not yet done. (Goto menu: file, Set Path.; Add Folder <the pathname of the mfiles directory>; Save)
• You are ready to use the macro's. Go to Command Window.
• Example: <PlotRiver HYDRO.DIS> is actualy plotting the data (see figure below).

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Download source code