Summary
Also known as
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Model type
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Single
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Model part of larger framework
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Note on status model
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Date note status model
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basins,
Technical specs
Supported platforms
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Unix, Linux, Mac OS, Windows
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Other platform
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Programming language
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Python
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Other program language
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None (but uses NumPy package)
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Code optimized
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Single Processor
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Multiple processors implemented
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Nr of distributed processors
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Nr of shared processors
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Start year development
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2001
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Does model development still take place?
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Yes
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If above answer is no, provide end year model development
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Code development status
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When did you indicate the 'code development status'?
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Model availability
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As code, As teaching tool
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Source code availability (Or provide future intension)
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Through CSDMS repository
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Source web address
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Source csdms web address
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Program license type
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Apache public license
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Program license type other
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Memory requirements
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Standard
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Typical run time
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Minutes to hours
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In/Output
Describe input parameters
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The input variables used for modeling infiltration and unsaturated vertical flow with the 1D Richard's equation are defined as follows:
K_s = saturated hydraulic conductivity (m / s)
K_i = initial hydraulic conductivity (m / s) (typically much less than K_s)
θ_s = soil water content at ψ = 0 (unitless) (often set to the soil porosity, φ)
θ_i = initial soil water content (unitless)
θ_r = residual soil water content (unitless) (must be < θ_i)
ψ_B = bubbling pressure head (meters) (also called air-entry pressure, ψ_ae)
ψ_A = pressure head offset parameter (meters)
λ = pore-size distribution parameter (unitless) (alt. notation = 1/b )
η = 2 + (3 * λ) (unitless) (see Notes)
c = transitional Brooks-Corey curvature parameter (unitless) (see Notes)
dznodes = vertical distance between nodes (meters)
nnodes = number of subsurface vertical nodes
The behavior of this component is controlled with a configuration (CFG) file, which may point to other files that contain input data.
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Input format
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ASCII, Binary
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Other input format
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Describe output parameters
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Output format
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ASCII, Binary
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Other output format
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Pre-processing software needed?
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Yes
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Describe pre-processing software
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Another program must be used to create the input grids. This includes a D8 flow grid derived from a DEM for the region to be modeled. The earlier, IDL version of TopoFlow can be used to create some of these.
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Post-processing software needed?
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Yes
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Describe post-processing software
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None, except visualization software. Grid sequences saved in netCDF files can be viewed as animations and saved as movies using VisIt.
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Visualization software needed?
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Yes
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If above answer is yes
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Other visualization software
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VisIt
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Process
Describe processes represented by the model
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The Richards 1D method for modeling infiltration.
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Describe key physical parameters and equations
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Equations Used by the 1D Richards' Equation Method
v = K * (1 - ψ_z) = Darcy's Law for vertical flow rate (m / s)
v_z = J - θ_t = conservation of mass, with source/sink term J
Θ_e = (θ - θ_r) / (θ_s - θ_r) = effective saturation or scaled water content (unitless)
θ_r = θ_s ( abs(ψ_B) / 10000)^λ = residual water content (unitless)
K = K_s * Θ_e^η/λ = hydraulic conductivity (m / s) (see Notes below)
ψ = ψ_B (Θ_e^-c/λ - 1)^1/c - ψ_A = pressure head (meters) (see Notes below)
These equations are used to compute the time evolution of 1D (vertical, subsurface) profiles for (1) soil moisture, θ, (2) pressure head, ψ, (3) hydraulic conductivity, K and (4) vertical flow rate, v. TopoFlow solves these equations separately to get time-evolving profiles for every grid cell in a DEM. The result is a 3D grid for each of these four variables that spans the unsaturated zone. The third equation above just defines a variable that is used in the 4th and 5th equations, so the coupled set constitutes 4 equations to be solved for 4 unknowns. These equations can be combined into one nonlinear, parabolic, second-order PDE (partial differential equation) known as the one-dimensional Richards' equation.
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Describe length scale and resolution constraints
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Recommended grid cell size is around 100 meters, but can be parameterized to run with a wide range of grid cell sizes. DEM grid dimensions are typically less than 1000 columns by 1000 rows.
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Describe time scale and resolution constraints
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The basic stability condition is: dt < (dx / u_min), where dt is the timestep, dx is the grid cell size and u_min is the smallest velocity in the grid. This ensures that flow cannot cross a grid cell in less than one time step. Typical timesteps are on the order of seconds to minutes. Model can be run for a full year or longer, if necessary.
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Describe any numerical limitations and issues
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This model/component needs more rigorous testing.
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Testing
Describe available calibration data sets
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This model/component is typically not calibrated to fit data, but is run with a best guess or measured value for each input parameter.
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Upload calibration data sets if available:
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Describe available test data sets
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Available test data sets:
- Treynor watershed, in the Nishnabotna River basin, Iowa, USA.
- (Two large rainfall events.)
- Small basin in Kentucky.
- Inclined plane for testing.
- Arctic watershed data from Larry Hinzman (UAF).
- See /data/progs/topoflow/3.0/data on CSDMS cluster.
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Upload test data sets if available:
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Describe ideal data for testing
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Several test datasets are stored on the CSDMS cluster at: /data/progs/topoflow/3.0/data.
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Other
Do you have current or future plans for collaborating with other researchers?
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Collaborators include: Larry Hinzman (UAF), Bob Bolton, Anna Liljedahl (UAF), Stefan Pohl and others
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Is there a manual available?
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Yes
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Upload manual if available:
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Model website if any
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This site.
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Model forum / discussion board
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Comments
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About this component:
- This component was developed as part of the TopoFlow hydrologic model, which was originally written in IDL and had a point-and-click GUI. For more information on TopoFlow, please goto: http://csdms.colorado.edu/wiki/Model:TopoFlow.
- When used from within the CSDMS Modeling Tool (CMT), this component has "config" button which launches a graphical user interface (GUI) for changing input parameters. The GUI is a tabbed dialog with a Help button at the bottom that displays HTML help in a browser window.
- This component also has a configuration (CFG) file, with a name of the form: <case_prefix>_channels_diff_wave.cfg. This file can be edited with a text editor.
- The Numerical Python module (numpy) is used for fast, array-based processing.
- This model has an OpenMI-style interface, similar to OpenMI 2.0. Part of this interface is inherited from "CSDMS_base.py".
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Download statistics
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Introduction
History
Papers
Issues
Help
Input Files
Output Files
Download source code
Template:Download Model
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