Model:SNOWPACK

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SNOWPACK

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Summary Contact Technical specs In/Output Process Testing Other Component info Also known as Model type Single Model part of larger framework Note on status model Date note status model Incorporated models or components: Spatial dimensions 1D Spatial extent Point-Based Model domain Terrestrial, Cryosphere One-line model description SNOWPACK is a multi-purpose snow and land-surface model, which focuses on a detailed description of the mass and energy exchange between the snow, the atmosphere and optionally with the vegetation cover and the soil. It also includes a detailed treatment of mass and energy fluxes within these media. Extended model description SNOWPACK solves numerically the partial differential equations governing the mass, energy and momentum conservation within the snowpack using the finite-element method. The numerical model has been constructed to handle the special problems of avalanche warning. Keywords: snow, Name Michael Lehning Type of contact Technical contact Institute / Organization Swiss Federal Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research, SLF Postal address 1 Postal address 2 Town / City Davos Dorf Postal code CH-7260 State Country Switzerland Email address lehning@slf.ch Phone Fax Name Mathias Bavay Type of contact Model developer Institute / Organization Swiss Federal Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research, SLF Postal address 1 Postal address 2 Town / City Davos Dorf Postal code CH-7260 State Country Switzerland Email address bavay@slf.ch Phone Fax Supported platforms Unix, Linux, Mac OS, Windows Other platform Programming language C++, IDL Other program language Code optimized Single Processor Multiple processors implemented Nr of distributed processors Nr of shared processors Start year development 1999 Does model development still take place? Yes If above answer is no, provide end year model development Code development status Active When did you indicate the 'code development status'? 2024 Model availability As code Source code availability (Or provide future intension) Through web repository Source web address https://snowpack.slf.ch Source csdms web address Program license type LGPL Program license type other Memory requirements -- Typical run time 30s for one year at one point, at most 180s with the most complex liquid water transport model. Describe input parameters It requires the following meteorological parameters: air temperature (TA) relative humidity (RH) wind speed (VW) incoming short wave radiation (ISWR) and/or reflected short wave radiation (RSWR) incoming long wave radiation (ILWR) and/or surface temperature (TSS) precipitation (PSUM) and/or snow height (HS) ground temperature (TSG, if available. Otherwise, you will have to use MeteoIO's data generators to generate a value) or geothermal heat flux snow temperatures at various depths (TS1, TS2, etc if available and only for comparisons, see section Snow and/or soil temperatures) Input format ASCII Other input format SMET: https://code.wsl.ch/snow-models/meteoio/-/package_files/433/download NetCDF iCSV: https://code.wsl.ch/EnviDat/icsv/-/tree/master Describe output parameters Snowpack creates various output files: the current state of its soil and snow layers in ".sno" files; the current state of its hazard relevant data in ".haz" files; a time serie of snow profiles; a time serie of the meteorological data and fluxes as used in the model. Output format ASCII Other output format Pre-processing software needed? No Describe pre-processing software Post-processing software needed? No Describe post-processing software Visualization software needed? Yes If above answer is yes Other visualization software The niViz tool, online at https://run.niviz.org Describe processes represented by the model Describe key physical parameters and equations Describe length scale and resolution constraints Describe time scale and resolution constraints Describe any numerical limitations and issues Describe available calibration data sets Upload calibration data sets if available: Describe available test data sets Upload test data sets if available: Describe ideal data for testing Do you have current or future plans for collaborating with other researchers? Is there a manual available? Yes Upload manual if available: Model website if any https://snowpack.slf.ch Model forum / discussion board Comments This part will be filled out by CSDMS staff OpenMI compliant No but possible BMI compliant No but possible WMT component No but possible PyMT component No but possible Is this a data component Can be coupled with:

Model info Authors Michael Lehning Bavay Source code Go to external source code site Model citations Nr. of publications: 19 Total citations: 3136 h-index: 18 m-quotient: 0.67 QR-code Link to this page Other models by author SNOWPACK

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Nr. of publications:	19
Total citations:	3136
h-index:	18
m-quotient:	0.67

Featured publication(s)	Year	Model described	Type of Reference	Citations
Lehning, Michael; Bartelt, Perry; Brown, Bob; Fierz, Charles; Satyawali, Pramod; 2002. A physical SNOWPACK model for the Swiss avalanche warning. Cold Regions Science and Technology, 35, 147–167. 10.1016/S0165-232X(02)00073-3 (View/edit entry)	2002	SNOWPACK	Model overview	562
Lehning, Michael; Bartelt, Perry; Brown, Bob; Russi, Tom; Stöckli, Urs; Zimmerli, Martin; 1999. snowpack model calculations for avalanche warning based upon a new network of weather and snow stations. Cold Regions Science and Technology, 30, 145–157. 10.1016/S0165-232X(99)00022-1 (View/edit entry)	1999	SNOWPACK	Model overview	308
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