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{{Infobox Model
{{Model identity
|model name              = Alpine3D
|Model type=Modular
|developer                = Bavay, Mathias
|one-line-description    = 3D model of alpine surface processes 
|type                     = Model
|source                  = [[image:Red1.png]]
}}
}}
<!-- Edit the part above to update info on other papers -->
{{Start models incorporated}}
 
{{Models incorporated
== Alpine3D ==
|Incorporated modules=SNOWPACK
__TOC__
}}
 
{{Models incorporated
===Introduction===
|Incorporated modules=meteoio
 
}}
=== History ===
{{End a table}}
 
{{Model identity2
=== Papers ===
|ModelDomain=Terrestrial, Cryosphere
 
|Spatial dimensions=2D
=== Alpine3D Questionnaire ===
|Spatialscale=Regional-Scale, Landscape-Scale, Watershed-Scale, Reach-Scale
 
|One-line model description=3D model of alpine surface processes
==== Contact Information ====
|Extended model description=Alpine3D is a model for high resolution simulation of alpine surface processes, in particular snow processes. The model can be forced by measurements from automatic weather stations or by meteorological model outputs (this is handled by the MeteoIO pre-processing library). The core three-dimensional Alpine3D modules consist of a radiation balance model (which uses a view factor approach and includes shortwave scattering and longwave emission from terrain and tall vegetation) and a drifting snow model solving a diffusion equation for suspended snow and a saltation transport equation. The processes in the atmosphere are thus treated in three dimensions and coupled to a distributed one dimensional model of vegetation, snow and soil model (Snowpack) using the assumption that lateral exchange is small in these media. The model can be used to force a distributed catchment hydrology model (AlpineFlow). The model modules can be run in a parallel mode, using either OpenMP and/or MPI. Finally, the Inishell tool provides a GUI for configuring and running Alpine3D.
 
{| class="wikitable"
| class="model_col1"| Model:
| class="model_col2"| Alpine3D
|-
| class="model_col1"| Contact person:
| class="model_col2"| Mathias Bavay (Technical contact)
|-
| class="model_col1"| Institute:
| class="model_col2"| WSL/SLF
|-
| class="model_col1"| City:
| class="model_col2"| Davos Dorf
|-
| class="model_col1"| Country:
| class="model_col2"| Switzerland
|-
| class="model_col1"| Email:
| class="model_col2"| bavay@slf.ch
|-
| class="model_col1"| 2nd person involved:
| class="model_col2"| Michael Lehning (Model developer)
|-
| class="model_col1"| 3rd person involved:
| class="model_col2"| --
|-
|}
 
==== Model Description ====
 
{| class="wikitable" 
| class="model_col1"| Model type:
| class="model_col2"| Modular model for the terrestrial.
|-
| class="model_col1"| Description:
| class="model_col2"| Alpine3D is a model for high resolution simulation of alpine surface processes, in particular snow processes. The model can be driven by measurements from automatic weather stations or by meteoro-logical model outputs. The core three-dimensional Alpine3D modules consist of a radiation balance model (which uses a view factor approach and includes shortwave scattering and longwave emission from terrain and tall vegetation) and a drifting snow model solving a diffusion equation for suspended snow and a saltation transport equation. The processes in the atmosphere are thus treated in three dimensions and coupled to a distributed one dimensional model of vegetation, snow and soil model (Snowpack) using the assumption that lateral exchange is small in these media. The model is completed by a conceptual runoff module. The model modules can be run in a parallel mode, using the POP-C++ toolkit, using a grid infrastructure to allow computationally demanding tasks.


Alpine3D is a valuable tool to investigate surface dynamics in mountains and is currently used to investigate snow cover dynamics for avalanche warning and permafrost development and vegetation changes under climate change scenarios. It could also be used to create accurate soil moisture assessments for meteorological and flood forecasting.
Alpine3D is a valuable tool to investigate surface dynamics in mountains and is currently used to investigate snow cover dynamics for avalanche warning and permafrost development and vegetation changes under climate change scenarios. It could also be used to create accurate soil moisture assessments for meteorological and flood forecasting.
|-
}}
|}
{{Start model keyword table}}
 
{{Model keywords
==== Technical information ====
|Model keywords=alpine surface processes
 
}}
{| class="wikitable" 
{{Model keywords
| class="model_col1"| Supported platforms:
|Model keywords=snow dynamics
| class="model_col2"| UNIX, Linux
}}
|-
{{End a table}}
| class="model_col1"| Programming language:
{{Modeler information
| class="model_col2"| Fortran77, C, C++
|First name=Mathias
|-
|Last name=Bavay
| class="model_col1"| Model development started at:
|Type of contact=Project manager
| class="model_col2"| 1997 and development still takes place.
|Institute / Organization=WSL/SLF
|-
|Postal address 1=Flüelastrasse 13
| class="model_col1"| To what degree will the model become available:
|Town / City=Davos Dorf
| class="model_col2"| Source code & executable will be available
|Postal code=7260
|-
|Country=Switzerland
| class="model_col1"| Current license type:
|Email address=bavay@slf.ch
| class="model_col2"| GPLv3
|Phone=0814170265
|-
}}
| class="model_col1"| Memory requirements:
{{Additional modeler information
| class="model_col2"| several Gbits (depends on the surface that is simulated)
|Additional first name=Michael
|-
|Additional last name=Lehning
| class="model_col1"| Typical run time:
|Additional type of contact=Model developer
| class="model_col2"| hours to days
|Additional country=Switzerland
|}
}}
 
{{Additional modeler information
==== Input / Output description ====
|Additional first name=Nander
 
|Additional last name=Wever
{| class="wikitable"
|Additional type of contact=Model developer
| class="model_col1"| Input parameters:
|Additional country=United States
| class="model_col2"| The area to be simulated has to be described (DEM, landuse). The meteorological input data (air temperature, relative humidity, precipitations...) have to be described (units, interpolations types). Some parameters about the model itself must be given (precision of the radiation ray tracing algorithms, characteristic lengths, parameters for a bucket model of runoff...)
}}
|-
{{Additional modeler information
| class="model_col1"| Input format:
|Additional first name=Adrien
| class="model_col2"| ASCII
|Additional last name=Michel
|-
|Additional type of contact=Model developer
| class="model_col1"| Output parameters:
|Additional country=Switzerland
| class="model_col2"| for every grid cell: air and surface temperature, relative humidity, short and long wave radiation, snow height, snow water content, albedo
}}
{{Model technical information
|Supported platforms=Unix, Linux, Mac OS
|Programming language=C++
|Code optimized=Multiple Processors
|Multiple processors implemented=Distributed memory, Shared memory
|Start year development=2006
|Does model development still take place?=Yes
|DevelopmentCode=Active
|DevelopmentCodeYearChecked=2024
|Model availability=As code
|Source code availability=Through web repository
|Source web address=https://alpine3d.slf.ch
|Program license type=GPL v3
|Memory requirements=several Gbits (depends on the surface that is simulated)
|Typical run time=hours to days
}}
{{Input - Output description
|Describe input parameters=The area to be simulated has to be described (DEM, landuse). The meteorological input data (air temperature, relative humidity, precipitations...) have to be described (units, interpolations types). Some parameters about the model itself must be given (precision of the radiation ray tracing algorithms, characteristic lengths, parameters for a bucket model of runoff...)
|Input format=ASCII
|Describe output parameters=for every grid cell: air and surface temperature, relative humidity, short and long wave radiation, snow height, snow water content, albedo


Global outputs: catchment discharge, surface and subsurface flow
Global outputs: catchment discharge, surface and subsurface flow


At user defined locations: full snow profiles (temperature profile, grain types, grain sizes, density, water content, liquid water content)
At user defined locations: full snow profiles (temperature profile, grain types, grain sizes, density, water content, liquid water content)
|Output format=ASCII
|Other output format=netCDF
|Pre-processing software needed?=No
|Post-processing software needed?=No
|Visualization software needed?=Yes
|Other visualization software=any software able to visualize data in a 2D grid
}}
{{Process description model
|Describe processes represented by the model=Alpine3D is a model for high resolution simulation of alpine surface processes, in particular snow processes. The model can be driven by measurements from automatic weather stations or by meteorological model outputs. The core three-dimensional Alpine3D modules consist of a radiation balance model (which uses a view factor approach and includes shortwave scattering and longwave emission from terrain and tall vegetation) and a drifting snow model solving a diffusion equation for suspended snow and a saltation transport equation. The processes in the atmosphere are thus treated in three dimensions and coupled to a distributed one dimensional model of vegetation, snow and soil model (Snowpack) using the assumption that lateral exchange is small in these media.
|Describe key physical parameters and equations=Snow settling, temperature diffusion, snow saltation and suspension, snow metamorphism, terrain radiation.
|Describe length scale and resolution constraints=The model has been used with cells from 5 meters up to kilometers scale.
|Describe time scale and resolution constraints=The time scale constraints usually comes from the input meteorological data: each time step must be provided with a set of input data.
|Describe any numerical limitations and issues=Overall, the model is very computationally intensive. It is usually ran on a grid or a cluster.
}}
{{Model testing}}
{{Users groups model
|Do you have current or future plans for collaborating with other researchers?=The underlying 1D model (SNOWPACK) is widely used by various collaborating researchers/institutions, both for research applications and for operational applications (avalanche warning services in multiple countries)
}}
{{Documentation model
|Manual model available=Yes
|Model website if any=https://alpine3d.slf.ch
|Provide key papers on model if any=Key Papers:
*''' Michael Lehning, Ingo Volksch, David Gustafsson, Tuan Anh Nguyen, Manfred Stahli, and Massimiliano Zappa, 2006. ALPINE3D: a detailed model of mountain surface processes and its application to snow hydrology, Hydrological Processes. 20(10): 2111 - 2128. Doi: ([http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.6204 10.1002/hyp.6204])'''
}}
{{Additional comments model}}
{{CSDMS staff part
|OpenMI compliant=No but possible
|IRF interface=No but possible
|CMT component=No but possible
|CCA component=No but possible
}}
{{Start coupled table}}
{{End a table}}
{{End headertab}}
{{{{PAGENAME}}_autokeywords}}


|-
<!-- Edit the part above to update info on other papers -->
| class="model_col1"| Output format:
| class="model_col2"| ASCII
|-
| class="model_col1"| Post-processing software (if needed):
| class="model_col2"| No
|-
| class="model_col1"| Visualization software (if needed):
| class="model_col2"| Yes, any software able to visualize data in a 2D grid
|}
 
==== Process description ====
 
{| class="wikitable"
| class="model_col1"| Processes represented by model:
| class="model_col2"| Alpine3D is a model for high resolution simulation of alpine surface processes, in particular snow processes. The model can be driven by measurements from automatic weather stations or by meteoro-logical model outputs. The core three-dimensional Alpine3D modules consist of a radiation balance model (which uses a view factor approach and includes shortwave scattering and longwave emission from terrain and tall vegetation) and a drifting snow model solving a diffusion equation for suspended snow and a saltation transport equation. The processes in the atmosphere are thus treated in three dimensions and coupled to a distributed one dimensional model of vegetation, snow and soil model (Snowpack) using the assumption that lateral exchange is small in these media. The model is completed by a conceptual runoff module.
|-
| class="model_col1"| Key physical parameters & equations:
| class="model_col2"| Snow settling, temperature diffusion, snow saltation and suspension, snow metamorphism, terrain radiation.
|-
| class="model_col1"| Length scale & resolution constraints:
| class="model_col2"| The model has been used with cells from 5 meters up to kilometers scale.
|-
| class="model_col1"| Time scale & resolution constraints:
| class="model_col2"| The time scale constraints usually comes from the input meteorological data: each time step must be provided with a set of input data.
|-
| class="model_col1"| Numerical limitations and issues :
| class="model_col2"| Overall, the model is very computationally intensive. It is usually ran on a grid or a cluster.
|}
 
==== Testing ====
 
{| class="wikitable"
| class="model_col1"| Available calibration data sets:
| class="model_col2"| --
|-
| class="model_col1"| Available test data sets:
| class="model_col2"| --
|-
| class="model_col1"| Ideal data for testing:
| class="model_col2"| --
|}
 
==== User groups ====
 
{| class="wikitable"
| class="model_col1"| Currently or plans for collaborating with:
| class="model_col2"| The underlying 1D model (SNOWPACK) is already being used by various collaborating researchers/institutions.
|}
 
==== Documentation ====
 
{| class="wikitable"
| class="model_col1"| Key papers of the model:
| class="model_col2"| "ALPINE3D: a detailed model of mountain surface processes and its application to snow hydrology", Michael Lehning, Ingo Völksch, David Gustafsson, Tuan Anh Nguyen, Manfred Stähli, Massimiliano Zappa, Hydrological Processes, Volume 20 Issue 10, Pages 2111 - 2128, 8 Jun 2006
|-
| class="model_col1"| Is there a manual available:
| class="model_col2"| yes
|-
| class="model_col1"| Model website if any:
| class="model_col2"| --
|}
 
==== Additional comments ====
 
{| class="wikitable"
| class="model_col1"| Comments:
| class="model_col2"| --
|}


=== Issues ===
==Introduction==


=== Help ===
== History ==


=== Input Files ===
== References ==
<br>{{AddReferenceUploadButtons}}<br><br>
{{#ifexist:Template:{{PAGENAME}}-citation-indices|{{{{PAGENAME}}-citation-indices}}|}}<br>
{{Include_featured_references_models_cargo}}<br>


=== Output Files ===
== Issues ==


=== Download ===
== Help ==
{{#ifexist:Model_help:{{PAGENAME}}|[[Model_help:{{PAGENAME}}]]|}}


=== Source ===
== Input Files ==


[[Category:Terrestrial]]
== Output Files ==

Latest revision as of 02:40, 28 October 2024



Alpine3D


Metadata

Also known as
Model type Modular
Model part of larger framework
Note on status model
Date note status model
Incorporated models or components:

SNOWPACK, meteoio,

Spatial dimensions 2D
Spatial extent Regional-Scale, Landscape-Scale, Watershed-Scale, Reach-Scale
Model domain Terrestrial, Cryosphere
One-line model description 3D model of alpine surface processes
Extended model description Alpine3D is a model for high resolution simulation of alpine surface processes, in particular snow processes. The model can be forced by measurements from automatic weather stations or by meteorological model outputs (this is handled by the MeteoIO pre-processing library). The core three-dimensional Alpine3D modules consist of a radiation balance model (which uses a view factor approach and includes shortwave scattering and longwave emission from terrain and tall vegetation) and a drifting snow model solving a diffusion equation for suspended snow and a saltation transport equation. The processes in the atmosphere are thus treated in three dimensions and coupled to a distributed one dimensional model of vegetation, snow and soil model (Snowpack) using the assumption that lateral exchange is small in these media. The model can be used to force a distributed catchment hydrology model (AlpineFlow). The model modules can be run in a parallel mode, using either OpenMP and/or MPI. Finally, the Inishell tool provides a GUI for configuring and running Alpine3D.

Alpine3D is a valuable tool to investigate surface dynamics in mountains and is currently used to investigate snow cover dynamics for avalanche warning and permafrost development and vegetation changes under climate change scenarios. It could also be used to create accurate soil moisture assessments for meteorological and flood forecasting.

Keywords:

alpine surface processes, snow dynamics,

Name Mathias Bavay
Type of contact Project manager
Institute / Organization WSL/SLF
Postal address 1 Flüelastrasse 13
Postal address 2
Town / City Davos Dorf
Postal code 7260
State
Country Switzerland
Email address bavay@slf.ch
Phone 0814170265
Fax


Name Michael Lehning
Type of contact Model developer
Institute / Organization
Postal address 1
Postal address 2
Town / City
Postal code
State
Country Switzerland
Email address
Phone
Fax


Name Nander Wever
Type of contact Model developer
Institute / Organization
Postal address 1
Postal address 2
Town / City
Postal code
State
Country United States
Email address
Phone
Fax


Name Adrien Michel
Type of contact Model developer
Institute / Organization
Postal address 1
Postal address 2
Town / City
Postal code
State
Country Switzerland
Email address
Phone
Fax


Supported platforms
Unix, Linux, Mac OS
Other platform
Programming language

C++

Other program language
Code optimized Multiple Processors
Multiple processors implemented Distributed memory, Shared memory
Nr of distributed processors
Nr of shared processors
Start year development 2006
Does model development still take place? Yes
If above answer is no, provide end year model development
Code development status Active
When did you indicate the 'code development status'? 2024
Model availability As code
Source code availability
(Or provide future intension) 		Through web repository
Source web address https://alpine3d.slf.ch
Source csdms web address
Program license type GPL v3
Program license type other
Memory requirements several Gbits (depends on the surface that is simulated)
Typical run time hours to days


Describe input parameters The area to be simulated has to be described (DEM, landuse). The meteorological input data (air temperature, relative humidity, precipitations...) have to be described (units, interpolations types). Some parameters about the model itself must be given (precision of the radiation ray tracing algorithms, characteristic lengths, parameters for a bucket model of runoff...)
Input format ASCII
Other input format
Describe output parameters for every grid cell: air and surface temperature, relative humidity, short and long wave radiation, snow height, snow water content, albedo

Global outputs: catchment discharge, surface and subsurface flow

At user defined locations: full snow profiles (temperature profile, grain types, grain sizes, density, water content, liquid water content)

Output format ASCII
Other output format netCDF
Pre-processing software needed? No
Describe pre-processing software
Post-processing software needed? No
Describe post-processing software
Visualization software needed? Yes
If above answer is yes
Other visualization software any software able to visualize data in a 2D grid


Describe processes represented by the model Alpine3D is a model for high resolution simulation of alpine surface processes, in particular snow processes. The model can be driven by measurements from automatic weather stations or by meteorological model outputs. The core three-dimensional Alpine3D modules consist of a radiation balance model (which uses a view factor approach and includes shortwave scattering and longwave emission from terrain and tall vegetation) and a drifting snow model solving a diffusion equation for suspended snow and a saltation transport equation. The processes in the atmosphere are thus treated in three dimensions and coupled to a distributed one dimensional model of vegetation, snow and soil model (Snowpack) using the assumption that lateral exchange is small in these media.
Describe key physical parameters and equations Snow settling, temperature diffusion, snow saltation and suspension, snow metamorphism, terrain radiation.
Describe length scale and resolution constraints The model has been used with cells from 5 meters up to kilometers scale.
Describe time scale and resolution constraints The time scale constraints usually comes from the input meteorological data: each time step must be provided with a set of input data.
Describe any numerical limitations and issues Overall, the model is very computationally intensive. It is usually ran on a grid or a cluster.


Describe available calibration data sets
Upload calibration data sets if available:
Describe available test data sets
Upload test data sets if available:
Describe ideal data for testing


Do you have current or future plans for collaborating with other researchers? The underlying 1D model (SNOWPACK) is widely used by various collaborating researchers/institutions, both for research applications and for operational applications (avalanche warning services in multiple countries)
Is there a manual available? Yes
Upload manual if available:
Model website if any https://alpine3d.slf.ch
Model forum / discussion board
Comments


This part will be filled out by CSDMS staff

OpenMI compliant No but possible
BMI compliant No but possible
WMT component No but possible
PyMT component
Is this a data component
Can be coupled with:
Model info
Authors
Mathias Bavay
Lehning, Wever, Michel
Source code
Model citations
Nr. of publications: 54
Total citations: 2547
h-index: 26
m-quotient: 1.3
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Introduction

History

References



Nr. of publications: 54
Total citations: 2547
h-index: 26
m-quotient: 1.3



Featured publication(s)YearModel describedType of ReferenceCitations
Lehning, M.; Völksch, I.; Gustafsson, D.; Nguyen, T.A.; Stähli, M.; Zappa, M. 2006. ALPINE3D: a detailed model of mountain surface processes and its application to snow hydrology. HydroLogical Processes, 20, 2111–2128. 10.1002/hyp.6204
(View/edit entry)		2006 Alpine3D
 Model overview 425
Schlögl, S.; Marty, C.; Bavay, M.; Lehning, M.; 2016. Sensitivity of Alpine3D modeled snow cover to modifications in DEM resolution, station coverage and meteorological input quantities. Environmental Modelling &amp; Software, 83, 387–396. 10.1016/j.envsoft.2016.02.017
(View/edit entry)		2016 Alpine3D
 Model overview 46
See more publications of Alpine3D


Issues

Help

Input Files

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