CSN Process Names: Difference between revisions
From CSDMS
(731 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown) | |||
Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
= '''[[CSDMS_Standard_Names | CSDMS Standard Names]] — Process Names''' = | = '''[[CSDMS_Standard_Names | CSDMS Standard Names]] — Process Names ''' = | ||
: | |||
* CSDMS Standard Names require an "object" part and a "quantity" part. Sometimes the quantity part contains a process name as a modifier to a base quantity, as in "snow_melt_rate", where the process is "melting". The process is an action that applies to the object in the object part of the name. This quantity name pattern is very common and we call it the [[CSN_Process_Quantity_Names | '''Process_name + Quantity Pattern''']]. Click the link for a long list of examples. | |||
: | : | ||
* Process names are typically nouns derived from verbs, usually ending with: | * Process names are typically nouns derived from verbs, usually ending with: | ||
"tion" (absorption, convection, radiation), | "tion" (absorption, convection, radiation), | ||
"sion" (conversion, dispersion, submersion), | "sion" (conversion, dispersion, submersion), | ||
"ing" (swimming, upwelling), | "ing" (melting, swimming, upwelling), | ||
"age" (drainage, seepage, storage), | "age" (drainage, seepage, storage), | ||
"y" (discovery, recovery, reentry), | "y" (discovery, recovery, reentry), | ||
"ance" (acceptance, disturbance, | "ance" (acceptance, disturbance, maintenance), | ||
"ment" (alignment, improvement, recruitment) | "ment" (alignment, improvement, recruitment), | ||
"al" (arrival, disposal, removal, retrieval). | "al" (arrival, disposal, removal, retrieval) and | ||
"sis" (osmosis, metamorphosis, dialysis, paralysis). | |||
* The "ing" ending is often dropped | * The "ing" ending is often dropped, as in: | ||
birth, boil, burn, creep, flow, icefall, inflow, lapse, launch, melt, | birth, boil, burn, creep, flow, icefall, inflow, lapse, launch, melt, | ||
outflow, rainfall, rest, shear, snowfall, start, stop, throughfall and tilt. | outflow, rainfall, rest, shear, snowfall, start, stop, throughfall and tilt. | ||
* "Rainfall" is a somewhat unusual example in that the relevant object (rain) and the associated process (falling) have been fused to create the process name. Adding the object part in front would mean repeating the word rain. But "rain" is also a verb and "raining" is therefore a valid process name, but only for liquid water. The CSDMS Standard Names avoid this issue by using the process name "precipitation" instead of "rainfall" or "raining" and then specifying the object that is precipitating, such as "water" or perhaps "methane" for Titan. Since water can precipitate in liquid or solid form, each with a different density, precipitation rates are often quantified as "liquid water equivalent". The corresponding CSDMS standard name is: " | * "Rainfall" is a somewhat unusual example in that the relevant object (rain) and the associated process (falling) have been fused to create the process name. Adding the object part in front would mean repeating the word rain. But "rain" is also a verb and "raining" is therefore a valid process name, but only for liquid water. The CSDMS Standard Names avoid this issue by using the process name "precipitation" instead of "rainfall" or "raining" and then specifying the object that is precipitating, such as "water" or perhaps "methane" for Titan. Since water can precipitate in liquid or solid form, each with a different density, precipitation rates are often quantified as "liquid water equivalent". The corresponding CSDMS standard name is: "atmosphere_water__liquid_equivalent_precipitation_rate", which generalizes to other substances (like methane on Titan). We similarly have "snowpack__liquid_equivalent_depth". See: [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Precipitation_(chemistry) Precipitation (chemistry)] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Precipitation_(meteorology) Precipitation (meteorology)]. | ||
: | |||
* "Sunrise" and "sunset" have all of the same issues as "rainfall". Note that "sun" can be used as both a noun and a verb and "sunning" can therefore be a process name. "Rise" is short for "rising" and "set" is short for "setting". A "rising_time" and "setting_time" can be defined for any celestial body and for any observing point on Earth. | * "Sunrise" and "sunset" have all of the same issues as "rainfall". Note that "sun" can be used as both a noun and a verb and "sunning" can therefore be a process name. "Rise" is short for "rising" and "set" is short for "setting". A "rising_time" and "setting_time" can be defined for any celestial body and for any observing point on Earth. | ||
: | |||
* Process names can almost always be paired with "_rate" in order to quantify how fast the process/action occurs, and this then creates a quantity name. The word "rate" usually indicates "per unit time". However, there may be other variable names associated with the process that do not contain the process name. | * Process names can almost always be paired with "_rate" in order to quantify how fast the process/action occurs, and this then creates a quantity name. The word "rate" usually indicates "per unit time". However, there may be other variable names associated with the process that do not contain the process name. | ||
: | |||
* Some process names may be naturally paired with an ending other than (or in addition to) "_rate", such as | * Some process names may be naturally paired with an ending other than (or in addition to) "_rate", such as | ||
Line 39: | Line 40: | ||
vibration_frequency | vibration_frequency | ||
* Cracking is | * Cracking is one example of a process name that is used with a different meaning depending on the object, which therefore highlights the importance of the object part of CSDMS Standard Names. For example: | ||
corn cracking | |||
ice cracking | |||
joke cracking | |||
molecule cracking (chemistry) | |||
nut cracking | |||
password cracking | |||
safe cracking | |||
whip cracking | |||
* Note that "equinox" and "solstice" are included in this list of process names, even though we don't associate them with verbs and think of them as phenomena or events. The word "solstice" comes from the Latin for "sun standing" or "sun stoppage". The word "equinox" comes from the Latin for "equal night", since then day and night are about the same length. Note that most other astronomical events such as "eclipse", "conjunction" and "occultation" do have associated verbs (eclipse, conjoin, occult). Sunrise and sunset are discussed above. With this convention, "vernal_equinox_time" and "summer_solstice_time" conform to the Process_name + Quantity Pattern. | |||
: | |||
* Note that a "tion" ending creates a noun while a "tive" ending creates an advective. Common examples are: | * Note that a "tion" ending creates a noun while a "tive" ending creates an advective. Common examples are: | ||
Line 57: | Line 60: | ||
reproduction vs. reproductive | reproduction vs. reproductive | ||
* Some words are created by combining two processes, with the first in adjective form, as in: "radiative_transfer" and "convective_transport". | * Some words are created by combining two processes, with the first in adjective form, as in: "radiative_transfer" and "convective_transport". | ||
: | |||
* Note that "friction" is not included in this list of process names. It is really a force rather than a process and doesn't fit the verb-to-noun pattern. The adjective "frictional" is used in terms like "frictional_momentum_loss_rate" (related to shear_stress); i.e. the frictional force causes momentum loss. A Google search indicates that "friction_rate" is sometimes used in connection with air ducts. The word "traction" has similar issues. | * Note that "friction" is not included in this list of process names. It is really a force rather than a process and doesn't fit the verb-to-noun pattern. The adjective "frictional" is used in terms like "frictional_momentum_loss_rate" (related to shear_stress); i.e. the frictional force causes momentum loss. A Google search indicates that "friction_rate" is sometimes used in connection with air ducts. The word "traction" has similar issues. | ||
: | |||
* There are many process names that fit the "verb-to-noun" pattern but that aren't typically used in the sciences. Many examples can be found in economics, manufacturing and horticulture, for example. Several of these have been collected in a separate document: CSDMS_Standard_Name_Processes_Extra.txt. | * There are many process names that fit the "verb-to-noun" pattern but that aren't typically used in the sciences. Many examples can be found in economics, manufacturing and horticulture, for example. Several of these have been collected in a separate document: CSDMS_Standard_Name_Processes_Extra.txt. | ||
: | |||
* The alphabetical list of process names listed below continues to grow. It contained | * The alphabetical list of process names listed below continues to grow. It contained 1130 process names as of March 28, 2014. Each process name is followed by the associated verb, in parentheses. | ||
: | |||
<!-- ============================================= --> | <!-- ============================================= --> | ||
== {{ Bar Heading| text=A}} == | == {{ Bar Heading| text=A}} == | ||
abandonment (abandon) | |||
abatement (abate) | abatement (abate) | ||
aberration (aberate) | |||
ablation (ablate) | ablation (ablate) | ||
abrasion (abrade) | abrasion (abrade) | ||
absorption (absorb) | absorption (absorb) | ||
abstraction (abstract) (synonym for extraction of water) | abstraction (abstract) (synonym for extraction of water) | ||
acceleration (accelerate) | acceleration (accelerate, accelerating) | ||
accommodation (accommodate) (e.g. accomodation_space) | acceptance (accept) | ||
acclimatization (acclimatize) (called "acclimation" in the UK) | |||
accommodation (accommodate) (e.g. accomodation_space, accommodation_depth) | |||
accretion (accrete) (in CF) | accretion (accrete) (in CF) | ||
accumulation (accumulate) (in CF) | accumulation (accumulate) (in CF) | ||
acidification (acidify) | acidification (acidify) | ||
acquisition (acquire) | |||
action (act) | action (act) | ||
activation (activate) (e.g. activation_energy) | activation (activate) (e.g. activation_energy) | ||
Line 84: | Line 91: | ||
adaptation (adapt) | adaptation (adapt) | ||
addition (add) (see division, multiplication, subtraction) | addition (add) (see division, multiplication, subtraction) | ||
adhesion (adhere) | |||
adjustment (adjust) | adjustment (adjust) | ||
adoption (adopt) | |||
adsorption (adsorb) (see absorption, desorption, sorption) | adsorption (adsorb) (see absorption, desorption, sorption) | ||
advection (advect) | advection (advect) | ||
aeration (aerate) | aeration (aerate) | ||
aerologation (aerologate) | |||
aging (age) | aging (age) | ||
aggradation (aggrade) (see "progradation") | aggradation (aggrade) (see "progradation") | ||
aggregation (aggregate) (e.g. diffusion-limited aggregation or DLA) | aggregation (aggregate) (e.g. diffusion-limited aggregation or DLA) | ||
airflow (airflow) | |||
aliasing (alias) (also "anti-aliasing) | |||
alignment (align) (e.g. of planets) | |||
alkylation (alkylate) | |||
alleviation (alleviate) | alleviation (alleviate) | ||
allocation (allocate) (e.g. of surface water) | |||
allografting (allograft) | |||
allotment (allot) | allotment (allot) | ||
allotransplantation (allotransplant) | |||
alluviation (alluviate) | |||
alteration (alter) | |||
alternating (alternate) | |||
ammonification (ammonify) | |||
amortization (amortize) | |||
amplification (amplify) | amplification (amplify) | ||
amputation (amputate) | |||
anagenesis (in geology) | |||
anchoring (anchor) | |||
aneurysm #### (e.g. tectonic type) | |||
animation (animate) (e.g. suspended animation) | animation (animate) (e.g. suspended animation) | ||
annealing (anneal) | annealing (anneal) | ||
annexation (annex) | |||
annihilation (annihilate) (e.g. matter and antimatter) | annihilation (annihilate) (e.g. matter and antimatter) | ||
antibiosis (verb form ??) | |||
apoptosis #### | |||
application (apply) (e.g. sunscreen) | |||
approach (approach, approaching) | |||
appulse (appulse) (e.g. in astronomy) | |||
aridification (aridify) | |||
armoring (armor) (e.g. stream bed armoring) | armoring (armor) (e.g. stream bed armoring) | ||
arresting (arrest) (e.g. arrested development) | arresting (arrest) (e.g. arrested development) | ||
arrival (arrive) | arrival (arrive) | ||
ascension (ascend) | ascension (ascend) (e.g. in astronomy) | ||
ascent (ascend) | ascent (ascend) (e.g. ascent_angle) | ||
assimilation (assimilate) (e.g. | aspiration (aspire) (medical term, e.g. pulmonary aspiration) | ||
assembling (assemble) | |||
assessment (assess) | |||
assimilation (assimilate) (e.g. protein assimilation rate) | |||
assistance (assist) | |||
atomization (atomize) | |||
attachment (attach, attaching) (see detachment) | attachment (attach, attaching) (see detachment) | ||
attack (attack, attacking) (e.g. in medical context) | attack (attack, attacking) (e.g. in medical context, also attack angle of airfoil) | ||
attainment (attain) | attainment (attain) | ||
attenuation (attenuate) | attenuation (attenuate) | ||
Line 112: | Line 149: | ||
austempering (austemper) (hardening process for metals) | austempering (austemper) (hardening process for metals) | ||
austenitization (austenitize) (heating process for metals) | austenitization (austenitize) (heating process for metals) | ||
autocollimation (autocollimate) | |||
autoconversion (autoconvert) (in CF) | autoconversion (autoconvert) (in CF) | ||
avalanching (avalanche) (e.g. | autografting (autograft) | ||
autolysis (autolyze, autolyzing) (e.g. of bread dough or wine) | |||
autopsy ### | |||
avalanching (avalanche) (e.g. avalanching rate) | |||
averaging (average) | averaging (average) | ||
aversion (avert) (e.g. risk_aversion) | aversion (avert) (e.g. risk_aversion) | ||
Line 125: | Line 166: | ||
backcrossing (backcross) (e.g. in genetics) | backcrossing (backcross) (e.g. in genetics) | ||
backfire (backfire) | |||
backflow (backflow) | |||
backlash (backlash, backlashing) | |||
backscattering (backscatter) (preferred to: backwards_scattering ??) | backscattering (backscatter) (preferred to: backwards_scattering ??) | ||
backspin (backspin, backspinning) | |||
balancing (balance) | |||
baling (bale) (process of making hay bales) | |||
ballasting (ballast) | |||
baseflow (baseflow) | |||
basification (basify) | basification (basify) | ||
beaming (beam) | |||
bearing (bear) (e.g. load bearing capacity) | |||
belaying (belay) | |||
bending (bend) | bending (bend) | ||
berthing (berth) | |||
bifurcation (bifurcate) | |||
bilateration (bilaterate) | |||
binding (bind) | binding (bind) | ||
binning (bin) | binning (bin) | ||
bioaccumulation (bioaccumulate) | |||
bioconcentration (bioconcentrate) | |||
biodegradation (biodegrade) (see degradation) | biodegradation (biodegrade) (see degradation) | ||
biogenesis (biogenerate ?) | |||
bioluminescence (bioluminesce ??) (see fluorescence) | bioluminescence (bioluminesce ??) (see fluorescence) | ||
biomagnification (biomagnify) | |||
biopoiesis (??) (also called abiogenesis) | |||
bioremediation (bioremediate) | |||
biosynthesis (biosynthesize) | |||
bioturbation (bioturbate ??) | bioturbation (bioturbate ??) | ||
birth (birth, birthing) (more an event than a process?) | birth (birth, birthing) (more an event than a process?) | ||
bisection (bisect) | |||
blackout (blackout) (from "blacking out") | |||
blasting (blast) (e.g. abrasive blasting) | blasting (blast) (e.g. abrasive blasting) | ||
bleaching (bleach) (e.g. coral bleaching) | bleaching (bleach) (e.g. coral bleaching) | ||
bleeding (bleed) (e.g. bleeding a brake line) | |||
blistering (blister) | |||
blockage (block) | |||
blocking (block) | blocking (block) | ||
blossoming (blossom) | |||
blowing (blow) (e.g. blowing snow) | blowing (blow) (e.g. blowing snow) | ||
blowoff (blowoff) (from blowing off, e.g. blowoff valve, also combustion physics) | |||
blowout (blowout) (from "blowing out"; e.g. of a car tire, oil well, etc.) | |||
boiling (boil) | boiling (boil) | ||
bombardment (bombard) (e.g. elementary particles, cratering) | bombardment (bombard) (e.g. elementary particles, cratering) | ||
bonding (bond) | bonding (bond) | ||
boring (bore) (drilling) | boring (bore) (drilling) | ||
borrowing (borrow) | |||
bounce (bounce, bouncing) (e.g. bounce_angle) | |||
bracing (brace) | |||
braiding (braid) | braiding (braid) | ||
braking (brake) | braking (brake) (e.g. braking_distance) | ||
branching (branch) (e.g. branching_ratio) | branching (branch) (e.g. branching_ratio) | ||
breaching (breach) (e.g. | breaching (breach) (e.g. breaching_height of a levee) | ||
breakdown (from breaking down) | |||
breaking (break) (e.g. breaking_point) | breaking (break) (e.g. breaking_point) | ||
breakover (breakover) (e.g. breakover angle of a vehicle) | |||
breakthrough (breakthrough) (from "breaking through") | |||
breakup (breakup) (e.g. drops and bubbles, ice breakup) | breakup (breakup) (e.g. drops and bubbles, ice breakup) | ||
breastfeeding (breastfeed) | |||
breathing (breathe) (there is a power law for breathing rate vs. body mass) | breathing (breathe) (there is a power law for breathing rate vs. body mass) | ||
breeding (breed) (e.g. breeding_time, breeding_duration) | |||
brewing (brew) | |||
bridging (bridge) | bridging (bridge) | ||
brinelling (brinell) | |||
broadcasting (broadcast) | |||
bromination (brominate) | |||
brumation (brumate) (similar to hibernation, for reptiles) | |||
bubbling (bubble) (e.g. bubbling_pressure_head) | bubbling (bubble) (e.g. bubbling_pressure_head) | ||
buckling (buckle) (e.g. support columns) | |||
budding (bud) | budding (bud) | ||
buffering (buffer) | buffering (buffer) | ||
buffeting (buffet) (e.g. in aerodynamics) | buffeting (buffet) (e.g. in aerodynamics) | ||
buildup (buildup) | |||
bulging (bulge) | |||
bundling (bundle) | |||
buoyancy (buoy, buoyance) (e.g. larvae_buoyancy_rate; see sinking) | buoyancy (buoy, buoyance) (e.g. larvae_buoyancy_rate; see sinking) | ||
burial (bury, burying) | burial (bury, burying) | ||
burning (burn) | burning (burn) | ||
burrowing (burrow) | burrowing (burrow) | ||
bursting (burst) | |||
bypass (bypass, bypassing) | |||
<br/> | <br/> | ||
Line 164: | Line 253: | ||
== {{ Bar Heading| text=C}} == | == {{ Bar Heading| text=C}} == | ||
calibration (calibrate) | cabbeling (cabbel) | ||
caching (cache) | |||
calcification (calcify) | |||
calibration (calibrate, calibrating) | |||
calving (calve) | calving (calve) | ||
camouflaging (camouflage) | camouflaging (camouflage) | ||
cancellation (cancel) | canalization (canalize) | ||
cancellation (cancel) (e.g. noise cancellation) | |||
cannulation (cannulate) | |||
capping (cap) (e.g. capping a well; see white-capping waves) | capping (cap) (e.g. capping a well; see white-capping waves) | ||
capturing (capture) | capturing (capture) | ||
carbonation (carbonate) | |||
carpooling (carpool) | |||
carrying (carry) (e.g. carrying capacity) | |||
carving (carve) (glaciers "carve" valleys) | carving (carve) (glaciers "carve" valleys) | ||
cascading (cascade) | |||
casting (cast) | |||
catagenesis | |||
catalysis (catalyze) | |||
catalyzing (catalyze) | catalyzing (catalyze) | ||
catching (catch) | |||
cauterization (cauterize) | |||
cavitation (cavitate) | cavitation (cavitate) | ||
cementation (cement) | |||
cementing (cement) | cementing (cement) | ||
centering (center) | centering (center) | ||
centralization (centralize) | |||
centrifugation (centrifuge) | |||
centrifuging (centrifuge) | |||
cessation (cease) | |||
chafing (chafe) (a medical and nautical term) | |||
chambering (chamber) (in firearms and martial arts) | |||
channelization (channelize) | |||
charging (charge) (e.g. an electric vehicle) | |||
chelation (chelate) | |||
chemigation (chemigate) | |||
chemosynthesis (chemosynthesize) | chemosynthesis (chemosynthesize) | ||
chewing (chew) | |||
chipping (chip) | |||
chirp (chirp, chirp) (e.g. chirp_frequency) | |||
chiseling (chisel) | |||
chlorination (chlorinate) | |||
choking (choke) | |||
churning (churn) | |||
circling (circle) | |||
circulation (circulate) | circulation (circulate) | ||
circumnavigation (circumnavigate) | |||
cirrhosis (a disease of the liver) | |||
cladogenesis | |||
clamping (clamp) | |||
cleaning (clean) | |||
clearance (clear) (e.g. vehicle clearance, also in genetics) | |||
clearcutting (clearcut) | clearcutting (clearcut) | ||
clearing (clear) | |||
cleavage (cleave) | cleavage (cleave) | ||
climbing (climb) (e.g. aircraft climb_angle) | |||
clogging (clog) | clogging (clog) | ||
cloning (clone) | cloning (clone) | ||
closing (close) | |||
closure (close) (e.g. turbulence closure) | |||
clotting (clot) | clotting (clot) | ||
clumping (clump) | clumping (clump) | ||
Line 186: | Line 318: | ||
coagulation (coagulate, coagulating) | coagulation (coagulate, coagulating) | ||
coalescence (coalesce) (droplets: coalescence_rate vs. rupturing_rate) | coalescence (coalesce) (droplets: coalescence_rate vs. rupturing_rate) | ||
coating (coat) (e.g. optical coating) | |||
coercion (coerce) | |||
coexistence (coexist) | |||
cognition (???) | |||
cohesion (cohere) | |||
coiling (coil) | |||
coincidence (coincide) | |||
collapse (collapse, collapsing) | collapse (collapse, collapsing) | ||
collection (collect) | collection (collect) | ||
collimation (collimate) (e.g. of laser light) | |||
collision (collide) (e.g. atomic and subatomic particles) | collision (collide) (e.g. atomic and subatomic particles) | ||
colonization (colonize) | colonization (colonize) | ||
combination (combine, combining) | |||
combustion (combust) | combustion (combust) | ||
comminution (comminute) | |||
compactification (compactify) (e.g in string theory) | compactification (compactify) (e.g in string theory) | ||
compaction (compact) | compaction (compact) | ||
compensation (compensate) (e.g. Heisenberg compensator) | |||
competition (compete) (e.g. species) | competition (compete) (e.g. species) | ||
completion (complete) | completion (complete) | ||
complexation (complexate) (chemistry) | |||
compounding (compound) | compounding (compound) | ||
compensation (compensate, compensating) (e.g. frequency_compensation in EE) | compensation (compensate, compensating) (e.g. frequency_compensation in EE) | ||
compression (compress) | compounding (compound) | ||
concealment (conceal) | compression (compress) (e.g. compression_ratio) | ||
concealment (conceal, concealing) | |||
conception (conceive) | conception (conceive) | ||
conching (conch) (when making chocolate, with a "conche") | |||
concussion (concuss) | |||
condensation (condense) | condensation (condense) | ||
conditioning (condition) | conditioning (condition) | ||
Line 205: | Line 352: | ||
confining (confine) (e.g. confining_pressure) | confining (confine) (e.g. confining_pressure) | ||
confinement (confine) (e.g. atoms, fusion) | confinement (confine) (e.g. atoms, fusion) | ||
congelation (congeal ??) (in CF) | conflation (conflate) | ||
confusion (confuse) | |||
congelation (congeal ??) (in CF) (e.g. at the bed of a glacier) | |||
congestion (congest) | |||
conjugation (conjugate) (e.g. bacterial conjugation) | |||
conjunction (conjoin) (in astronomy) | |||
connection (connect) | connection (connect) | ||
conservation (conserve) | conservation (conserve) | ||
conserving (conserve) (e.g. mass-conserving system) | conserving (conserve) (e.g. mass-conserving system) | ||
consolidation (consolidate) (e.g. in soils; see compaction) | |||
constraining (constrain) | |||
consumption (consume) (e.g. fuel_consumption) | consumption (consume) (e.g. fuel_consumption) | ||
contact (contact, contacting) (e.g. contact_area) | |||
containment (contain) (e.g. "containment field") | containment (contain) (e.g. "containment field") | ||
contamination (contaminate) | contamination (contaminate) | ||
contraception (contracept) (from conceive/conception) | |||
contraction (contract) (see expansion) | contraction (contract) (see expansion) | ||
contributing (contribute, contribution) (e.g. total contributing area) | |||
control (control, controlling) | control (control, controlling) | ||
contusion (contuse) | |||
convection (convect, convecting, convective) | convection (convect, convecting, convective) | ||
convergence (converge) | convergence (converge) | ||
conversion (convert) | conversion (convert) | ||
conveyance (convey) (diversion of water) | |||
convolution (convolute) | convolution (convolute) | ||
convulsion (convulse) | |||
cooking (cook) | |||
cooling (cool) | cooling (cool) | ||
cooperation (cooperate) (animal behavior) | |||
coordination (coordinate) | coordination (coordinate) | ||
coping (cope) (e.g. coping mechanism) | |||
coppicing (coppice) | coppicing (coppice) | ||
copying (copy) (e.g. DNA and RNA; see replication) | copying (copy) (e.g. DNA and RNA; see replication) | ||
coring (core) (e.g. ice and sediment cores) | |||
cornering (corner) (e.g. of racecars) | |||
corrasion (corrade) | corrasion (corrade) | ||
correction (correct) | correction (correct) (e.g. course correction, also an operation) | ||
correlation (correlate) (e.g. correlation_coefficient) | correlation (correlate) (e.g. correlation_coefficient) | ||
corrosion (corrode, corroding) | corrosion (corrode, corroding) | ||
coupling (couple) | coupling (couple) | ||
courting (court, courtship) (animal behavior) | |||
coverage (cover) (e.g. coverage processes) | coverage (cover) (e.g. coverage processes) | ||
covering (cover) | covering (cover) | ||
cracking (crack) | cracking (crack) | ||
cranking (crank) | |||
crash (crash, crashing) | |||
cratering (crater) (see pitting, impact) | cratering (crater) (see pitting, impact) | ||
creation (create) (e.g. job_creation, in economics) | creation (create) (e.g. job_creation, in economics) | ||
creep (creep, creeping) | creep (creep, creeping) | ||
creepage (creep) (e.g. creepage length) | |||
cresting (crest) | |||
crevassing (crevasse) | |||
crimping (crimp) | |||
crossbreeding (crossbreed) | |||
crossing (cross) | |||
crosslinking (crosslink) | |||
crossover (crossover) (e.g. chromosomal crossover process) | |||
crushing (crush) | |||
cryoplanation (cryoplanate or cryoplane?) | |||
cryopreservation (cryopreserve) | |||
cryosuction (cryosuck ?) | |||
cryoturbation (cryoturbate) | |||
crystallization (crystallize) | crystallization (crystallize) | ||
culling (cull) | |||
culmination (culminate) (e.g. culmination time) | culmination (culminate) (e.g. culmination time) | ||
cultivation (cultivate) | cultivation (cultivate) | ||
cutting (cut) | culturing (culture) | ||
curation (curation) | |||
cure (curing, e.g. disease cure rate) | |||
curettage (curette) | |||
curing (cure) (e.g. curing meat) | |||
curtailment (curtail) | |||
curving (curve, curvature) | |||
cushioning (cushion) | |||
cutting (cut) (e.g. cutting_angle) | |||
cutoff (cutoff) (e.g. cutoff_frequency) | |||
cycling (cycle) (e.g. carbon cycling) | cycling (cycle) (e.g. carbon cycling) | ||
Line 248: | Line 439: | ||
dampening (dampen) | dampening (dampen) | ||
damping (damp) | damping (damp) | ||
darkening (darken) (e.g. hydrogen darkening of glass) | |||
dating (date) | |||
deactivation (deactivate) | |||
dealkalization (dealkalize) | |||
death (death, mortality) | death (death, mortality) | ||
deburring (deburr) | |||
decantation (decant, decanting) (i.e. separation of mixtures) | |||
decay (decay, decaying) (e.g. decay_rate, exponential_decay) | decay (decay, decaying) (e.g. decay_rate, exponential_decay) | ||
deceleration (decelerate) | deceleration (decelerate) | ||
decentralization (decentralize) | |||
deception (deceive) | |||
decimation (decimate) | |||
decision (decide) | decision (decide) | ||
declination (decline) | declination (decline) | ||
decollimation (decollimate) | |||
decomposition (decompose) | decomposition (decompose) | ||
deflation (deflate) | decompression (decompress) | ||
defenestration (defenestrate) | |||
defense (defend, defending) | |||
defertilisation (defertilise) | |||
defervescence (defervesce) | |||
defibrillation (defibrillate) | |||
deflation (deflate) (e.g. balloons, glaciers, geomorphology) | |||
deflection (deflect) | |||
defoliation (defoliate) | |||
deforestation (deforest) | deforestation (deforest) | ||
deformation (deform) | deformation (deform) (e.g. crustal deformation) | ||
degradation (degrade) (see biodegradation) | deglaciation (deglaciate) | ||
dehydration (dehydrate) (see hydration) | degradation (degrade) (e.g. soil degradation; see biodegradation) | ||
dehalogenation (dehalogenate) | |||
dehydration (dehydrate) (see hydration, desiccation) | |||
deionization (deionize) (see ionization) | deionization (deionize) (see ionization) | ||
delamination (delaminate) | |||
delay (delay, delaying) (e.g. delay_factor) | delay (delay, delaying) (e.g. delay_factor) | ||
deliberation (deliberate) | |||
delineation (delineate) | delineation (delineate) | ||
delivery (deliver) (e.g. with drugs, or giving birth) | delivery (deliver) (e.g. with drugs, or giving birth) | ||
demand (demand, demanding) | |||
demarcation (demarcate) | demarcation (demarcate) | ||
demolition (demolish) | |||
denaturation (denature) (e.g. of proteins) | denaturation (denature) (e.g. of proteins) | ||
denitrification (denitrify) (in CF) | denitrification (denitrify) (in CF) | ||
denoising (denoise) | denoising (denoise) | ||
densification ( | densification (densify) | ||
denudation (denude) | |||
departure (depart) | departure (depart) | ||
depletion (deplete) (e.g. | dependence (depend) | ||
dephosphorylation (dephosphorylate) | |||
depletion (deplete) (e.g. of ground water, fossil fuel or oxygen/hypoxia) | |||
deployment (deploy) | deployment (deploy) | ||
deposition (deposit) | deposition (deposit) | ||
depression (depress) | depression (depress) | ||
deprivation (deprive) | deprivation (deprive) | ||
deprotonation (deprotonate) | |||
derailment (derail) | |||
dereferencing (dereference) | |||
desalination (desalinate; also desalinize, desalinization) | desalination (desalinate; also desalinize, desalinization) | ||
descension (descend, descending) | descension (descend, descending) | ||
descent (descend) (e.g. descent_angle) | |||
desertification (desertify) | |||
desorption (desorb) | desorption (desorb) | ||
destruction (destruct) | desiccation (desiccate) | ||
destruction (destruct or destroy) | |||
detachment (detach) (e.g. detachment_limited; see attachment) | detachment (detach) (e.g. detachment_limited; see attachment) | ||
detection (detect) | detection (detect) | ||
detention (detain) | |||
deterioration (deteriorate) | deterioration (deteriorate) | ||
deterrence (deter) | deterrence (deter, deterring) | ||
detonation (detonate) | |||
detoxification (detoxify) | |||
detrainment (detrain) (in CF; see entrainment) | detrainment (detrain) (in CF; see entrainment) | ||
deviation (deviate) (e.g. | development (develop) (or an organism) | ||
deviation (deviate) (e.g. deviation_angle from a set course; also standard deviation) | |||
dew (dew, dewing) (e.g. dew_point; "dewing" is OK but seldom used; see melt/melting) | dew (dew, dewing) (e.g. dew_point; "dewing" is OK but seldom used; see melt/melting) | ||
dewatering (dewater) | dewatering (dewater) | ||
diagenesis | |||
dialysis (dialyze) | |||
differentiation (differentiate) | differentiation (differentiate) | ||
diffraction (diffract) (see refraction) | diffraction (diffract) (see refraction) | ||
Line 291: | Line 521: | ||
digestion (digest) | digestion (digest) | ||
digging (dig) | digging (dig) | ||
dilatation (dilatate) | |||
dilation (dilate) | dilation (dilate) | ||
dilution (dilute) | dilution (dilute) | ||
dimming (dim) (e.g. "global dimming") | |||
dipping (dip) | dipping (dip) | ||
direction (direct) | direction (direct) | ||
disappearance (disappear) (e.g. of a species) | disappearance (disappear) (e.g. of a species) | ||
discharge (discharge, discharging) ( | disassembling (disassemble) | ||
discharge (discharge, discharging) (discharge_coefficient, discharge rate of a capacitor) | |||
disconnection (disconnect) | |||
discovery (discover) | discovery (discover) | ||
disentrainment (disentrain) (e.g. of sediment; see detrainment) | |||
disgregation (disgregate) (See: [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disgregation Disgregation].) | disgregation (disgregate) (See: [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disgregation Disgregation].) | ||
dislocation (dislocate) | disintegration (disintegrate) | ||
dislocation (dislocate) (e.g. dislocation_density, dislocation_length in materials science) | |||
dismantling (dismantle) | |||
dispersal (disperse) | dispersal (disperse) | ||
dispersion (disperse) | dispersion (disperse) | ||
displacement (displace) | displacement (displace) (also used as a quantity with units of length) | ||
disposal (dispose) | disposal (dispose) | ||
disposing (dispose) | disposing (dispose) | ||
disruption (disrupt) | disruption (disrupt) | ||
dissection (dissect) | |||
dissipation (dissipate) (in CF) | dissipation (dissipate) (in CF) | ||
dissociation (dissociate) (e.g. bond_dissociation_energy) | dissociation (dissociate) (e.g. bond_dissociation_energy) | ||
Line 311: | Line 549: | ||
distillation (distill) | distillation (distill) | ||
distortion (distort) | distortion (distort) | ||
distraction (distract) | |||
distribution (distribute) | distribution (distribute) | ||
disturbance (disturb) (e.g. disturbance_frequency, fires) | disturbance (disturb) (e.g. disturbance_frequency, fires) | ||
Line 317: | Line 556: | ||
diving (dive) | diving (dive) | ||
division (divide) (cell_division_rate) | division (divide) (cell_division_rate) | ||
docking (dock) | |||
dodging (dodge) | |||
dolomitization (dolomotize) | |||
domination (dominate) | |||
donation (donate) (e.g. electron donation, organ donation) | |||
dosing (dose) | dosing (dose) | ||
doubling (double) | |||
downburst (downburst, downbursting) (e.g. microburst, macroburst) | downburst (downburst, downbursting) (e.g. microburst, macroburst) | ||
downcutting (downcut) | downcutting (downcut) | ||
downdraft (downdraft, downdrafting) (see updraft) | downdraft (downdraft, downdrafting) (see updraft) | ||
downscaling (downscale) | |||
downforce (downforce, down forcing) (e.g. of spoilers, opposite of lift) | |||
downscaling (downscale) | downscaling (downscale) | ||
downturn (downturn, downturning) | downturn (downturn, downturning) | ||
downwelling (but "downwell" is not a word) | downwelling (but "downwell" is not a word) | ||
drafting (draft) (e.g. bicycle drafting, also swimming, trucks, etc.) | |||
drag (drag, dragging) (in aerodynamics; see lift, thrust) | drag (drag, dragging) (in aerodynamics; see lift, thrust) | ||
drainage (drain, draining) | drainage (drain, draining) (e.g. acid mine drainage, drainage_area) | ||
drifting (drift) (e.g. snow_drifting, particle_drifting, drift_velocity) | drawdown (drawdown) (from "drawing down") | ||
drilling (drill) | dredging (dredge) | ||
drifting (drift) (e.g. snow_drifting, particle_drifting, car_drifting, drift_velocity) | |||
drilling (drill) (e.g. drill_rate) | |||
dripping (drip) (e.g. in irrigation) | dripping (drip) (e.g. in irrigation) | ||
driving (drive) (e.g. driving_force; see forcing) | driving (drive) (e.g. driving_force; see forcing) | ||
Line 333: | Line 583: | ||
drowning (drown) (also for plants) | drowning (drown) (also for plants) | ||
drying (dry) | drying (dry) | ||
ducting (duct) (e.g. tropospheric ducting) | |||
duplication (duplicate) (e.g. DNA, gene duplication) | duplication (duplicate) (e.g. DNA, gene duplication) | ||
dying (die) (see death) | |||
dysregulation (dysregulate) | |||
<br/> | <br/> | ||
Line 340: | Line 593: | ||
== {{ Bar Heading| text=E}} == | == {{ Bar Heading| text=E}} == | ||
ebb (ebb, ebbing) (movement of tide back toward the sea) | |||
echoing (echo) | |||
eclipsing (eclipse) | |||
egress (egress) (e.g. signal egress, or leakage in cables; see ingress) | egress (egress) (e.g. signal egress, or leakage in cables; see ingress) | ||
ejection (eject) | ejection (eject) (e.g. coronal mass ejection) | ||
electrification (electrify) | electrification (electrify) | ||
electrocution (electrocute) | |||
electrodeposition (electrodeposit) | |||
electroplating (electroplate) | |||
electrorefining (electrorefine) | |||
electrowinning (electrowin) | |||
elimination (eliminate) | elimination (eliminate) | ||
elongation (elongate) | elongation (elongate) | ||
elution (elute) | |||
eluviation (eluviate) | |||
emanation (emanate) | |||
embalming (embalm) | |||
embarcation (embark) | |||
embedding (embed) | |||
embrittlement (embrittle) | |||
emergence (emerge) | emergence (emerge) | ||
emigration (emigrate) | emigration (emigrate) | ||
emission (emit) (e.g. particle emission) | emission (emit) (e.g. particle emission) | ||
emplacement (emplace) (e.g. pluton emplacement in geology) | |||
emulsification (emulsify) | emulsification (emulsify) | ||
encapsulation (encapsulate) | encapsulation (encapsulate) | ||
Line 353: | Line 622: | ||
encroachment (encroach) | encroachment (encroach) | ||
enforcement (enforce) | enforcement (enforce) | ||
engaging (engage) | |||
engraving (engrave) | |||
enrichment (enrich) (e.g of uranium) | enrichment (enrich) (e.g of uranium) | ||
enrobing (enrobe) (the process of coating fillings, etc. with chocolate) | |||
ensilage (silage, silaging) (process of making silage) | |||
entanglement (entangle) (e.g. quantum entanglement) | entanglement (entangle) (e.g. quantum entanglement) | ||
entrainment (entrain) | entrainment (entrain) | ||
entrance (enter) (e.g. entrance_speed) | entrance (enter) (e.g. entrance_speed) | ||
entry (enter) | |||
equalization (equalize) (e.g. equalization_pressure) | equalization (equalize) (e.g. equalization_pressure) | ||
equilibration (equilibrate) | |||
equinox (equinox, "equinoxing") (e.g. equinox_time; as something the earth is doing) | |||
eradication (eradicate) | eradication (eradicate) | ||
erosion (erode) | erosion (erode) | ||
eruption (erupt) (e.g. | eruption (erupt) (e.g. of volcanoes or teeth) | ||
escape (escape, escaping) (e.g earth_escape_speed) | escape (escape, escaping) (e.g earth_escape_speed) | ||
espionage (from spying) | |||
escalation (escalate) | |||
establishment (e.g. zone of flow establishment) | |||
esterification (esterificate) | |||
estimation (estimate) | |||
estivation (estivate) (similar to hibernation) | |||
etching (etch) | |||
ethylation (ethylate) | |||
eutrophication (eutrophicate) | eutrophication (eutrophicate) | ||
evacuation (evacuate) | |||
evaluation (evaluate) | evaluation (evaluate) | ||
evaporation (evaporate) | evaporation (evaporate) | ||
evapotranspiration (evapotranspirate) | evapotranspiration (evapotranspirate) | ||
evasion (evade) | |||
evection (evect ??) (a regular perturbation of moon's orbital eccentricity due to the sun) | |||
evolution (evolve) | evolution (evolve) | ||
examination (examine) | examination (examine) | ||
excavation (excavate) | excavation (excavate) | ||
exceedance (exceed) | |||
exchange (exchange, exchanging) (e.g. bulk_exchange_coefficient) | exchange (exchange, exchanging) (e.g. bulk_exchange_coefficient) | ||
excitation (excite) (see inhibition) | excitation (excite) (see inhibition) | ||
exclusion (exclude) | exclusion (exclude) | ||
excretion (excrete) | excretion (excrete) | ||
excursion (excurse) (e.g. brownian excursion process) | |||
exertion (exert) | |||
exfiltration (exfiltrate) (opposite of infiltrate) | |||
exfoliation (exfoliate) | |||
exhalation (exhale) | |||
exhaust (exhaust, exhausting) (e.g. from an automobile) | exhaust (exhaust, exhausting) (e.g. from an automobile) | ||
exhaustion (exhaust) | exhaustion (exhaust) | ||
exhumation (exhume) (e.g. exhumation_rate in geology) | |||
existence (exist, existing) | |||
exit (exit, exiting) (e.g. rocket_nozzle_exit_speed) | exit (exit, exiting) (e.g. rocket_nozzle_exit_speed) | ||
exodus | exodus | ||
expansion (expand) (see contraction) | expansion (expand) (see contraction) | ||
expiration (expire) | |||
exploitation (exploit) | |||
explosion (explode) (see implosion) | explosion (explode) (see implosion) | ||
exporting (export) ?? (see import) | exporting (export) ?? (see import) | ||
exposure (expose) | exposure (expose) (e.g. exposure_duration) | ||
expression (express) | expression (express) (e.g. in genetics) | ||
expulsion (expel) | expulsion (expel) | ||
exsanguination (exsanguinate) (the process of blood loss) | |||
extension (extend) | extension (extend) | ||
extermination (exterminate) | |||
exteroception (??) | |||
extinction (extinct) (extinct is also a verb, from "extinguish") | extinction (extinct) (extinct is also a verb, from "extinguish") | ||
extinguishment (extinguish) | extinguishment (extinguish) | ||
Line 397: | Line 697: | ||
== {{ Bar Heading| text=F}} == | == {{ Bar Heading| text=F}} == | ||
fabrication (fabricate) | |||
fading (fade) | |||
faceting (facet) | |||
failure (fail, failing) | failure (fail, failing) | ||
falling (fall) | falling (fall) | ||
fallout (fallout) | fallout (fallout) | ||
fasciculation (fasciculate) | |||
fastening (fasten) | |||
fasting (fast) | |||
faulting (fault) (e.g. detachment_faulting, thrust_faulting) | faulting (fault) (e.g. detachment_faulting, thrust_faulting) | ||
fecundation (fecundate) | |||
feedback (feedback, "feeding back") | feedback (feedback, "feeding back") | ||
feeding (feed) | |||
fermentation (ferment) | fermentation (ferment) | ||
fertilization (fertilize) | fertigation (fertigate) | ||
fertilization (fertilize, fertilizing) | |||
fibrillation (fibrillate) | |||
fibrosis | |||
filamentation (filament) (e.g. in bacterial growth) | |||
filling (fill) | filling (fill) | ||
filtering (filter) | filtering (filter) | ||
filtration (filtrate) | filtration (filtrate) | ||
finding (find) (e.g. | finding (find) (e.g. root finding) | ||
fingering (finger) (e.g. viscous fingering) | |||
fining (fine) (e.g. downstream fining of grain size) | fining (fine) (e.g. downstream fining of grain size) | ||
firing (fire) (neuron_firing_rate) | firing (fire) (neuron_firing_rate) | ||
fission | fission (fission) (e.g. nuclear_fission, cell_fission; verb and noun) | ||
fixation (fixate) (in CF) | fixation (fixate) (in CF, e.g. nitrogen fixation) | ||
fixing (fix) | |||
flagellation (flagellate) | |||
flameholding (flamehold) (in combustion physics) | |||
flashback (flashback) (in combustion physics) | |||
flashing (flash) | |||
flattening (flatten) (e.g. ellipsoid flattening ratio) | |||
flavoring (flavor) | |||
flexure (flex) | flexure (flex) | ||
flight (fly, flying) (e.g. | flickering (flicker) | ||
flight (fly, flying) (e.g. flight_duration) | |||
flipping (flip) | |||
floating (float) | |||
flocculation (flocculate) | flocculation (flocculate) | ||
flood (flood, flooding) | flood (flood, flooding) | ||
Line 420: | Line 743: | ||
fluctuation (fluctuate) | fluctuation (fluctuate) | ||
fluorescence (fluoresce) (see bioluminescence) | fluorescence (fluoresce) (see bioluminescence) | ||
fluorination (fluorinate) | |||
flushing (flush) | flushing (flush) | ||
flutter (flutter, fluttering) (see: [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aeroelastic_flutter#Flutter Flutter].) | flutter (flutter, fluttering) (see: [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aeroelastic_flutter#Flutter Flutter].) | ||
flying (fly) (e.g. flying_time) | |||
focusing (focus) | |||
folding (fold) (e.g. protein_folding and in geology) | folding (fold) (e.g. protein_folding and in geology) | ||
following (follow) (e.g. terrain following coordinates) | following (follow) (e.g. terrain following coordinates) | ||
foraging (forage) | foraging (forage) (e.g. foraging_area, foraging_distance) | ||
forcing (force) | forcing (force) | ||
forging (forge) | forging (forge) | ||
formation (form) | formation (form) | ||
fortification (fortify) | |||
fouling (foul) | fouling (foul) | ||
fractionization (fractionize) | fractionization (fractionize) | ||
Line 434: | Line 761: | ||
freezing (freeze) | freezing (freeze) | ||
freshening (freshen) (of salt water) | freshening (freshen) (of salt water) | ||
friction #### (doesn't satisfy our definition; both a force and a process?) | |||
fumigation (fumigate) | fumigation (fumigate) | ||
fusion (fuse) | fusion (fuse) | ||
Line 443: | Line 771: | ||
gaining (gain) | gaining (gain) | ||
galling (gall) (e.g. thread galling) | |||
gathering (gather) | gathering (gather) | ||
gating (gate) | |||
gelation (gelate) | |||
gelifluction (gelifluct ?) | |||
generation (generate, generating) | generation (generate, generating) | ||
genesis | genesis (generate ?) | ||
germination (germinate) | germination (germinate) (e.g. germination_period) | ||
glaciation (glaciate) (also used in cloud physics) | glaciation (glaciate) (also used in cloud physics) | ||
glancing (glance) (e.g. glancing_angle) | |||
glide (glide, gliding) (e.g. glide_distance, glide_height, glide_ratio) | |||
globalization (globalize) | |||
glowing (glow) (see illumination, phosphorescence, fluorescence) | glowing (glow) (see illumination, phosphorescence, fluorescence) | ||
governing (govern) (e.g. governing equations) | governing (govern) (e.g. governing equations) | ||
grading (grade) (e.g. grading a road) | |||
grafting (graft) | grafting (graft) | ||
gravitation (gravitate) | gravitation (gravitate) | ||
grazing (graze) (and overgrazing) | grazing (graze) (and overgrazing) | ||
gridding (grid) | gridding (grid) | ||
grinding (grind) | |||
grip (grip, gripping) | |||
grounding (ground) | grounding (ground) | ||
growing (grow) (e.g. growing_season) | growing (grow) (e.g. growing_season) | ||
growth (grow) (e.g. population_mean_growth_rate) | growth (grow) (e.g. population_mean_growth_rate) | ||
guidance (guide) (e.g. missile guidance system) | |||
guiding (guide) | |||
guttation (guttate) | |||
gyration (gyrate) (e.g. gyration_rate of a gyre) | gyration (gyrate) (e.g. gyration_rate of a gyre) | ||
Line 464: | Line 805: | ||
== {{ Bar Heading| text=H}} == | == {{ Bar Heading| text=H}} == | ||
habitation (inhabit, inhabiting) | |||
hadronization (hadronize) (forming hadrons out of quarks and gluons) | hadronization (hadronize) (forming hadrons out of quarks and gluons) | ||
halogenation (halogenate) | |||
hardening (harden) (see softening) | hardening (harden) (see softening) | ||
harvest (harvest, harvesting) | harvest (harvest, harvesting) | ||
heating (heat) | heating (heat) | ||
heaving (heave) (e.g. frost_heaving) | heaving (heave) (e.g. frost_heaving, e.g. a type of boat movement) | ||
herding (herd) | |||
hesitation (hesitate) | |||
heterosis (??) | |||
hibernation (hibernate) | hibernation (hibernate) | ||
hiding (hiding) (e.g. hiding factor ??) | hiding (hiding) (e.g. hiding factor ??) | ||
hitting (hit) (e.g. hit_rate ??) | hitting (hit) (e.g. hit_rate ??) | ||
hoarding (hoard) (e.g. animal behavior) | |||
hoisting (hoist) | |||
hop (hop, hopping) (e.g. hop_length) | |||
hovering (hover) | |||
humidification (humidify) | |||
hunting (hunt) | hunting (hunt) | ||
hybridization (hybridize) | |||
hydration (hydrate) | hydration (hydrate) | ||
hydrogenation (hydrogenate) | |||
hydrolysis (hydrolyze) | |||
hydropeaking (hydropeak) | |||
hydroplaning (hydroplane) (also called aquaplaning) | |||
hyperpolarization (hyperpolarize) | |||
<br/> | <br/> | ||
Line 484: | Line 841: | ||
icepush (icepush, "icepushing") ###### ???? (see ridging) | icepush (icepush, "icepushing") ###### ???? (see ridging) | ||
identification (identify) | identification (identify) | ||
idling (idle) | |||
ignition (ignite) | ignition (ignite) | ||
illumination (illuminate) | illumination (illuminate) | ||
illuviation (illuviate) | |||
imbrication (imbricate) (in geology) | |||
immersion (immerse) | immersion (immerse) | ||
immigration (immigrate) (see emigration) | immigration (immigrate) (see emigration) | ||
immobilization (immobilize) | |||
immunization (immunize) | |||
impact (impact, impaction) (e.g. crater_formation) | impact (impact, impaction) (e.g. crater_formation) | ||
impairment (impair) (e.g. of the environment or water supply) | |||
impedance (impede) | impedance (impede) | ||
impelling (impel) | |||
impinging (impinge) | impinging (impinge) | ||
implantation (implant) | |||
implosion (implode) | implosion (implode) | ||
importing (import) ?? (see export) | importing (import) ?? (see export) | ||
Line 496: | Line 861: | ||
impregnation (impregnate) | impregnation (impregnate) | ||
improvement (improve) | improvement (improve) | ||
incarceration (incarcerate) | |||
inception (incept) | |||
incineration (incinerate) | |||
incision (incise) | |||
inclination (incline) | inclination (incline) | ||
inclusion (include) | inclusion (include) | ||
incorporation (incorporate) (i.e. making a part of) | |||
incubation (incubate) (e.g. incubation_period) | incubation (incubate) (e.g. incubation_period) | ||
incursion (incurse ??) | |||
indentation (indent) (e.g. indentation_hardness) | |||
independence (??) | |||
indication (indicate) | indication (indicate) | ||
induction (induce) (e.g. induction_period in chemical kinetics) | induction (induce) (e.g. induction_period in chemical kinetics) | ||
inebriation (inebriate) | |||
infarction (infarct) (medical) | |||
infection (infect) | |||
infestation (infest) | |||
infilling (infill) (e.g. at the beds of glaciers) | |||
infiltration (infiltrate) | infiltration (infiltrate) | ||
inflation (inflate) (e.g. cosmic_inflation) | inflammation (inflame) | ||
inflation (inflate) (e.g. cosmic_inflation, tire inflation) | |||
inflection (inflect) | |||
inflicting (inflict) | |||
inflow (inflow, inflowing) | inflow (inflow, inflowing) | ||
influence (influence, influencing) | influence (influence, influencing) | ||
Line 508: | Line 889: | ||
ingestion (ingest) | ingestion (ingest) | ||
ingress (ingress) (e.g. signal ingress, or leakage into cables; see egress) | ingress (ingress) (e.g. signal ingress, or leakage into cables; see egress) | ||
inhalation (inhale) | |||
inheritance (inherit) (in genetics) | inheritance (inherit) (in genetics) | ||
inhibition (inhibit) (see excitation) | inhibition (inhibit) (see excitation) | ||
initialization (initialize) | initialization (initialize) | ||
injection (inject) (injection_rate in a well) | injection (inject) (injection_rate in a well) | ||
injuring (injure, injury) | |||
innervation (innervate) | |||
innovation (innovate) | |||
inoculation (inoculate) | |||
insertion (insert) | insertion (insert) | ||
insolation (insolate) (at ground; "solar irradiation constant" minus losses in atmosphere) | insolation (insolate) (at ground; "solar irradiation constant" minus losses in atmosphere) | ||
inspection (inspect) | |||
installation (install) | |||
insulation (insulate) | insulation (insulate) | ||
intake (intake, intaking) | intake (intake, intaking) | ||
integration (integrate) | integration (integrate) | ||
intensification (intensify) | |||
interaction (interact) (e.g. wave_wave_ or wave_current_interaction ??) | interaction (interact) (e.g. wave_wave_ or wave_current_interaction ??) | ||
interbreeding (interbreed) | |||
intercalation (intercalate) (e.g. intercalated DNA) | intercalation (intercalate) (e.g. intercalated DNA) | ||
interception (intercept) | interception (intercept) | ||
interconnection (interconnect) | |||
interdependence (interdepend) | |||
interference (interfere) (e.g. waves) | interference (interfere) (e.g. waves) | ||
interflow (interflow) (see baseflow, through flow) | |||
interlocking (interlock) | |||
intermingling (intermingle) | |||
interoception (??) | |||
interruption (interrupt) | |||
intersection (intersect) | |||
interspersal (intersperse) | |||
interpolation (interpolate) | interpolation (interpolate) | ||
intoxication (intoxicate) | |||
introgression (introgress) (e.g. in genetics, also introgressive hybridization) | introgression (introgress) (e.g. in genetics, also introgressive hybridization) | ||
intrusion (intrude) (e.g. | intrusion (intrude) (e.g. salt water intrusion) | ||
inundation (inundate) (e.g. | inundation (inundate) (e.g. flood plain inundation) | ||
invasion (invade) | invasion (invade) | ||
inversion (inverse) (e.g. | inversion (inverse) (e.g. atmospheric inversion, thermal inversion) | ||
ionization (ionize) | invocation (invoke) | ||
iodination (iodinate) | |||
ionization (ionize) (e.g. ionization_speed) | |||
irradiation (irradiate) (see "insolation") | irradiation (irradiate) (see "insolation") | ||
irrigation (irrigate) | irrigation (irrigate) | ||
irritation (irritate) | |||
isolation (isolate) | |||
iteration (iterate) | iteration (iterate) | ||
Line 537: | Line 941: | ||
== {{ Bar Heading| text=J}} == | == {{ Bar Heading| text=J}} == | ||
( | jacking (jack) (e.g. jacking up a car) | ||
jackknifing (jackknife) | |||
jamming (jam) (e.g. jamming a radio frequency) | |||
jaywalking (jaywalk) | |||
jetting (jet) (e.g. carburetor jetting) | |||
judder (judder, juddering) (mostly British; a TV image problem) | |||
juicing (juice) | |||
jumping (jump) | |||
juxtaposition (juxtapose) | |||
<br/> | <br/> | ||
<!-- ============================================= --> | <!-- ============================================= --> | ||
== {{ Bar Heading| text=K}} == | == {{ Bar Heading| text=K}} == | ||
( | kinking (kink) | ||
knocking (knock) | |||
<br/> | <br/> | ||
<!-- ============================================= --> | <!-- ============================================= --> | ||
== {{ Bar Heading| text=L}} == | == {{ Bar Heading| text=L}} == | ||
laceration (lacerate, lacerating) | |||
lag (lag, lagging) (e.g. lag_time) | lag (lag, lagging) (e.g. lag_time) | ||
lamination (laminate) | |||
landfall (landfall) (e.g. hurricane_landfall_rate ??) | landfall (landfall) (e.g. hurricane_landfall_rate ??) | ||
landing (land) (e.g. airplane landing time) | |||
landsliding (landslide) | |||
lapse (lapse, lapsing) (e.g. lapse_rate of an atmospheric variable, usuaally temperature) | lapse (lapse, lapsing) (e.g. lapse_rate of an atmospheric variable, usuaally temperature) | ||
lashing (lash) | |||
latching (latch) | |||
lateration (laterate) (also: "unilateration", "trilateration", "multilateration"; see "ranging") | lateration (laterate) (also: "unilateration", "trilateration", "multilateration"; see "ranging") | ||
launching (launch) | launching (launch) | ||
lautering (lauter) (in beer brewing) | |||
laying (lay) | laying (lay) | ||
leaching (leach) (e.g. leaching into soil) | leaching (leach) (e.g. leaching into soil) | ||
lead (lead, leading) (e.g. lead_time for disaster warnings) | lead (lead, leading) (e.g. lead_time for disaster warnings) | ||
leakage (leak, leaking) | leakage (leak, leaking) | ||
leaning (lean) | |||
lensing (lense) (e.g. gravitational lensing) | |||
leveling (level) | |||
levering (lever) | |||
levitation (levitate) (e.g. magnetic levitation) | levitation (levitate) (e.g. magnetic levitation) | ||
libration (librate) (See: [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libration Libration].) | libration (librate) (See: [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libration Libration].) | ||
lifting (lift) (in aerodynamics; see drag, thrust) | lifting (lift) (in aerodynamics; see drag, thrust) | ||
liftoff (liftoff) (of rockets, from "lifting off the ground") | |||
ligation (ligate) | ligation (ligate) | ||
limiting (limit) | |||
lining (line) | |||
linkage (link) | |||
lipolysis | |||
liquefaction (liquefy or liquify) | liquefaction (liquefy or liquify) | ||
listing (list) (e.g. of a boat) | |||
lithification (lithificate) (in geology) | |||
litterfall (litterfall) (from plants) | |||
loading (load) (e.g. beam_loading) | loading (load) (e.g. beam_loading) | ||
localization (localize) (e.g sound localization, or identifying the source of a sound) | |||
locking (lock) (e.g. tidal locking) | locking (lock) (e.g. tidal locking) | ||
locomotion (locomote) (e.g. aquatic_locomotion, animal self movement) | locomotion (locomote) (e.g. aquatic_locomotion, animal self movement) | ||
logging (log) (i.e. tree cutting) | |||
lordosis | |||
loss (lose, losing) | loss (lose, losing) | ||
lowering (lower) | lowering (lower) | ||
Line 576: | Line 1,013: | ||
== {{ Bar Heading| text=M}} == | == {{ Bar Heading| text=M}} == | ||
maceration (macerate) | |||
macgyvering (macgyver) | |||
machining (machine) | |||
magnetization (magnetize) | magnetization (magnetize) | ||
magnification (magnify) (e.g. magnification_factor) | magnification (magnify) (e.g. magnification_factor) | ||
maintenance (maintain) | maintenance (maintain) | ||
management (manage) | |||
maneuvering (maneuver) | maneuvering (maneuver) | ||
manufacture (manufacture, manufacturing) | |||
mapping (map) | mapping (map) | ||
marching (march) | marching (march) | ||
marking (mark) | |||
martempering (martemper) (heat treatment for steel) | martempering (martemper) (heat treatment for steel) | ||
masking (mask) | masking (mask) | ||
mastication (masticate) | |||
matching (match) | matching (match) | ||
mating (mate) (animal behavior) | |||
maturation (mature) | maturation (mature) | ||
maximization (maximize) | maximization (maximize) | ||
meandering (meander) | |||
measurement (measure, measuring) | measurement (measure, measuring) | ||
mediation (mediate) (e.g. semantic_mediation) | mediation (mediate) (e.g. semantic_mediation) | ||
meeting (meet) | |||
meiosis (meiosis) (e.g. a type of cell division) | |||
melt (melt, melting) | melt (melt, melting) | ||
mending (mend) | |||
metamorphosis (metamorphose) | merging (merge) | ||
migration (migrate) | metabolizing (metabolize, metabolization?, metabolic?) (e.g. "basal metabolic rate", "resting metabolic rate") | ||
metagenesis | |||
metamorphosis (metamorphose, metamorphism) | |||
methylation (methylate) | |||
migration (migrate) (e.g. animals or river channels) | |||
milling (mill) | |||
mineralization (mineralize) | |||
minimization (minimize) | minimization (minimize) | ||
mining (mine) | mining (mine) | ||
missing (miss) | |||
mitigation (mitigate) | mitigation (mitigate) | ||
mitosis (mitosis) | |||
mixing (mix) (e.g. prandtl_mixing_length) | mixing (mix) (e.g. prandtl_mixing_length) | ||
mobilization (mobilize) | mobilization (mobilize) | ||
moderation (moderate) | |||
modification (modify) | |||
modulation (modulate) | |||
molding (mold) (e.g. injection molding) | |||
monitoring (monitor) | monitoring (monitor) | ||
mooring (moor) | |||
motion (move) (motion_rate = velocity) | motion (move) (motion_rate = velocity) | ||
movement (move, moving) (e.g. mass movement) | |||
mowing (mow) (e.g. mowing_frequency and mowing_height) | |||
multilateration (multilaterate) (a navigation technique) | |||
multiplication (multiply) | multiplication (multiply) | ||
mutation (mutate) | mutation (mutate) | ||
Line 609: | Line 1,073: | ||
navigation (navigate) | navigation (navigate) | ||
nesting (nest) (e.g. a fine grid within a coarse grid) | |||
neurovitrification (neurovitrify) | |||
neutralization (neutralize) (e.g. an odor) | neutralization (neutralize) (e.g. an odor) | ||
nitrification (nitrify) (see denitrification) | nitrification (nitrify) (see denitrification) | ||
Line 619: | Line 1,085: | ||
<br/> | <br/> | ||
<!-- ============================================= --> | <!-- ============================================= --> | ||
== {{ Bar Heading| text=O}} == | == {{ Bar Heading| text=O}} == | ||
obduction (obduct) (e.g. of one tectonic plate onto another) | |||
obliteration (obliterate) | obliteration (obliterate) | ||
observation (observe) | observation (observe) | ||
obstruction (obstruct) | obstruction (obstruct) | ||
occlusion (occlude) (e.g. of a blood vessel) | |||
occultation (occult) (e.g. in astronomy) | |||
occurrence (occur) | occurrence (occur) | ||
offense (offend, offending) | |||
onset (onset) | |||
oozing (ooze) | oozing (ooze) | ||
opening (open) | |||
operating (operate, operation) (e.g. operating_presssure) | operating (operate, operation) (e.g. operating_presssure) | ||
operation (operate) (e.g. surgical procedure) | |||
opposing (oppose) | |||
opposition (oppose) (e.g. in astronomy) | |||
optimization (optimize) | optimization (optimize) | ||
orienting (orient) | |||
origination (originate) | |||
oscillation (oscillate) | oscillation (oscillate) | ||
osmosis (osmote, osmoting) | osmosis (osmote, osmoting) | ||
outage (out) (e.g. power outage) | |||
outbreak (outbreak, outbreaking) (in context of disease) | outbreak (outbreak, outbreaking) (in context of disease) | ||
outburst (outburst) (e.g. glacial outburst, jokulhlaup) | |||
outcropping (outcrop) | |||
outcrossing (outcross) | |||
outflow (outflow, outflowing) | outflow (outflow, outflowing) | ||
outgassing (outgas) | outgassing (outgas) | ||
overexertion (overexert) | |||
overflow (overflow, overflowing) | |||
overgrazing (overgraze) | overgrazing (overgraze) | ||
overpopulation (overpopulate) | overpopulation (overpopulate) | ||
overshoot (overshoot, overshooting) | |||
overturning (overturn) (in CF) | overturning (overturn) (in CF) | ||
ovulation (ovulate) | ovulation (ovulate) | ||
oxidation (oxidize) | oxidation (oxidize, oxidizing) (see reduction) | ||
oxychlorination (oxychlorinate) | |||
oxygenation (oxygenate) | oxygenation (oxygenate) | ||
Line 646: | Line 1,131: | ||
== {{ Bar Heading| text=P}} == | == {{ Bar Heading| text=P}} == | ||
packing (pack) (e.g. packing_factor) | |||
painting (paint) | |||
pairing (pair) | pairing (pair) | ||
panning (pan) | |||
panspermia (??) | |||
parachuting (parachute) | |||
paralysis (paralyze) | |||
parametrization (parametrize) | |||
pargeting (parget) | |||
participation (participate) | |||
partition (partition, partitioning) (e.g. partition_ratio is preferred by IUPAC to partition_coefficient) | |||
passing (pass) | |||
passivation (passivate) | |||
patching (patch) | patching (patch) | ||
patination (patinate) | |||
paving (pave) | |||
payoff (pay) | |||
peaking (peak) (e.g. peaking_time ?) | peaking (peak) (e.g. peaking_time ?) | ||
penetration (penetrate) (e.g. penetration_depth) | pedaling (pedal) | ||
penetration (penetrate) (e.g. penetration_depth, e.g. of light into water, etc.) | |||
percolation (percolate) | percolation (percolate) | ||
percussion (percuss) | |||
perforation (perforate, perforating) | |||
perfusion (perfuse) | perfusion (perfuse) | ||
peristalsis | |||
permineralization (permineralize) | |||
permutation (permute) | permutation (permute) | ||
perturbation (perturb) | peroxidation (peroxidate, peroxidize, peroxidizing) | ||
persistence (persist) (e.g. persistence_length, persistence_time; also of video images) | |||
perspiration (perspire) | |||
perturbation (perturb) (e.g. perturbation_parameter) | |||
petrification (petrify, petrifying) (e.g. petrification of wood) | |||
phosphorescence (phosphoresce) | phosphorescence (phosphoresce) | ||
phosphorylation (phosphorylate) | |||
photolysis (photolyze) (also photodissociation, photodecomposition) | |||
photophosphorylation (photophosphorylate) | |||
photorespiration (photorespirate) | photorespiration (photorespirate) | ||
photosynthesis (photosynthesize) | photosynthesis (photosynthesize) | ||
picking (pick) | |||
piercing (pierce) | |||
pinching (pinch) | |||
pinging (ping) | pinging (ping) | ||
pinning (pin) | |||
piping (pipe) | piping (pipe) | ||
pitching (pitch) (e.g. vs. yaw) | pitching (pitch) (e.g. vs. yaw) | ||
pitting (pit) | pitting (pit) | ||
pivoting (pivot) | |||
placement (place) | placement (place) | ||
planation (planate) | |||
planning (plan) | |||
planting (plant) | |||
plastering (plaster) | |||
plowing (plow) (e.g. plowing roads) | |||
plucking (pluck) (as in sediment on a streambed) | plucking (pluck) (as in sediment on a streambed) | ||
plugging (plug) | |||
plunging (plunge) | plunging (plunge) | ||
polarization (polarize) (e.g. | pointing (point) | ||
poisoning (poison) | |||
polarization (polarize) (e.g. polarization_angle) | |||
polishing (polish) (e.g. polishing roots with a root finder) | |||
pollination (pollinate) | |||
pollution (pollute) | pollution (pollute) | ||
polymerization (polymerize) (in chemistry) | polymerization (polymerize) (in chemistry) | ||
ponding (pond) (e.g. infiltration ponding time) | ponding (pond) (e.g. infiltration ponding time or ponding depth) | ||
population (populate) (population_growth_rate, repopulation_rate ??) | population (populate) (population_growth_rate, repopulation_rate ??) | ||
porpoising (porpoise) (a ground effect of some race cars) | |||
portage (port) | |||
positioning (position) (e.g. positioning systems) | |||
potentiation (potentiate) (e.g. long-term potentiation of nerve cells) | |||
pouring (pour) | |||
precession (precess) (e.g. precession of Mercury; see nutation) | precession (precess) (e.g. precession of Mercury; see nutation) | ||
precipitation (precipitate) | precipitation (precipitate) | ||
predation (predate or "prey upon") | predation (predate or "prey upon") | ||
prediction (predict) | |||
preprocessing (preprocess) | preprocessing (preprocess) | ||
processing (process) | processing (process) | ||
predation (prey, preying) (e.g. predation_pressure) | predation (prey, preying) (e.g. predation_pressure) | ||
preparation (prepare) (e.g. preparation_time) | |||
preservation (preserve) (e.g. of food) | |||
preserving (preserve) (e.g. area preserving or angle preserving transformations) | |||
pressing (press) (e.g. pressing_ratio and pressure_ratio ??) | |||
pressurization (pressurize) | |||
prevailing (prevail) (e.g. wind prevailing direction) | prevailing (prevail) (e.g. wind prevailing direction) | ||
priming (prime) | prevention (prevent) (e.g. accident prevention) | ||
priming (prime) (e.g. priming a pump, stove or engine) | |||
probing (probe) (e.g. probing_depth in dentistry) | |||
processing (process) | |||
procurement (procure) | |||
production (produce) | production (produce) | ||
progradation (prograde) (see "aggradation") | progradation (prograde) (see "aggradation") | ||
projection (project) (e.g. map projection) | projection (project) (e.g. map projection) | ||
propagation (propagate) | proliferation (proliferate) (e.g. of dams or nuclear weapons) | ||
prolongation (prolong) | |||
promotion (promote) | |||
propagation (propagate) (e.g. waves, errors or disease) | |||
proprioception (??) | |||
propulsion (propel) | propulsion (propel) | ||
protection (protect) | protection (protect, protecting) | ||
protonation (protonate) | |||
provocation (provoke) | |||
pruning (prune) (e.g. in network extraction from DEMs) | pruning (prune) (e.g. in network extraction from DEMs) | ||
pulling (pull) | pulling (pull) | ||
pulsation (pulsate) (e.g. heart_pulsation_rate vs. pulse_rate) | pulmonation (pulmonate) | ||
pulsation (pulsate, pulsating) (e.g. heart_pulsation_rate vs. pulse_rate) | |||
pulverizing (pulverize) | pulverizing (pulverize) | ||
pumping (pump) (think about heart_rate vs. heart_pumping_rate, etc.) | pumping (pump) (think about heart_rate vs. heart_pumping_rate, etc.) | ||
puncturing (puncture) | |||
purification (purify) | purification (purify) | ||
pushing (push) | |||
putrefaction (putrefy) | |||
pyritization (pyritize) | |||
<br/> | <br/> | ||
Line 696: | Line 1,248: | ||
== {{ Bar Heading| text=Q}} == | == {{ Bar Heading| text=Q}} == | ||
quarantine (quarantine, quarantining) | |||
quenching (quench) (rapid cooling; quenching_distance in combustion) | quenching (quench) (rapid cooling; quenching_distance in combustion) | ||
quilting (quilt) (a modeling term) | quilting (quilt) (a modeling term) | ||
Line 704: | Line 1,257: | ||
== {{ Bar Heading| text=R}} == | == {{ Bar Heading| text=R}} == | ||
race (race, racing) (e.g. race_time) | |||
radiation (radiate) | radiation (radiate) | ||
radiolocating (radiolocate) (also radiolocation) | |||
rafting (raft) (e.g. ice rafting; sediment transported on or in ice) | rafting (raft) (e.g. ice rafting; sediment transported on or in ice) | ||
rainfall (rainfall, "rainfalling") (then rainfall_rate is preferred to rain_rate) | rainfall (rainfall, "rainfalling") (then rainfall_rate is preferred to rain_rate) | ||
Line 710: | Line 1,265: | ||
raise (raising) | raise (raising) | ||
ramping (ramp) | ramping (ramp) | ||
ranging (range) (also in combinations like "free_ranging" & laser_ranging; see " | rancidification (rancidify) | ||
ranging (range) (also in combinations like "free_ranging" & laser_ranging; see "alteration") | |||
ranking (rank) | |||
rarefaction (rarefy) (opposite of compression) | rarefaction (rarefy) (opposite of compression) | ||
ratcheting (ratchet) | |||
rating (rate) (e.g. rating_coefficient) | rating (rate) (e.g. rating_coefficient) | ||
reaction (react) | reaction (react) (e.g. reaction_time) | ||
rebound (rebound, rebounding?) (e.g. | readjustment (readjust) | ||
reaping (reap) | |||
reaeration (reaerate) (e.g. reaeration_coefficient) | |||
reassessment (reassess) | |||
reattachment (reattach) (e.g. in fluid dynamics of separated flows) | |||
rebound (rebound, rebounding?) (e.g. rebound_angle, isostatic rebound) | |||
reception (receive, receiving) | |||
recession (recede) | |||
recharge (recharge, recharging) (see discharge) | recharge (recharge, recharging) (see discharge) | ||
reciprocating (reciprocate) (e.g. reciprocating motion) | reciprocating (reciprocate) (e.g. reciprocating motion) | ||
recirculation (recirculate) | |||
reckoning (reckon) (e.g. dead reckoning) | reckoning (reckon) (e.g. dead reckoning) | ||
recognition (recognize) (e.g. | reclamation (reclaim) (e.g. water reclamation) | ||
recognition (recognize) (e.g. pattern recognition) | |||
recombination (recombine) (e.g. in genetics) | |||
reconciliation (reconcile) | reconciliation (reconcile) | ||
reconditioning (recondition) (e.g. surface reconditioning) | reconditioning (recondition) (e.g. surface reconditioning) | ||
reconnection (reconnect) (e.g. magnetic reconnection) | |||
reconstruction (reconstruct) | reconstruction (reconstruct) | ||
recovery (recover) | recovery (recover) | ||
Line 728: | Line 1,297: | ||
recursion (recurse) | recursion (recurse) | ||
recycling (recycle) (e.g. nutrient recycling) | recycling (recycle) (e.g. nutrient recycling) | ||
redistribution (redistribute) (e.g. of water in soil) | redirection (redirect) | ||
redistribution (redistribute) (e.g. of water in soil or of snow by wind) | |||
reduction (reduce) | reduction (reduce) | ||
reducing (reduce, e.g. chemistry: reducing atmosphere) | reducing (reduce, e.g. chemistry: reducing atmosphere) | ||
reading (read) (e.g. reading input files) | reading (read) (e.g. reading input files) | ||
reeling (reel) | |||
reentry (reenter, e.g. rentry_speed) | reentry (reenter, e.g. rentry_speed) | ||
refinement (refine) (e.g. grid refinement) | refinement (refine) (e.g. grid refinement) | ||
refining (refine) | refining (refine) | ||
reflection (reflect) (e.g. sonar signals) | reflection (reflect) (e.g. sonar signals) | ||
reflux | |||
refraction (refract) (see "diffraction") | refraction (refract) (see "diffraction") | ||
refreshing (refresh) (e.g. refresh_rate for monitors, aquariums?, refreshment) | refreshing (refresh) (e.g. refresh_rate for monitors, aquariums?, refreshment) | ||
refrigeration (refrigerate) | |||
refueling (refuel) | |||
refurbishing (refurbish) | |||
regelation (regelate?) (e.g. at the beds of glaciers) | |||
regeneration (regenerate) (e.g. ability to regenerate limbs) | regeneration (regenerate) (e.g. ability to regenerate limbs) | ||
registration (register) (e.g. registration of two grids) | registration (register) (e.g. registration of two grids) | ||
Line 743: | Line 1,319: | ||
regridding (regrid) | regridding (regrid) | ||
regulation (regulate) | regulation (regulate) | ||
regurgitation (regurgitate) | |||
rehabilitation (rehabilitate) | |||
reinforcement (reinforce) (e.g. positive and negative; or in construction) | reinforcement (reinforce) (e.g. positive and negative; or in construction) | ||
reintroduction (reintroduce) (e.g. a species) | reintroduction (reintroduce) (e.g. a species) | ||
rejection (reject) | rejection (reject) | ||
relaxation (relax) (e.g. relaxation_time; used in CF) | relaxation (relax) (e.g. relaxation_time; used in CF) | ||
relay (relay, relaying) | |||
releasing (release) | releasing (release) | ||
relief (relieve) | relief (relieve) | ||
relocation (relocate) | |||
remediation (remediate) (e.g. environmental remediation) | |||
remineralization (remineralize) | |||
remission (remit, remitting) | |||
removal (remove) | removal (remove) | ||
rendition (render, rendering) | |||
renewal (renew) | |||
repair (repair, repairing) | repair (repair, repairing) | ||
repelling (repel) | |||
repercussion (repercuss) | |||
replacement (replace) | replacement (replace) | ||
replenishment (replenish) (e.g. beach replenishment; see nourishment) | replenishment (replenish) (e.g. beach replenishment; see nourishment) | ||
replication (replicate) (e.g. DNA, virus; self_replication) | replication (replicate) (e.g. DNA, virus; self_replication) | ||
repopulation (repopulate) | repopulation (repopulate) | ||
repose (repose, resposing) (e.g. repose_angle) | |||
reproduction (reproduce; see production) | reproduction (reproduce; see production) | ||
reprogramming (reprogram) (e.g. in genetics) | |||
repulsion (repulse, repulsing) (see: repelling) | |||
requesting (request) | requesting (request) | ||
rescaling (rescale) (see upscaling, downscaling) | rescaling (rescale) (see upscaling, downscaling) | ||
Line 762: | Line 1,352: | ||
residence (reside) (residence_time) | residence (reside) (residence_time) | ||
resilience (resilient, but not a verb #########) | resilience (resilient, but not a verb #########) | ||
resistance (resist) | resistance (resist) (resistance is also used as a quantity) | ||
resolving (resolve) | resisting (resist) (e.g. resisting_force) | ||
resolving (resolve, resolution) (e.g. resolving power) | |||
resonance (resonate) | resonance (resonate) | ||
respiration (respirate) | respiration (respirate) | ||
response (respond, responding) | response (respond, responding) | ||
rest (rest, resting) (e.g. rest_mass and rest_energy) | rest (rest, resting) (e.g. rest_mass and rest_energy) | ||
restitution (restitute) | |||
restoration (restore) (in CF) | restoration (restore) (in CF) | ||
restoring (restore) (e.g. restoring_force) | |||
restraining (restrain) (e.g. restraining force) | |||
resurfacing (resurface) (e.g. medical procedure) | |||
resuscitation (resuscitate) (e.g. CPR) | |||
resuspension (resuspend) | |||
retarding (retard, retardation) | retarding (retard, retardation) | ||
retention (retain) (e.g. | retention (retain) (e.g. retention pond and water retention in soil) | ||
retooling (retool) | |||
retraction (retract) (e.g. of an arm) | |||
retreat (retreat, retreating) (e.g. glacier__retreat_rate) | |||
retrieval (retrieve) | retrieval (retrieve) | ||
retrofit (retrofit, retrofitting) | |||
retrogradation (retrograde) (see aggradation, progradation) | retrogradation (retrograde) (see aggradation, progradation) | ||
return (return, returning) (e.g. return flow, return period) | return (return, returning) (e.g. return flow, return period) | ||
reuse (reuse, reusing) | |||
revegetation (revegetate) | |||
reverberation (reverberate) | reverberation (reverberate) | ||
reversal (reverse) (e.g. | reversal (reverse) (e.g. magnetic pole reversal) | ||
reverse_engineering (reverse_engineer) | |||
reversion (revert) | |||
revolution (revolve) | revolution (revolve) | ||
reworking (rework) | |||
ricocheting (ricochet) | |||
ridging (ridge) (used in ice dynamics) | ridging (ridge) (used in ice dynamics) | ||
riding (ride) | |||
rifting (rift) (used in geodynamics) | |||
righting (right) (e.g. righting a ship) | righting (right) (e.g. righting a ship) | ||
riming (rime) (in CF) | riming (rime) (in CF) (e.g. of ice in the atmosphere) | ||
rinsing (rinse) | |||
rip (rip, ripping) (e.g. rip current) | rip (rip, ripping) (e.g. rip current) | ||
ripening (ripen) (e.g. snow, fruit, concrete or clay) | |||
rising (rise) (e.g. rising_time, rising limb, sea level rise; see sunrise and raise) | |||
risk (risk, risking) (e.g. risk_factor) | |||
rockfall (from falling rock) | |||
rocking (rock) (a type of molecular vibration) | rocking (rock) (a type of molecular vibration) | ||
rollback (e.g. in geodynamics) | |||
rolling (roll) (see pitching, sliding, slipping, yawing) | rolling (roll) (see pitching, sliding, slipping, yawing) | ||
rotation (rotate) | rotation (rotate) (e.g. crop rotation) | ||
roughnening (roughen) | roughnening (roughen) | ||
routing (route) (e.g. flow_routing, bank_routing_number) | routing (route) (e.g. flow_routing, bank_routing_number) | ||
rubbing (rub) | |||
running (run) (e.g. running_time or run_time) | running (run) (e.g. running_time or run_time) | ||
runoff (runoff, "running off") | runoff (runoff, "running off") | ||
Line 797: | Line 1,412: | ||
== {{ Bar Heading| text=S}} == | == {{ Bar Heading| text=S}} == | ||
saccharification (saccharificate) | |||
sailing (sail) | |||
saltation (saltate) ("hopping" of sediment grains; also used in biology) | saltation (saltate) ("hopping" of sediment grains; also used in biology) | ||
sampling (sample) | |||
sanding (sand) | |||
sanitation (sanitate) | |||
sanitization (sanitize) | |||
sapping (sap) (e.g. groundwater sapping) | sapping (sap) (e.g. groundwater sapping) | ||
saturation (saturate) | saturation (saturate) | ||
saving (save) | saving (save) | ||
scaling (scale) | scaling (scale) (e.g. changing scale, scaling a wall or scaling a fish, e.g. scale_factor) | ||
scanning (scan) | scanning (scan) | ||
scarring (scar) | |||
scattering (scatter) | scattering (scatter) | ||
scavenging (scavenge) | scavenging (scavenge) | ||
scintillation (scintillate) | |||
scouring (scour) | scouring (scour) | ||
scratch (scratch, scratching) (e.g. scratch_hardness) | |||
screening (screen) (e.g. debye_huckel_screening_length) | screening (screen) (e.g. debye_huckel_screening_length) | ||
sealing (seal) (e.g. induction sealing, sealing wax) | sealing (seal) (e.g. induction sealing, sealing wax) | ||
searching (search) (e.g. search_radius) | searching (search) (e.g. search_radius) | ||
seating (seat) (e.g. seating capacity) | |||
seclusion (seclude) | |||
secretion (secrete) | secretion (secrete) | ||
sectioning (section) | |||
securing (secure) | |||
sedimentation (sediment) (in CF) | sedimentation (sediment) (in CF) | ||
seeding (seed) (e.g. cloud seeding) | seeding (seed) (e.g. cloud seeding) | ||
seeking (seek) (e.g. heat_seeking_missile) | seeking (seek) (e.g. heat_seeking_missile) | ||
seepage (seep, seeping) | seepage (seep, seeping) | ||
selection (select) | segregation (segregate) (e.g. ice segregation in arctic hydrology) | ||
seizure (seize) | |||
selection (select) (e.g. natural selection) | |||
sensing (sense) (e.g. remote_sensing) | sensing (sense) (e.g. remote_sensing) | ||
separation (separate) | separation (separate) (e.g. flow separation or saucer section separation) | ||
sequencing (sequence) (e.g. DNA or genome sequencing) | sequencing (sequence) (e.g. DNA or genome sequencing) | ||
sequestration (sequester) | sequestration (sequester) | ||
setting (set) (e.g. | serotyping (serotype) | ||
setting (set) (e.g. setting_time of the sun or concrete) | |||
settling (settle) (e.g. stokes_settling_velocity) | settling (settle) (e.g. stokes_settling_velocity) | ||
sewing (sew) | |||
shading (shade) | shading (shade) | ||
shadowing (shadow) | shadowing (shadow) | ||
shaking (shake) (e.g. shaking_amplitude for earthquakes) | |||
shaping (shape) (e.g. shaping time) | shaping (shape) (e.g. shaping time) | ||
sharing (share) | |||
shattering (shatter) (e.g. frost and salt) | shattering (shatter) (e.g. frost and salt) | ||
shear (shear, shearing) (e.g. shearing_stress (Batchelor, 1988), or just shear_stress) | shear (shear, shearing) (e.g. shearing_stress (Batchelor, 1988), or just shear_stress) | ||
Line 829: | Line 1,463: | ||
shielding (shield) (e.g. for cables; see egress and ingress) | shielding (shield) (e.g. for cables; see egress and ingress) | ||
shifting (shift) | shifting (shift) | ||
shoaling (shoal) | |||
shooting (shoot) (e.g. shooting methods) | |||
shortage (short) (short can be a verb) | |||
shredding (shred) | |||
shrinkage (shrink) | |||
shrinking (shrink) | shrinking (shrink) | ||
shunting (shunt) | |||
sideslip (sideslip, sideslipping) (e.g. sideslip_angle) | |||
sieving (sieve) | sieving (sieve) | ||
sifting (sift) | |||
sighting (sight) (e.g. whale_sighting_rate) | sighting (sight) (e.g. whale_sighting_rate) | ||
signaling (signal) | |||
silencing (silence) | |||
silicification (silicify) | |||
silting ("silt up") (e.g. reservoir_silting_rate) | silting ("silt up") (e.g. reservoir_silting_rate) | ||
simulation (simulate) (but simulation is also a noun) | simulation (simulate) (but simulation is also a noun) | ||
sinking (sink) (e.g. sinking_rate, sinking_deltas ??) | |||
sintering (sinter) | |||
siphoning (siphon) | siphoning (siphon) | ||
siping (sipe) (of automobile tires) | |||
skating (skate) #### | |||
skeletonization (skeletonize) | |||
skidding (skid) | |||
skimming (skim) | |||
sliding (slide) (e.g. land_ice_basal_sliding_rate) | sliding (slide) (e.g. land_ice_basal_sliding_rate) | ||
slippage (slip) (e.g. splippage_speed) | |||
slipping (slip) | |||
sluicing (sluice) | |||
slumping (slump) | |||
smelting (smelt) (e.g. in metallurgy) | |||
smoking (smoke) (e.g. smoking meat) | |||
smoothing (smooth) (see "roughening") | smoothing (smooth) (see "roughening") | ||
snowfall (snowfall, "snowfalling") | snowfall (snowfall, "snowfalling") | ||
softening (soften) | softening (soften) | ||
solidification (solidify) | |||
solifluction (but solifluct is not a verb? [soli=soil, fluct=flow] same as creep?) | solifluction (but solifluct is not a verb? [soli=soil, fluct=flow] same as creep?) | ||
solstice (solstice, solsticing) (e.g. solstice_time; as something the earth is doing) | |||
solutioning (cave formation process) | solutioning (cave formation process) | ||
sonication (sonicate) | |||
sorption (see absorption, adsorption) | sorption (see absorption, adsorption) | ||
sorting (sort) (e.g. sediment sorting in a stream) | sorting (sort) (e.g. sediment sorting in a stream) | ||
sounding (sound) (e.g. sounding_depth, sonar signals, also "ping_rate") | sounding (sound) (e.g. sounding_depth, sonar signals, also "ping_rate") | ||
sourcing (source) | |||
sowing (sow) | |||
spallation (spall) | |||
spanning (span) (e.g. minimal spanning tree) | |||
sparging (sparge) (e.g. a chemistry process, also in beer making) | |||
sparing (spare) (e.g. of glycogen or protein or steroids) | sparing (spare) (e.g. of glycogen or protein or steroids) | ||
spawning (spawn) | spawning (spawn) | ||
speciation (speciate) | speciation (speciate) | ||
spin ( | spillover (spillover) | ||
spinning (spin) | |||
splaying (splay) (e.g. crevasse splay of a levee) | |||
splintering (splinter) (e.g. of ice in the atmosphere) | |||
splinting (splint) | |||
splitting (split) (e.g. cell division) | splitting (split) (e.g. cell division) | ||
spreading (spread) (sea_floor_spreading_rate, mid_ocean_ridge_spreading_rate) | spreading (spread) (sea_floor_spreading_rate, mid_ocean_ridge_spreading_rate) | ||
sprouting (sprout) | |||
sputtering (sputter) | |||
stabilization (stabilize) | stabilization (stabilize) | ||
stacking (stack) (e.g stacking_height) | |||
staggering (stagger) (e.g. of model grids) | staggering (stagger) (e.g. of model grids) | ||
staging (stage) (e.g. staging_period) | staging (stage) (e.g. of rockets, e.g. staging_period) | ||
stagnation (stagnate) (e.g. | stagnation (stagnate) (e.g. stagnation_pressure and stagnation point in fluid dynamics) | ||
staining (stain) (e.g. in medical studies) | |||
stalling (stall) (as in aerodynamics) | stalling (stall) (as in aerodynamics) | ||
standing (stand) (e.g. standing wave) | |||
starting (start) (e.g. starting_date; see stopping) | starting (start) (e.g. starting_date; see stopping) | ||
starvation (starve, starving) | |||
stasis (stasis) ("suspended animation", only in fiction ??) | stasis (stasis) ("suspended animation", only in fiction ??) | ||
steering (steer) (e.g. topographic steering) | steering (steer) (e.g. topographic steering) | ||
stemflow (stemflow) | |||
stepping (step) (e.g. time_stepping) | stepping (step) (e.g. time_stepping) | ||
sterilization (sterilize) | |||
stifling (stifle) | |||
stimulation (stimulate) | stimulation (stimulate) | ||
stirring (stir) | |||
stitching (stitch) | |||
stocking (stock) | stocking (stock) | ||
stoking (stoke) | |||
stoppage (stop) | |||
stopping (stop) (see starting) | stopping (stop) (see starting) | ||
storage (store) | storage (store) | ||
stitching (stitch) | |||
strafing (strafe) | |||
straightening (straighten) | |||
straining (strain) (e.g. applied loads) | straining (strain) (e.g. applied loads) | ||
stratification (stratify) | |||
strengthening (strengthen) | |||
stressing (stress) (as in ecosystem stress; stress is also a quantity) | stressing (stress) (as in ecosystem stress; stress is also a quantity) | ||
stretching (stretch) (a type of molecular vibration) | stretching (stretch) (a type of molecular vibration and vortex stretching) | ||
striking (strike) (e.g. striking_distance) | striking (strike) (e.g. striking_distance) | ||
strobing (strobe) | |||
subduction (subduct) | subduction (subduct) | ||
subitizing (subitize) | |||
sublimation (sublimate) | sublimation (sublimate) | ||
submersion (submerge, submerse) | submersion (submerge, submerse) | ||
submission (submit) | submission (submit) | ||
subsampling (subsample) | |||
subsidence (subside) | subsidence (subside) | ||
subtraction (subtract) | subtraction (subtract) | ||
subvocalization (subvocalize) | |||
success (succeed, succeeding) (see failure) | success (succeed, succeeding) (see failure) | ||
succession (succeed) (e.g. ecological succession) | |||
suckering (sucker) | suckering (sucker) | ||
suction (suck, sucking) | suction (suck, sucking) | ||
Line 881: | Line 1,573: | ||
sunset (sunset, "sun setting") | sunset (sunset, "sun setting") | ||
sunshine (sunshine, sunshining) (e.g. sunshine_duration) | sunshine (sunshine, sunshining) (e.g. sunshine_duration) | ||
superconduction (superconduct) | |||
supercooling (supercool) | supercooling (supercool) | ||
superheating (superheat) | superheating (superheat) | ||
superposition (superpose) (and superimposition, superimpose) | superposition (superpose) (and superimposition, superimpose) | ||
supersaturation (supersaturate) | |||
supply (supply, supplying) | |||
supporting (support) | |||
suppression (suppress) (e.g. fire_suppression_rate) | suppression (suppress) (e.g. fire_suppression_rate) | ||
surfacing (surface) | surfacing (surface) | ||
surge (surge, surging) (e.g. | surge (surge, surging) (e.g. surge_height of a storm surge) | ||
### surgery (see operation) | |||
surrounding (surround) | |||
surveying (survey) | surveying (survey) | ||
survival (survive) (e.g. infant_survival_rate) | survival (survive) (e.g. infant_survival_rate) | ||
suspension (suspend) | suspension (suspend) | ||
suturing (suture) | |||
swabbing (swab) (e.g. in wells) | |||
swaying (sway) (e.g. of a boat) | |||
sweeping (sweep) | |||
sweetening (sweeten) | |||
swell (swell, swelling) (e.g. swell_wave) | swell (swell, swelling) (e.g. swell_wave) | ||
swimming (swim) | swimming (swim) | ||
switching (switch) (e.g. switching_time) | switching (switch) (e.g. switching_time) | ||
symbiosis (verb form ??) | |||
synchronization (synchronize) | synchronization (synchronize) | ||
synnecrosis (verb form ??) (similar to symbiosis, but detrimental to both organisms) | |||
synthesis (synthesize) | |||
syzygy ###### (alignment of 3 celestial bodies in a line) | |||
<br/> | <br/> | ||
Line 901: | Line 1,608: | ||
tabulation (tabulate) | tabulation (tabulate) | ||
tacking (tack) (e.g. of sailboats) | |||
tagging (tag) (e.g. genetic tagging) | tagging (tag) (e.g. genetic tagging) | ||
tailspin (tailspin, tailspinning) | |||
taking (take) | |||
takeoff (takeoff) (e.g. takeoff_distance or takeoff_speed of an airplane, from "taking off") | |||
takeover (take, from "taking over") | |||
tampering (tamper) | |||
tamping (tamp) | |||
tapering (taper) | tapering (taper) | ||
tapping (tap) | |||
targeting (target) | |||
teardown (teardown, from tearing down) (taking something apart, like a gun) | |||
teleconnection (teleconnect) | |||
telecoupling (telecouple) | |||
teleportation (teleport) | |||
tempering (temper) (e.g. steel_tempering) | tempering (temper) (e.g. steel_tempering) | ||
tension (tense, tensing) (e.g. surface_tension) | tension (tense, tensing) (e.g. surface_tension) | ||
termination (terminate) | |||
terraforming (terraform) | terraforming (terraform) | ||
testing (test) | testing (test) | ||
thaw (thaw, thawing) (e.g. permafrost_thaw_rate, soil_thaw_depth) | thaw (thaw, thawing) (e.g. permafrost_thaw_rate, soil_thaw_depth) | ||
thermoregulation (thermoregulate) | |||
thermosetting (thermoset) | |||
thickening (thicken) | thickening (thicken) | ||
thinning (thin) (e.g. shear thinning fluid) | thinning (thin) (e.g. shear thinning fluid, thinning a forest) | ||
thrombosis (verb form ??) | |||
throttling (throttle) (e.g. Joule-Thomson throttling process in gas dynamics) | throttling (throttle) (e.g. Joule-Thomson throttling process in gas dynamics) | ||
throughfall (throughfall, "throughfalling") | throughfall (throughfall, "throughfalling") | ||
throughflow (throughflow) (see baseflow, interflow) | |||
thrust (thrust, thrusting) (drag, lift) | thrust (thrust, thrusting) (drag, lift) | ||
tillage (till) | |||
tilling (till) | |||
tilt (tilt, tilting) (e.g. earth_axis_tilt_angle) | tilt (tilt, tilting) (e.g. earth_axis_tilt_angle) | ||
tipping (tip) | tipping (tip) | ||
titration (titrate) | titration (titrate) | ||
torquing (torque) | |||
toughening (toughen) (process to create tempered glass, e.g. safety glass) | |||
tracking (track) (e.g. particle tracking, storm tracking) | |||
traction ############# | traction ############# | ||
tradeoff (tradeoff) (i.e. trading off) | |||
trailing (trail) | |||
training (train) | |||
transaction (transact) | |||
transcription (transcribe) (e.g. in genetics) | transcription (transcribe) (e.g. in genetics) | ||
transduction (transduct) (e.g. in genetics) | |||
transfection (transfect) (e.g. in genetics) | |||
transfer (transfer, transferring?) (e.g. gene transfer) | transfer (transfer, transferring?) (e.g. gene transfer) | ||
transformation (transform) | transformation (transform) | ||
transfusion (transfuse) | |||
transgression (transgress) (e.g. marine transgression; see regression) | transgression (transgress) (e.g. marine transgression; see regression) | ||
transit (transit) (e.g. a transit of venus in astronomy; transit_duration) | transit (transit) (e.g. a transit of venus in astronomy; transit_duration) | ||
transition (transit) (e.g. phase transition, atomic electron transition, glass transition temperature) | transition (transit) (e.g. phase transition, atomic electron transition, glass transition temperature) | ||
translation (translate) | translation (translate) (e.g. in biology) | ||
transmission (transmit) | transmission (transmit) | ||
transmutation (transmute) (e.g. of species) | transmutation (transmute) (e.g. of species) | ||
transpiration (transpire) | transpiration (transpire) | ||
transplantation (transplant, transplanting) (e.g. organ transplantation) | |||
transport (transport, transportation) | transport (transport, transportation) | ||
transudation (transude) | transudation (transude) | ||
Line 933: | Line 1,670: | ||
traversal (traverse) ?? | traversal (traverse) ?? | ||
treatment (treat) (e.g. sewage_treatment) | treatment (treat) (e.g. sewage_treatment) | ||
treefall (treefall) | |||
treethrow (treethrow, treethrowing?) | treethrow (treethrow, treethrowing?) | ||
trending (trend) | trending (trend) | ||
triage #### from French | |||
trial (try, trying) (e.g. trial_period) | |||
triangulation (triangulate) | triangulation (triangulate) | ||
triggering (trigger) | triggering (trigger) | ||
tunneling (tunnel) (e.g. digging a tunnel or quantum tunneling) | trilateration (trilaterate) | ||
turning (turn) (e.g. turning_radius) | tripping (trip) (as in trip wire) | ||
turnover (turnover) (e.g. cell replacement) | trituration (triturate) | ||
twisting (twist) (a type of molecular vibration) | trophobiosis (verb form?) | ||
tuning (tune) | |||
tunneling (tunnel) (e.g. digging a tunnel or quantum tunneling, e.g. tunneling_current) | |||
turning (turn) (e.g. turning_number, turning_radius) | |||
turnout (turnout) (e.g. of voters) | |||
turnover (turnover) (e.g. cell replacement, e.g. turnover_rate, turnover_ratio, turnover_time) | |||
twirling (twirl) (e.g. baton, dervish, DNA, spaghetti) | |||
twisting (twist) (a type of molecular vibration, e.g. twisting_number) | |||
twitching (twitch) (e.g. muscle twitching, fast/slow twitch) | |||
typing (type) (e.g. to determine the type, as in phage typing) | |||
<br/> | <br/> | ||
Line 947: | Line 1,696: | ||
== {{ Bar Heading| text=U}} == | == {{ Bar Heading| text=U}} == | ||
underdrag (underdrag, underdragging) | |||
undershoot (undershoot, undershooting) | |||
undertow (undertow, undertowing) | undertow (undertow, undertowing) | ||
undulation (undulate) | |||
union (unite, uniting) (contrast with intersection) | |||
unravelling (unravel) | unravelling (unravel) | ||
unzipping (unzip) (e.g. DNA) | |||
updraft (updraft, updrafting) (see downdraft) | updraft (updraft, updrafting) (see downdraft) | ||
upheaval (upheave) | |||
uplift (uplift, uplifting) (bedrock_uplift_rate) | uplift (uplift, uplifting) (bedrock_uplift_rate) | ||
upscaling (upscale) | upscaling (upscale) | ||
uptake (uptake, uptaking) | uptake (uptake, uptaking) | ||
upwelling (upwell) | upwelling (upwell) | ||
urbanization (urbanize) | |||
usage (use) (e.g. urban water usage) | usage (use) (e.g. urban water usage) | ||
utilization (utilize) | |||
<br/> | <br/> | ||
Line 961: | Line 1,718: | ||
== {{ Bar Heading| text=V}} == | == {{ Bar Heading| text=V}} == | ||
vaporization (vaporize) | vaccination (vaccinate) | ||
validation (validate) | |||
vaporization (vaporize, vaporizing) | |||
variation (vary) (e.g. variation coefficient) | |||
variolation (variolate) (e.g. smallpox variolation) | |||
varying (vary) | varying (vary) | ||
vasoconstriction (vasoconstrict) | |||
vasodilation (vasodilate) | |||
vellication (vellicate) | |||
ventilation (ventilate) | ventilation (ventilate) | ||
verification (verify) | |||
vibration (vibrate) | vibration (vibrate) | ||
viewing (view) | viewing (view) (e.g. viewing_angle) | ||
violation (violate) | |||
vitrification (vitrify) | |||
vocalization (vocalize) | |||
volatilization (volatilize) | volatilization (volatilize) | ||
volition (???) (e.g. in psychology) | |||
vortexing (vortex) | |||
vulcanization (vulcanize) (using sulfur to strengthen rubber) | |||
<br/> | <br/> | ||
Line 974: | Line 1,745: | ||
wagging (wag) (e.g. a type of molecular vibration) | wagging (wag) (e.g. a type of molecular vibration) | ||
warming (warm) (e.g. | waiting (wait) (e.g. waiting_period) | ||
warning (warn) | warming (warm) (e.g. global warming) | ||
warning (warn) (e.g. warning_period, warning_time for tornadoes) | |||
washing (wash) | |||
washoff (washoff) (e.g. of pollutants) | |||
wasting (waste) (e.g. mass wasting) | |||
watering (water) | watering (water) | ||
waterproofing (waterproof) | |||
weakening (weaken) | |||
weathering (weather) (e.g. chemical, frost, mechanical and physical) | weathering (weather) (e.g. chemical, frost, mechanical and physical) | ||
wedging (wedge) (e.g. | weaving (weave) | ||
wedging (wedge) (e.g. frost wedging, ice wedging) | |||
weighting (weight) | weighting (weight) | ||
wetting (wet) (e.g. | welding (weld) | ||
wicking (wick) | wetting (wet) (e.g. wetting front) | ||
whitening (whiten) (e.g. tooth whitening) | |||
wicking (wick) (e.g. wicking_time) | |||
wilting (wilt) (e.g. wilting_point_water_content) | wilting (wilt) (e.g. wilting_point_water_content) | ||
winding (wind) (e.g. winding_number) | |||
winnowing (winnow) | winnowing (winnow) | ||
wiping (wipe) (e.g. windshield_wiper__wiping_frequency) | |||
withdrawal (withdraw) (e.g. ground_water_withdrawal_rate) | withdrawal (withdraw) (e.g. ground_water_withdrawal_rate) | ||
withering (wither) (e.g. plant withering rate) | withering (wither) (e.g. plant withering rate) | ||
Line 992: | Line 1,774: | ||
== {{ Bar Heading| text=X}} == | == {{ Bar Heading| text=X}} == | ||
( | xenografting (xenograft) | ||
xenotransplantation (xenotransplant) | |||
<!-- ============================================= --> | <!-- ============================================= --> | ||
== {{ Bar Heading| text=Y}} == | == {{ Bar Heading| text=Y}} == | ||
yawing (yaw) | yawing (yaw) | ||
yielding (yield) | |||
<!-- ============================================= --> | <!-- ============================================= --> | ||
== {{ Bar Heading| text=Z}} == | == {{ Bar Heading| text=Z}} == | ||
( | zipping (zip) (e.g. DNA) | ||
zoning (zone) | |||
: | : | ||
: | : | ||
: | : |
Latest revision as of 20:47, 13 July 2015
CSDMS Standard Names — Process Names
- CSDMS Standard Names require an "object" part and a "quantity" part. Sometimes the quantity part contains a process name as a modifier to a base quantity, as in "snow_melt_rate", where the process is "melting". The process is an action that applies to the object in the object part of the name. This quantity name pattern is very common and we call it the Process_name + Quantity Pattern. Click the link for a long list of examples.
- Process names are typically nouns derived from verbs, usually ending with:
"tion" (absorption, convection, radiation), "sion" (conversion, dispersion, submersion), "ing" (melting, swimming, upwelling), "age" (drainage, seepage, storage), "y" (discovery, recovery, reentry), "ance" (acceptance, disturbance, maintenance), "ment" (alignment, improvement, recruitment), "al" (arrival, disposal, removal, retrieval) and "sis" (osmosis, metamorphosis, dialysis, paralysis).
- The "ing" ending is often dropped, as in:
birth, boil, burn, creep, flow, icefall, inflow, lapse, launch, melt, outflow, rainfall, rest, shear, snowfall, start, stop, throughfall and tilt.
- "Rainfall" is a somewhat unusual example in that the relevant object (rain) and the associated process (falling) have been fused to create the process name. Adding the object part in front would mean repeating the word rain. But "rain" is also a verb and "raining" is therefore a valid process name, but only for liquid water. The CSDMS Standard Names avoid this issue by using the process name "precipitation" instead of "rainfall" or "raining" and then specifying the object that is precipitating, such as "water" or perhaps "methane" for Titan. Since water can precipitate in liquid or solid form, each with a different density, precipitation rates are often quantified as "liquid water equivalent". The corresponding CSDMS standard name is: "atmosphere_water__liquid_equivalent_precipitation_rate", which generalizes to other substances (like methane on Titan). We similarly have "snowpack__liquid_equivalent_depth". See: Precipitation (chemistry) and Precipitation (meteorology).
- "Sunrise" and "sunset" have all of the same issues as "rainfall". Note that "sun" can be used as both a noun and a verb and "sunning" can therefore be a process name. "Rise" is short for "rising" and "set" is short for "setting". A "rising_time" and "setting_time" can be defined for any celestial body and for any observing point on Earth.
- Process names can almost always be paired with "_rate" in order to quantify how fast the process/action occurs, and this then creates a quantity name. The word "rate" usually indicates "per unit time". However, there may be other variable names associated with the process that do not contain the process name.
- Some process names may be naturally paired with an ending other than (or in addition to) "_rate", such as
dilution_ratio drainage_area escape_speed gestation_period identification_number inclination_angle penetration_depth relaxation_time striking_distance turning_radius vibration_frequency
- Cracking is one example of a process name that is used with a different meaning depending on the object, which therefore highlights the importance of the object part of CSDMS Standard Names. For example:
corn cracking ice cracking joke cracking molecule cracking (chemistry) nut cracking password cracking safe cracking whip cracking
- Note that "equinox" and "solstice" are included in this list of process names, even though we don't associate them with verbs and think of them as phenomena or events. The word "solstice" comes from the Latin for "sun standing" or "sun stoppage". The word "equinox" comes from the Latin for "equal night", since then day and night are about the same length. Note that most other astronomical events such as "eclipse", "conjunction" and "occultation" do have associated verbs (eclipse, conjoin, occult). Sunrise and sunset are discussed above. With this convention, "vernal_equinox_time" and "summer_solstice_time" conform to the Process_name + Quantity Pattern.
- Note that a "tion" ending creates a noun while a "tive" ending creates an advective. Common examples are:
conduction vs. conductive convection vs. convective radiation vs. radiative reproduction vs. reproductive
- Some words are created by combining two processes, with the first in adjective form, as in: "radiative_transfer" and "convective_transport".
- Note that "friction" is not included in this list of process names. It is really a force rather than a process and doesn't fit the verb-to-noun pattern. The adjective "frictional" is used in terms like "frictional_momentum_loss_rate" (related to shear_stress); i.e. the frictional force causes momentum loss. A Google search indicates that "friction_rate" is sometimes used in connection with air ducts. The word "traction" has similar issues.
- There are many process names that fit the "verb-to-noun" pattern but that aren't typically used in the sciences. Many examples can be found in economics, manufacturing and horticulture, for example. Several of these have been collected in a separate document: CSDMS_Standard_Name_Processes_Extra.txt.
- The alphabetical list of process names listed below continues to grow. It contained 1130 process names as of March 28, 2014. Each process name is followed by the associated verb, in parentheses.
A
abandonment (abandon) abatement (abate) aberration (aberate) ablation (ablate) abrasion (abrade) absorption (absorb) abstraction (abstract) (synonym for extraction of water) acceleration (accelerate, accelerating) acceptance (accept) acclimatization (acclimatize) (called "acclimation" in the UK) accommodation (accommodate) (e.g. accomodation_space, accommodation_depth) accretion (accrete) (in CF) accumulation (accumulate) (in CF) acidification (acidify) acquisition (acquire) action (act) activation (activate) (e.g. activation_energy) actuation (actuate) (e.g. actuation_rate) adaptation (adapt) addition (add) (see division, multiplication, subtraction) adhesion (adhere) adjustment (adjust) adoption (adopt) adsorption (adsorb) (see absorption, desorption, sorption) advection (advect) aeration (aerate) aerologation (aerologate) aging (age) aggradation (aggrade) (see "progradation") aggregation (aggregate) (e.g. diffusion-limited aggregation or DLA) airflow (airflow) aliasing (alias) (also "anti-aliasing) alignment (align) (e.g. of planets) alkylation (alkylate) alleviation (alleviate) allocation (allocate) (e.g. of surface water) allografting (allograft) allotment (allot) allotransplantation (allotransplant) alluviation (alluviate) alteration (alter) alternating (alternate) ammonification (ammonify) amortization (amortize) amplification (amplify) amputation (amputate) anagenesis (in geology) anchoring (anchor) aneurysm #### (e.g. tectonic type) animation (animate) (e.g. suspended animation) annealing (anneal) annexation (annex) annihilation (annihilate) (e.g. matter and antimatter) antibiosis (verb form ??) apoptosis #### application (apply) (e.g. sunscreen) approach (approach, approaching) appulse (appulse) (e.g. in astronomy) aridification (aridify) armoring (armor) (e.g. stream bed armoring) arresting (arrest) (e.g. arrested development) arrival (arrive) ascension (ascend) (e.g. in astronomy) ascent (ascend) (e.g. ascent_angle) aspiration (aspire) (medical term, e.g. pulmonary aspiration) assembling (assemble) assessment (assess) assimilation (assimilate) (e.g. protein assimilation rate) assistance (assist) atomization (atomize) attachment (attach, attaching) (see detachment) attack (attack, attacking) (e.g. in medical context, also attack angle of airfoil) attainment (attain) attenuation (attenuate) attraction (attract) (e.g. planets and atoms) augmentation (augment) austempering (austemper) (hardening process for metals) austenitization (austenitize) (heating process for metals) autocollimation (autocollimate) autoconversion (autoconvert) (in CF) autografting (autograft) autolysis (autolyze, autolyzing) (e.g. of bread dough or wine) autopsy ### avalanching (avalanche) (e.g. avalanching rate) averaging (average) aversion (avert) (e.g. risk_aversion) avoidance (avoid) (e.g. zone of avoidance in astronomy) avulsion (avulse)
B
backcrossing (backcross) (e.g. in genetics) backfire (backfire) backflow (backflow) backlash (backlash, backlashing) backscattering (backscatter) (preferred to: backwards_scattering ??) backspin (backspin, backspinning) balancing (balance) baling (bale) (process of making hay bales) ballasting (ballast) baseflow (baseflow) basification (basify) beaming (beam) bearing (bear) (e.g. load bearing capacity) belaying (belay) bending (bend) berthing (berth) bifurcation (bifurcate) bilateration (bilaterate) binding (bind) binning (bin) bioaccumulation (bioaccumulate) bioconcentration (bioconcentrate) biodegradation (biodegrade) (see degradation) biogenesis (biogenerate ?) bioluminescence (bioluminesce ??) (see fluorescence) biomagnification (biomagnify) biopoiesis (??) (also called abiogenesis) bioremediation (bioremediate) biosynthesis (biosynthesize) bioturbation (bioturbate ??) birth (birth, birthing) (more an event than a process?) bisection (bisect) blackout (blackout) (from "blacking out") blasting (blast) (e.g. abrasive blasting) bleaching (bleach) (e.g. coral bleaching) bleeding (bleed) (e.g. bleeding a brake line) blistering (blister) blockage (block) blocking (block) blossoming (blossom) blowing (blow) (e.g. blowing snow) blowoff (blowoff) (from blowing off, e.g. blowoff valve, also combustion physics) blowout (blowout) (from "blowing out"; e.g. of a car tire, oil well, etc.) boiling (boil) bombardment (bombard) (e.g. elementary particles, cratering) bonding (bond) boring (bore) (drilling) borrowing (borrow) bounce (bounce, bouncing) (e.g. bounce_angle) bracing (brace) braiding (braid) braking (brake) (e.g. braking_distance) branching (branch) (e.g. branching_ratio) breaching (breach) (e.g. breaching_height of a levee) breakdown (from breaking down) breaking (break) (e.g. breaking_point) breakover (breakover) (e.g. breakover angle of a vehicle) breakthrough (breakthrough) (from "breaking through") breakup (breakup) (e.g. drops and bubbles, ice breakup) breastfeeding (breastfeed) breathing (breathe) (there is a power law for breathing rate vs. body mass) breeding (breed) (e.g. breeding_time, breeding_duration) brewing (brew) bridging (bridge) brinelling (brinell) broadcasting (broadcast) bromination (brominate) brumation (brumate) (similar to hibernation, for reptiles) bubbling (bubble) (e.g. bubbling_pressure_head) buckling (buckle) (e.g. support columns) budding (bud) buffering (buffer) buffeting (buffet) (e.g. in aerodynamics) buildup (buildup) bulging (bulge) bundling (bundle) buoyancy (buoy, buoyance) (e.g. larvae_buoyancy_rate; see sinking) burial (bury, burying) burning (burn) burrowing (burrow) bursting (burst) bypass (bypass, bypassing)
C
cabbeling (cabbel) caching (cache) calcification (calcify) calibration (calibrate, calibrating) calving (calve) camouflaging (camouflage) canalization (canalize) cancellation (cancel) (e.g. noise cancellation) cannulation (cannulate) capping (cap) (e.g. capping a well; see white-capping waves) capturing (capture) carbonation (carbonate) carpooling (carpool) carrying (carry) (e.g. carrying capacity) carving (carve) (glaciers "carve" valleys) cascading (cascade) casting (cast) catagenesis catalysis (catalyze) catalyzing (catalyze) catching (catch) cauterization (cauterize) cavitation (cavitate) cementation (cement) cementing (cement) centering (center) centralization (centralize) centrifugation (centrifuge) centrifuging (centrifuge) cessation (cease) chafing (chafe) (a medical and nautical term) chambering (chamber) (in firearms and martial arts) channelization (channelize) charging (charge) (e.g. an electric vehicle) chelation (chelate) chemigation (chemigate) chemosynthesis (chemosynthesize) chewing (chew) chipping (chip) chirp (chirp, chirp) (e.g. chirp_frequency) chiseling (chisel) chlorination (chlorinate) choking (choke) churning (churn) circling (circle) circulation (circulate) circumnavigation (circumnavigate) cirrhosis (a disease of the liver) cladogenesis clamping (clamp) cleaning (clean) clearance (clear) (e.g. vehicle clearance, also in genetics) clearcutting (clearcut) clearing (clear) cleavage (cleave) climbing (climb) (e.g. aircraft climb_angle) clogging (clog) cloning (clone) closing (close) closure (close) (e.g. turbulence closure) clotting (clot) clumping (clump) clustering (cluster) coagulation (coagulate, coagulating) coalescence (coalesce) (droplets: coalescence_rate vs. rupturing_rate) coating (coat) (e.g. optical coating) coercion (coerce) coexistence (coexist) cognition (???) cohesion (cohere) coiling (coil) coincidence (coincide) collapse (collapse, collapsing) collection (collect) collimation (collimate) (e.g. of laser light) collision (collide) (e.g. atomic and subatomic particles) colonization (colonize) combination (combine, combining) combustion (combust) comminution (comminute) compactification (compactify) (e.g in string theory) compaction (compact) compensation (compensate) (e.g. Heisenberg compensator) competition (compete) (e.g. species) completion (complete) complexation (complexate) (chemistry) compounding (compound) compensation (compensate, compensating) (e.g. frequency_compensation in EE) compounding (compound) compression (compress) (e.g. compression_ratio) concealment (conceal, concealing) conception (conceive) conching (conch) (when making chocolate, with a "conche") concussion (concuss) condensation (condense) conditioning (condition) conduction (conduct) confining (confine) (e.g. confining_pressure) confinement (confine) (e.g. atoms, fusion) conflation (conflate) confusion (confuse) congelation (congeal ??) (in CF) (e.g. at the bed of a glacier) congestion (congest) conjugation (conjugate) (e.g. bacterial conjugation) conjunction (conjoin) (in astronomy) connection (connect) conservation (conserve) conserving (conserve) (e.g. mass-conserving system) consolidation (consolidate) (e.g. in soils; see compaction) constraining (constrain) consumption (consume) (e.g. fuel_consumption) contact (contact, contacting) (e.g. contact_area) containment (contain) (e.g. "containment field") contamination (contaminate) contraception (contracept) (from conceive/conception) contraction (contract) (see expansion) contributing (contribute, contribution) (e.g. total contributing area) control (control, controlling) contusion (contuse) convection (convect, convecting, convective) convergence (converge) conversion (convert) conveyance (convey) (diversion of water) convolution (convolute) convulsion (convulse) cooking (cook) cooling (cool) cooperation (cooperate) (animal behavior) coordination (coordinate) coping (cope) (e.g. coping mechanism) coppicing (coppice) copying (copy) (e.g. DNA and RNA; see replication) coring (core) (e.g. ice and sediment cores) cornering (corner) (e.g. of racecars) corrasion (corrade) correction (correct) (e.g. course correction, also an operation) correlation (correlate) (e.g. correlation_coefficient) corrosion (corrode, corroding) coupling (couple) courting (court, courtship) (animal behavior) coverage (cover) (e.g. coverage processes) covering (cover) cracking (crack) cranking (crank) crash (crash, crashing) cratering (crater) (see pitting, impact) creation (create) (e.g. job_creation, in economics) creep (creep, creeping) creepage (creep) (e.g. creepage length) cresting (crest) crevassing (crevasse) crimping (crimp) crossbreeding (crossbreed) crossing (cross) crosslinking (crosslink) crossover (crossover) (e.g. chromosomal crossover process) crushing (crush) cryoplanation (cryoplanate or cryoplane?) cryopreservation (cryopreserve) cryosuction (cryosuck ?) cryoturbation (cryoturbate) crystallization (crystallize) culling (cull) culmination (culminate) (e.g. culmination time) cultivation (cultivate) culturing (culture) curation (curation) cure (curing, e.g. disease cure rate) curettage (curette) curing (cure) (e.g. curing meat) curtailment (curtail) curving (curve, curvature) cushioning (cushion) cutting (cut) (e.g. cutting_angle) cutoff (cutoff) (e.g. cutoff_frequency) cycling (cycle) (e.g. carbon cycling)
D
damage (damage, damaging) damming (dam) (see impounding) dampening (dampen) damping (damp) darkening (darken) (e.g. hydrogen darkening of glass) dating (date) deactivation (deactivate) dealkalization (dealkalize) death (death, mortality) deburring (deburr) decantation (decant, decanting) (i.e. separation of mixtures) decay (decay, decaying) (e.g. decay_rate, exponential_decay) deceleration (decelerate) decentralization (decentralize) deception (deceive) decimation (decimate) decision (decide) declination (decline) decollimation (decollimate) decomposition (decompose) decompression (decompress) defenestration (defenestrate) defense (defend, defending) defertilisation (defertilise) defervescence (defervesce) defibrillation (defibrillate) deflation (deflate) (e.g. balloons, glaciers, geomorphology) deflection (deflect) defoliation (defoliate) deforestation (deforest) deformation (deform) (e.g. crustal deformation) deglaciation (deglaciate) degradation (degrade) (e.g. soil degradation; see biodegradation) dehalogenation (dehalogenate) dehydration (dehydrate) (see hydration, desiccation) deionization (deionize) (see ionization) delamination (delaminate) delay (delay, delaying) (e.g. delay_factor) deliberation (deliberate) delineation (delineate) delivery (deliver) (e.g. with drugs, or giving birth) demand (demand, demanding) demarcation (demarcate) demolition (demolish) denaturation (denature) (e.g. of proteins) denitrification (denitrify) (in CF) denoising (denoise) densification (densify) denudation (denude) departure (depart) dependence (depend) dephosphorylation (dephosphorylate) depletion (deplete) (e.g. of ground water, fossil fuel or oxygen/hypoxia) deployment (deploy) deposition (deposit) depression (depress) deprivation (deprive) deprotonation (deprotonate) derailment (derail) dereferencing (dereference) desalination (desalinate; also desalinize, desalinization) descension (descend, descending) descent (descend) (e.g. descent_angle) desertification (desertify) desorption (desorb) desiccation (desiccate) destruction (destruct or destroy) detachment (detach) (e.g. detachment_limited; see attachment) detection (detect) detention (detain) deterioration (deteriorate) deterrence (deter, deterring) detonation (detonate) detoxification (detoxify) detrainment (detrain) (in CF; see entrainment) development (develop) (or an organism) deviation (deviate) (e.g. deviation_angle from a set course; also standard deviation) dew (dew, dewing) (e.g. dew_point; "dewing" is OK but seldom used; see melt/melting) dewatering (dewater) diagenesis dialysis (dialyze) differentiation (differentiate) diffraction (diffract) (see refraction) diffusion (diffuse) digestion (digest) digging (dig) dilatation (dilatate) dilation (dilate) dilution (dilute) dimming (dim) (e.g. "global dimming") dipping (dip) direction (direct) disappearance (disappear) (e.g. of a species) disassembling (disassemble) discharge (discharge, discharging) (discharge_coefficient, discharge rate of a capacitor) disconnection (disconnect) discovery (discover) disentrainment (disentrain) (e.g. of sediment; see detrainment) disgregation (disgregate) (See: Disgregation.) disintegration (disintegrate) dislocation (dislocate) (e.g. dislocation_density, dislocation_length in materials science) dismantling (dismantle) dispersal (disperse) dispersion (disperse) displacement (displace) (also used as a quantity with units of length) disposal (dispose) disposing (dispose) disruption (disrupt) dissection (dissect) dissipation (dissipate) (in CF) dissociation (dissociate) (e.g. bond_dissociation_energy) dissolution (dissolve) distillation (distill) distortion (distort) distraction (distract) distribution (distribute) disturbance (disturb) (e.g. disturbance_frequency, fires) divergence (diverge) diversion (divert) (e.g. of flows) diving (dive) division (divide) (cell_division_rate) docking (dock) dodging (dodge) dolomitization (dolomotize) domination (dominate) donation (donate) (e.g. electron donation, organ donation) dosing (dose) doubling (double) downburst (downburst, downbursting) (e.g. microburst, macroburst) downcutting (downcut) downdraft (downdraft, downdrafting) (see updraft) downscaling (downscale) downforce (downforce, down forcing) (e.g. of spoilers, opposite of lift) downscaling (downscale) downturn (downturn, downturning) downwelling (but "downwell" is not a word) drafting (draft) (e.g. bicycle drafting, also swimming, trucks, etc.) drag (drag, dragging) (in aerodynamics; see lift, thrust) drainage (drain, draining) (e.g. acid mine drainage, drainage_area) drawdown (drawdown) (from "drawing down") dredging (dredge) drifting (drift) (e.g. snow_drifting, particle_drifting, car_drifting, drift_velocity) drilling (drill) (e.g. drill_rate) dripping (drip) (e.g. in irrigation) driving (drive) (e.g. driving_force; see forcing) drought ############# drowning (drown) (also for plants) drying (dry) ducting (duct) (e.g. tropospheric ducting) duplication (duplicate) (e.g. DNA, gene duplication) dying (die) (see death) dysregulation (dysregulate)
E
ebb (ebb, ebbing) (movement of tide back toward the sea) echoing (echo) eclipsing (eclipse) egress (egress) (e.g. signal egress, or leakage in cables; see ingress) ejection (eject) (e.g. coronal mass ejection) electrification (electrify) electrocution (electrocute) electrodeposition (electrodeposit) electroplating (electroplate) electrorefining (electrorefine) electrowinning (electrowin) elimination (eliminate) elongation (elongate) elution (elute) eluviation (eluviate) emanation (emanate) embalming (embalm) embarcation (embark) embedding (embed) embrittlement (embrittle) emergence (emerge) emigration (emigrate) emission (emit) (e.g. particle emission) emplacement (emplace) (e.g. pluton emplacement in geology) emulsification (emulsify) encapsulation (encapsulate) encasement (encase, encasing) (e.g. glass or resin encasement) encroachment (encroach) enforcement (enforce) engaging (engage) engraving (engrave) enrichment (enrich) (e.g of uranium) enrobing (enrobe) (the process of coating fillings, etc. with chocolate) ensilage (silage, silaging) (process of making silage) entanglement (entangle) (e.g. quantum entanglement) entrainment (entrain) entrance (enter) (e.g. entrance_speed) entry (enter) equalization (equalize) (e.g. equalization_pressure) equilibration (equilibrate) equinox (equinox, "equinoxing") (e.g. equinox_time; as something the earth is doing) eradication (eradicate) erosion (erode) eruption (erupt) (e.g. of volcanoes or teeth) escape (escape, escaping) (e.g earth_escape_speed) espionage (from spying) escalation (escalate) establishment (e.g. zone of flow establishment) esterification (esterificate) estimation (estimate) estivation (estivate) (similar to hibernation) etching (etch) ethylation (ethylate) eutrophication (eutrophicate) evacuation (evacuate) evaluation (evaluate) evaporation (evaporate) evapotranspiration (evapotranspirate) evasion (evade) evection (evect ??) (a regular perturbation of moon's orbital eccentricity due to the sun) evolution (evolve) examination (examine) excavation (excavate) exceedance (exceed) exchange (exchange, exchanging) (e.g. bulk_exchange_coefficient) excitation (excite) (see inhibition) exclusion (exclude) excretion (excrete) excursion (excurse) (e.g. brownian excursion process) exertion (exert) exfiltration (exfiltrate) (opposite of infiltrate) exfoliation (exfoliate) exhalation (exhale) exhaust (exhaust, exhausting) (e.g. from an automobile) exhaustion (exhaust) exhumation (exhume) (e.g. exhumation_rate in geology) existence (exist, existing) exit (exit, exiting) (e.g. rocket_nozzle_exit_speed) exodus expansion (expand) (see contraction) expiration (expire) exploitation (exploit) explosion (explode) (see implosion) exporting (export) ?? (see import) exposure (expose) (e.g. exposure_duration) expression (express) (e.g. in genetics) expulsion (expel) exsanguination (exsanguinate) (the process of blood loss) extension (extend) extermination (exterminate) exteroception (??) extinction (extinct) (extinct is also a verb, from "extinguish") extinguishment (extinguish) extraction (extract) (e.g. of water; see abstraction) extrapolation (extrapolate) extravasation (extravasate) (e.g. lava from a volcano) extrusion (extrude) exudation (exude)
F
fabrication (fabricate) fading (fade) faceting (facet) failure (fail, failing) falling (fall) fallout (fallout) fasciculation (fasciculate) fastening (fasten) fasting (fast) faulting (fault) (e.g. detachment_faulting, thrust_faulting) fecundation (fecundate) feedback (feedback, "feeding back") feeding (feed) fermentation (ferment) fertigation (fertigate) fertilization (fertilize, fertilizing) fibrillation (fibrillate) fibrosis filamentation (filament) (e.g. in bacterial growth) filling (fill) filtering (filter) filtration (filtrate) finding (find) (e.g. root finding) fingering (finger) (e.g. viscous fingering) fining (fine) (e.g. downstream fining of grain size) firing (fire) (neuron_firing_rate) fission (fission) (e.g. nuclear_fission, cell_fission; verb and noun) fixation (fixate) (in CF, e.g. nitrogen fixation) fixing (fix) flagellation (flagellate) flameholding (flamehold) (in combustion physics) flashback (flashback) (in combustion physics) flashing (flash) flattening (flatten) (e.g. ellipsoid flattening ratio) flavoring (flavor) flexure (flex) flickering (flicker) flight (fly, flying) (e.g. flight_duration) flipping (flip) floating (float) flocculation (flocculate) flood (flood, flooding) flotation (float) flow (flow, flowing) (e.g. sea_water_flow_speed) fluctuation (fluctuate) fluorescence (fluoresce) (see bioluminescence) fluorination (fluorinate) flushing (flush) flutter (flutter, fluttering) (see: Flutter.) flying (fly) (e.g. flying_time) focusing (focus) folding (fold) (e.g. protein_folding and in geology) following (follow) (e.g. terrain following coordinates) foraging (forage) (e.g. foraging_area, foraging_distance) forcing (force) forging (forge) formation (form) fortification (fortify) fouling (foul) fractionization (fractionize) fracturing (fracture) (e.g. hydraulic_fracturing or "hydrofracking") fragmentation (fragment) freezing (freeze) freshening (freshen) (of salt water) friction #### (doesn't satisfy our definition; both a force and a process?) fumigation (fumigate) fusion (fuse)
G
gaining (gain) galling (gall) (e.g. thread galling) gathering (gather) gating (gate) gelation (gelate) gelifluction (gelifluct ?) generation (generate, generating) genesis (generate ?) germination (germinate) (e.g. germination_period) glaciation (glaciate) (also used in cloud physics) glancing (glance) (e.g. glancing_angle) glide (glide, gliding) (e.g. glide_distance, glide_height, glide_ratio) globalization (globalize) glowing (glow) (see illumination, phosphorescence, fluorescence) governing (govern) (e.g. governing equations) grading (grade) (e.g. grading a road) grafting (graft) gravitation (gravitate) grazing (graze) (and overgrazing) gridding (grid) grinding (grind) grip (grip, gripping) grounding (ground) growing (grow) (e.g. growing_season) growth (grow) (e.g. population_mean_growth_rate) guidance (guide) (e.g. missile guidance system) guiding (guide) guttation (guttate) gyration (gyrate) (e.g. gyration_rate of a gyre)
H
habitation (inhabit, inhabiting) hadronization (hadronize) (forming hadrons out of quarks and gluons) halogenation (halogenate) hardening (harden) (see softening) harvest (harvest, harvesting) heating (heat) heaving (heave) (e.g. frost_heaving, e.g. a type of boat movement) herding (herd) hesitation (hesitate) heterosis (??) hibernation (hibernate) hiding (hiding) (e.g. hiding factor ??) hitting (hit) (e.g. hit_rate ??) hoarding (hoard) (e.g. animal behavior) hoisting (hoist) hop (hop, hopping) (e.g. hop_length) hovering (hover) humidification (humidify) hunting (hunt) hybridization (hybridize) hydration (hydrate) hydrogenation (hydrogenate) hydrolysis (hydrolyze) hydropeaking (hydropeak) hydroplaning (hydroplane) (also called aquaplaning) hyperpolarization (hyperpolarize)
I
icefall (icefall, "icefalling") (see rainfall, snowfall) icing (ice, like "ice up") icepush (icepush, "icepushing") ###### ???? (see ridging) identification (identify) idling (idle) ignition (ignite) illumination (illuminate) illuviation (illuviate) imbrication (imbricate) (in geology) immersion (immerse) immigration (immigrate) (see emigration) immobilization (immobilize) immunization (immunize) impact (impact, impaction) (e.g. crater_formation) impairment (impair) (e.g. of the environment or water supply) impedance (impede) impelling (impel) impinging (impinge) implantation (implant) implosion (implode) importing (import) ?? (see export) impounding (impound) (damming; Note: impoundment refers to the reservoir ??) impregnation (impregnate) improvement (improve) incarceration (incarcerate) inception (incept) incineration (incinerate) incision (incise) inclination (incline) inclusion (include) incorporation (incorporate) (i.e. making a part of) incubation (incubate) (e.g. incubation_period) incursion (incurse ??) indentation (indent) (e.g. indentation_hardness) independence (??) indication (indicate) induction (induce) (e.g. induction_period in chemical kinetics) inebriation (inebriate) infarction (infarct) (medical) infection (infect) infestation (infest) infilling (infill) (e.g. at the beds of glaciers) infiltration (infiltrate) inflammation (inflame) inflation (inflate) (e.g. cosmic_inflation, tire inflation) inflection (inflect) inflicting (inflict) inflow (inflow, inflowing) influence (influence, influencing) infusion (infuse) ingestion (ingest) ingress (ingress) (e.g. signal ingress, or leakage into cables; see egress) inhalation (inhale) inheritance (inherit) (in genetics) inhibition (inhibit) (see excitation) initialization (initialize) injection (inject) (injection_rate in a well) injuring (injure, injury) innervation (innervate) innovation (innovate) inoculation (inoculate) insertion (insert) insolation (insolate) (at ground; "solar irradiation constant" minus losses in atmosphere) inspection (inspect) installation (install) insulation (insulate) intake (intake, intaking) integration (integrate) intensification (intensify) interaction (interact) (e.g. wave_wave_ or wave_current_interaction ??) interbreeding (interbreed) intercalation (intercalate) (e.g. intercalated DNA) interception (intercept) interconnection (interconnect) interdependence (interdepend) interference (interfere) (e.g. waves) interflow (interflow) (see baseflow, through flow) interlocking (interlock) intermingling (intermingle) interoception (??) interruption (interrupt) intersection (intersect) interspersal (intersperse) interpolation (interpolate) intoxication (intoxicate) introgression (introgress) (e.g. in genetics, also introgressive hybridization) intrusion (intrude) (e.g. salt water intrusion) inundation (inundate) (e.g. flood plain inundation) invasion (invade) inversion (inverse) (e.g. atmospheric inversion, thermal inversion) invocation (invoke) iodination (iodinate) ionization (ionize) (e.g. ionization_speed) irradiation (irradiate) (see "insolation") irrigation (irrigate) irritation (irritate) isolation (isolate) iteration (iterate)
J
jacking (jack) (e.g. jacking up a car) jackknifing (jackknife) jamming (jam) (e.g. jamming a radio frequency) jaywalking (jaywalk) jetting (jet) (e.g. carburetor jetting) judder (judder, juddering) (mostly British; a TV image problem) juicing (juice) jumping (jump) juxtaposition (juxtapose)
K
kinking (kink) knocking (knock)
L
laceration (lacerate, lacerating) lag (lag, lagging) (e.g. lag_time) lamination (laminate) landfall (landfall) (e.g. hurricane_landfall_rate ??) landing (land) (e.g. airplane landing time) landsliding (landslide) lapse (lapse, lapsing) (e.g. lapse_rate of an atmospheric variable, usuaally temperature) lashing (lash) latching (latch) lateration (laterate) (also: "unilateration", "trilateration", "multilateration"; see "ranging") launching (launch) lautering (lauter) (in beer brewing) laying (lay) leaching (leach) (e.g. leaching into soil) lead (lead, leading) (e.g. lead_time for disaster warnings) leakage (leak, leaking) leaning (lean) lensing (lense) (e.g. gravitational lensing) leveling (level) levering (lever) levitation (levitate) (e.g. magnetic levitation) libration (librate) (See: Libration.) lifting (lift) (in aerodynamics; see drag, thrust) liftoff (liftoff) (of rockets, from "lifting off the ground") ligation (ligate) limiting (limit) lining (line) linkage (link) lipolysis liquefaction (liquefy or liquify) listing (list) (e.g. of a boat) lithification (lithificate) (in geology) litterfall (litterfall) (from plants) loading (load) (e.g. beam_loading) localization (localize) (e.g sound localization, or identifying the source of a sound) locking (lock) (e.g. tidal locking) locomotion (locomote) (e.g. aquatic_locomotion, animal self movement) logging (log) (i.e. tree cutting) lordosis loss (lose, losing) lowering (lower) lubrication (lubricate) luminescence (luminesce) (See: Luminescence for many kinds.)
M
maceration (macerate) macgyvering (macgyver) machining (machine) magnetization (magnetize) magnification (magnify) (e.g. magnification_factor) maintenance (maintain) management (manage) maneuvering (maneuver) manufacture (manufacture, manufacturing) mapping (map) marching (march) marking (mark) martempering (martemper) (heat treatment for steel) masking (mask) mastication (masticate) matching (match) mating (mate) (animal behavior) maturation (mature) maximization (maximize) meandering (meander) measurement (measure, measuring) mediation (mediate) (e.g. semantic_mediation) meeting (meet) meiosis (meiosis) (e.g. a type of cell division) melt (melt, melting) mending (mend) merging (merge) metabolizing (metabolize, metabolization?, metabolic?) (e.g. "basal metabolic rate", "resting metabolic rate") metagenesis metamorphosis (metamorphose, metamorphism) methylation (methylate) migration (migrate) (e.g. animals or river channels) milling (mill) mineralization (mineralize) minimization (minimize) mining (mine) missing (miss) mitigation (mitigate) mitosis (mitosis) mixing (mix) (e.g. prandtl_mixing_length) mobilization (mobilize) moderation (moderate) modification (modify) modulation (modulate) molding (mold) (e.g. injection molding) monitoring (monitor) mooring (moor) motion (move) (motion_rate = velocity) movement (move, moving) (e.g. mass movement) mowing (mow) (e.g. mowing_frequency and mowing_height) multilateration (multilaterate) (a navigation technique) multiplication (multiply) mutation (mutate)
N
navigation (navigate) nesting (nest) (e.g. a fine grid within a coarse grid) neurovitrification (neurovitrify) neutralization (neutralize) (e.g. an odor) nitrification (nitrify) (see denitrification) nourishment (nourish) (e.g. beach nourishment) nucleation (nucleate) nudging (nudge) (e.g., in climate models) nullification (nullify) nutation (nutate) (in astronomy; see precession)
O
obduction (obduct) (e.g. of one tectonic plate onto another) obliteration (obliterate) observation (observe) obstruction (obstruct) occlusion (occlude) (e.g. of a blood vessel) occultation (occult) (e.g. in astronomy) occurrence (occur) offense (offend, offending) onset (onset) oozing (ooze) opening (open) operating (operate, operation) (e.g. operating_presssure) operation (operate) (e.g. surgical procedure) opposing (oppose) opposition (oppose) (e.g. in astronomy) optimization (optimize) orienting (orient) origination (originate) oscillation (oscillate) osmosis (osmote, osmoting) outage (out) (e.g. power outage) outbreak (outbreak, outbreaking) (in context of disease) outburst (outburst) (e.g. glacial outburst, jokulhlaup) outcropping (outcrop) outcrossing (outcross) outflow (outflow, outflowing) outgassing (outgas) overexertion (overexert) overflow (overflow, overflowing) overgrazing (overgraze) overpopulation (overpopulate) overshoot (overshoot, overshooting) overturning (overturn) (in CF) ovulation (ovulate) oxidation (oxidize, oxidizing) (see reduction) oxychlorination (oxychlorinate) oxygenation (oxygenate)
P
packing (pack) (e.g. packing_factor) painting (paint) pairing (pair) panning (pan) panspermia (??) parachuting (parachute) paralysis (paralyze) parametrization (parametrize) pargeting (parget) participation (participate) partition (partition, partitioning) (e.g. partition_ratio is preferred by IUPAC to partition_coefficient) passing (pass) passivation (passivate) patching (patch) patination (patinate) paving (pave) payoff (pay) peaking (peak) (e.g. peaking_time ?) pedaling (pedal) penetration (penetrate) (e.g. penetration_depth, e.g. of light into water, etc.) percolation (percolate) percussion (percuss) perforation (perforate, perforating) perfusion (perfuse) peristalsis permineralization (permineralize) permutation (permute) peroxidation (peroxidate, peroxidize, peroxidizing) persistence (persist) (e.g. persistence_length, persistence_time; also of video images) perspiration (perspire) perturbation (perturb) (e.g. perturbation_parameter) petrification (petrify, petrifying) (e.g. petrification of wood) phosphorescence (phosphoresce) phosphorylation (phosphorylate) photolysis (photolyze) (also photodissociation, photodecomposition) photophosphorylation (photophosphorylate) photorespiration (photorespirate) photosynthesis (photosynthesize) picking (pick) piercing (pierce) pinching (pinch) pinging (ping) pinning (pin) piping (pipe) pitching (pitch) (e.g. vs. yaw) pitting (pit) pivoting (pivot) placement (place) planation (planate) planning (plan) planting (plant) plastering (plaster) plowing (plow) (e.g. plowing roads) plucking (pluck) (as in sediment on a streambed) plugging (plug) plunging (plunge) pointing (point) poisoning (poison) polarization (polarize) (e.g. polarization_angle) polishing (polish) (e.g. polishing roots with a root finder) pollination (pollinate) pollution (pollute) polymerization (polymerize) (in chemistry) ponding (pond) (e.g. infiltration ponding time or ponding depth) population (populate) (population_growth_rate, repopulation_rate ??) porpoising (porpoise) (a ground effect of some race cars) portage (port) positioning (position) (e.g. positioning systems) potentiation (potentiate) (e.g. long-term potentiation of nerve cells) pouring (pour) precession (precess) (e.g. precession of Mercury; see nutation) precipitation (precipitate) predation (predate or "prey upon") prediction (predict) preprocessing (preprocess) processing (process) predation (prey, preying) (e.g. predation_pressure) preparation (prepare) (e.g. preparation_time) preservation (preserve) (e.g. of food) preserving (preserve) (e.g. area preserving or angle preserving transformations) pressing (press) (e.g. pressing_ratio and pressure_ratio ??) pressurization (pressurize) prevailing (prevail) (e.g. wind prevailing direction) prevention (prevent) (e.g. accident prevention) priming (prime) (e.g. priming a pump, stove or engine) probing (probe) (e.g. probing_depth in dentistry) processing (process) procurement (procure) production (produce) progradation (prograde) (see "aggradation") projection (project) (e.g. map projection) proliferation (proliferate) (e.g. of dams or nuclear weapons) prolongation (prolong) promotion (promote) propagation (propagate) (e.g. waves, errors or disease) proprioception (??) propulsion (propel) protection (protect, protecting) protonation (protonate) provocation (provoke) pruning (prune) (e.g. in network extraction from DEMs) pulling (pull) pulmonation (pulmonate) pulsation (pulsate, pulsating) (e.g. heart_pulsation_rate vs. pulse_rate) pulverizing (pulverize) pumping (pump) (think about heart_rate vs. heart_pumping_rate, etc.) puncturing (puncture) purification (purify) pushing (push) putrefaction (putrefy) pyritization (pyritize)
Q
quarantine (quarantine, quarantining) quenching (quench) (rapid cooling; quenching_distance in combustion) quilting (quilt) (a modeling term)
R
race (race, racing) (e.g. race_time) radiation (radiate) radiolocating (radiolocate) (also radiolocation) rafting (raft) (e.g. ice rafting; sediment transported on or in ice) rainfall (rainfall, "rainfalling") (then rainfall_rate is preferred to rain_rate) raining (rain) raise (raising) ramping (ramp) rancidification (rancidify) ranging (range) (also in combinations like "free_ranging" & laser_ranging; see "alteration") ranking (rank) rarefaction (rarefy) (opposite of compression) ratcheting (ratchet) rating (rate) (e.g. rating_coefficient) reaction (react) (e.g. reaction_time) readjustment (readjust) reaping (reap) reaeration (reaerate) (e.g. reaeration_coefficient) reassessment (reassess) reattachment (reattach) (e.g. in fluid dynamics of separated flows) rebound (rebound, rebounding?) (e.g. rebound_angle, isostatic rebound) reception (receive, receiving) recession (recede) recharge (recharge, recharging) (see discharge) reciprocating (reciprocate) (e.g. reciprocating motion) recirculation (recirculate) reckoning (reckon) (e.g. dead reckoning) reclamation (reclaim) (e.g. water reclamation) recognition (recognize) (e.g. pattern recognition) recombination (recombine) (e.g. in genetics) reconciliation (reconcile) reconditioning (recondition) (e.g. surface reconditioning) reconnection (reconnect) (e.g. magnetic reconnection) reconstruction (reconstruct) recovery (recover) recruitment (recruit) rectifying (rectify) recurrence (recur) recursion (recurse) recycling (recycle) (e.g. nutrient recycling) redirection (redirect) redistribution (redistribute) (e.g. of water in soil or of snow by wind) reduction (reduce) reducing (reduce, e.g. chemistry: reducing atmosphere) reading (read) (e.g. reading input files) reeling (reel) reentry (reenter, e.g. rentry_speed) refinement (refine) (e.g. grid refinement) refining (refine) reflection (reflect) (e.g. sonar signals) reflux refraction (refract) (see "diffraction") refreshing (refresh) (e.g. refresh_rate for monitors, aquariums?, refreshment) refrigeration (refrigerate) refueling (refuel) refurbishing (refurbish) regelation (regelate?) (e.g. at the beds of glaciers) regeneration (regenerate) (e.g. ability to regenerate limbs) registration (register) (e.g. registration of two grids) regression (regress) (see "transgression") regridding (regrid) regulation (regulate) regurgitation (regurgitate) rehabilitation (rehabilitate) reinforcement (reinforce) (e.g. positive and negative; or in construction) reintroduction (reintroduce) (e.g. a species) rejection (reject) relaxation (relax) (e.g. relaxation_time; used in CF) relay (relay, relaying) releasing (release) relief (relieve) relocation (relocate) remediation (remediate) (e.g. environmental remediation) remineralization (remineralize) remission (remit, remitting) removal (remove) rendition (render, rendering) renewal (renew) repair (repair, repairing) repelling (repel) repercussion (repercuss) replacement (replace) replenishment (replenish) (e.g. beach replenishment; see nourishment) replication (replicate) (e.g. DNA, virus; self_replication) repopulation (repopulate) repose (repose, resposing) (e.g. repose_angle) reproduction (reproduce; see production) reprogramming (reprogram) (e.g. in genetics) repulsion (repulse, repulsing) (see: repelling) requesting (request) rescaling (rescale) (see upscaling, downscaling) rescue (rescue, rescuing) reset (reset, resetting) residence (reside) (residence_time) resilience (resilient, but not a verb #########) resistance (resist) (resistance is also used as a quantity) resisting (resist) (e.g. resisting_force) resolving (resolve, resolution) (e.g. resolving power) resonance (resonate) respiration (respirate) response (respond, responding) rest (rest, resting) (e.g. rest_mass and rest_energy) restitution (restitute) restoration (restore) (in CF) restoring (restore) (e.g. restoring_force) restraining (restrain) (e.g. restraining force) resurfacing (resurface) (e.g. medical procedure) resuscitation (resuscitate) (e.g. CPR) resuspension (resuspend) retarding (retard, retardation) retention (retain) (e.g. retention pond and water retention in soil) retooling (retool) retraction (retract) (e.g. of an arm) retreat (retreat, retreating) (e.g. glacier__retreat_rate) retrieval (retrieve) retrofit (retrofit, retrofitting) retrogradation (retrograde) (see aggradation, progradation) return (return, returning) (e.g. return flow, return period) reuse (reuse, reusing) revegetation (revegetate) reverberation (reverberate) reversal (reverse) (e.g. magnetic pole reversal) reverse_engineering (reverse_engineer) reversion (revert) revolution (revolve) reworking (rework) ricocheting (ricochet) ridging (ridge) (used in ice dynamics) riding (ride) rifting (rift) (used in geodynamics) righting (right) (e.g. righting a ship) riming (rime) (in CF) (e.g. of ice in the atmosphere) rinsing (rinse) rip (rip, ripping) (e.g. rip current) ripening (ripen) (e.g. snow, fruit, concrete or clay) rising (rise) (e.g. rising_time, rising limb, sea level rise; see sunrise and raise) risk (risk, risking) (e.g. risk_factor) rockfall (from falling rock) rocking (rock) (a type of molecular vibration) rollback (e.g. in geodynamics) rolling (roll) (see pitching, sliding, slipping, yawing) rotation (rotate) (e.g. crop rotation) roughnening (roughen) routing (route) (e.g. flow_routing, bank_routing_number) rubbing (rub) running (run) (e.g. running_time or run_time) runoff (runoff, "running off") runup (runup, "running up", waves coming onshore, uprush?) rupturing (rupture)
S
saccharification (saccharificate) sailing (sail) saltation (saltate) ("hopping" of sediment grains; also used in biology) sampling (sample) sanding (sand) sanitation (sanitate) sanitization (sanitize) sapping (sap) (e.g. groundwater sapping) saturation (saturate) saving (save) scaling (scale) (e.g. changing scale, scaling a wall or scaling a fish, e.g. scale_factor) scanning (scan) scarring (scar) scattering (scatter) scavenging (scavenge) scintillation (scintillate) scouring (scour) scratch (scratch, scratching) (e.g. scratch_hardness) screening (screen) (e.g. debye_huckel_screening_length) sealing (seal) (e.g. induction sealing, sealing wax) searching (search) (e.g. search_radius) seating (seat) (e.g. seating capacity) seclusion (seclude) secretion (secrete) sectioning (section) securing (secure) sedimentation (sediment) (in CF) seeding (seed) (e.g. cloud seeding) seeking (seek) (e.g. heat_seeking_missile) seepage (seep, seeping) segregation (segregate) (e.g. ice segregation in arctic hydrology) seizure (seize) selection (select) (e.g. natural selection) sensing (sense) (e.g. remote_sensing) separation (separate) (e.g. flow separation or saucer section separation) sequencing (sequence) (e.g. DNA or genome sequencing) sequestration (sequester) serotyping (serotype) setting (set) (e.g. setting_time of the sun or concrete) settling (settle) (e.g. stokes_settling_velocity) sewing (sew) shading (shade) shadowing (shadow) shaking (shake) (e.g. shaking_amplitude for earthquakes) shaping (shape) (e.g. shaping time) sharing (share) shattering (shatter) (e.g. frost and salt) shear (shear, shearing) (e.g. shearing_stress (Batchelor, 1988), or just shear_stress) shedding (shed) (e.g. vortex shedding) shielding (shield) (e.g. for cables; see egress and ingress) shifting (shift) shoaling (shoal) shooting (shoot) (e.g. shooting methods) shortage (short) (short can be a verb) shredding (shred) shrinkage (shrink) shrinking (shrink) shunting (shunt) sideslip (sideslip, sideslipping) (e.g. sideslip_angle) sieving (sieve) sifting (sift) sighting (sight) (e.g. whale_sighting_rate) signaling (signal) silencing (silence) silicification (silicify) silting ("silt up") (e.g. reservoir_silting_rate) simulation (simulate) (but simulation is also a noun) sinking (sink) (e.g. sinking_rate, sinking_deltas ??) sintering (sinter) siphoning (siphon) siping (sipe) (of automobile tires) skating (skate) #### skeletonization (skeletonize) skidding (skid) skimming (skim) sliding (slide) (e.g. land_ice_basal_sliding_rate) slippage (slip) (e.g. splippage_speed) slipping (slip) sluicing (sluice) slumping (slump) smelting (smelt) (e.g. in metallurgy) smoking (smoke) (e.g. smoking meat) smoothing (smooth) (see "roughening") snowfall (snowfall, "snowfalling") softening (soften) solidification (solidify) solifluction (but solifluct is not a verb? [soli=soil, fluct=flow] same as creep?) solstice (solstice, solsticing) (e.g. solstice_time; as something the earth is doing) solutioning (cave formation process) sonication (sonicate) sorption (see absorption, adsorption) sorting (sort) (e.g. sediment sorting in a stream) sounding (sound) (e.g. sounding_depth, sonar signals, also "ping_rate") sourcing (source) sowing (sow) spallation (spall) spanning (span) (e.g. minimal spanning tree) sparging (sparge) (e.g. a chemistry process, also in beer making) sparing (spare) (e.g. of glycogen or protein or steroids) spawning (spawn) speciation (speciate) spillover (spillover) spinning (spin) splaying (splay) (e.g. crevasse splay of a levee) splintering (splinter) (e.g. of ice in the atmosphere) splinting (splint) splitting (split) (e.g. cell division) spreading (spread) (sea_floor_spreading_rate, mid_ocean_ridge_spreading_rate) sprouting (sprout) sputtering (sputter) stabilization (stabilize) stacking (stack) (e.g stacking_height) staggering (stagger) (e.g. of model grids) staging (stage) (e.g. of rockets, e.g. staging_period) stagnation (stagnate) (e.g. stagnation_pressure and stagnation point in fluid dynamics) staining (stain) (e.g. in medical studies) stalling (stall) (as in aerodynamics) standing (stand) (e.g. standing wave) starting (start) (e.g. starting_date; see stopping) starvation (starve, starving) stasis (stasis) ("suspended animation", only in fiction ??) steering (steer) (e.g. topographic steering) stemflow (stemflow) stepping (step) (e.g. time_stepping) sterilization (sterilize) stifling (stifle) stimulation (stimulate) stirring (stir) stitching (stitch) stocking (stock) stoking (stoke) stoppage (stop) stopping (stop) (see starting) storage (store) stitching (stitch) strafing (strafe) straightening (straighten) straining (strain) (e.g. applied loads) stratification (stratify) strengthening (strengthen) stressing (stress) (as in ecosystem stress; stress is also a quantity) stretching (stretch) (a type of molecular vibration and vortex stretching) striking (strike) (e.g. striking_distance) strobing (strobe) subduction (subduct) subitizing (subitize) sublimation (sublimate) submersion (submerge, submerse) submission (submit) subsampling (subsample) subsidence (subside) subtraction (subtract) subvocalization (subvocalize) success (succeed, succeeding) (see failure) succession (succeed) (e.g. ecological succession) suckering (sucker) suction (suck, sucking) suffusion (suffuse) (e.g. in sinkhole formation) sunrise (sunrise, "sun rising") sunset (sunset, "sun setting") sunshine (sunshine, sunshining) (e.g. sunshine_duration) superconduction (superconduct) supercooling (supercool) superheating (superheat) superposition (superpose) (and superimposition, superimpose) supersaturation (supersaturate) supply (supply, supplying) supporting (support) suppression (suppress) (e.g. fire_suppression_rate) surfacing (surface) surge (surge, surging) (e.g. surge_height of a storm surge) ### surgery (see operation) surrounding (surround) surveying (survey) survival (survive) (e.g. infant_survival_rate) suspension (suspend) suturing (suture) swabbing (swab) (e.g. in wells) swaying (sway) (e.g. of a boat) sweeping (sweep) sweetening (sweeten) swell (swell, swelling) (e.g. swell_wave) swimming (swim) switching (switch) (e.g. switching_time) symbiosis (verb form ??) synchronization (synchronize) synnecrosis (verb form ??) (similar to symbiosis, but detrimental to both organisms) synthesis (synthesize) syzygy ###### (alignment of 3 celestial bodies in a line)
T
tabulation (tabulate) tacking (tack) (e.g. of sailboats) tagging (tag) (e.g. genetic tagging) tailspin (tailspin, tailspinning) taking (take) takeoff (takeoff) (e.g. takeoff_distance or takeoff_speed of an airplane, from "taking off") takeover (take, from "taking over") tampering (tamper) tamping (tamp) tapering (taper) tapping (tap) targeting (target) teardown (teardown, from tearing down) (taking something apart, like a gun) teleconnection (teleconnect) telecoupling (telecouple) teleportation (teleport) tempering (temper) (e.g. steel_tempering) tension (tense, tensing) (e.g. surface_tension) termination (terminate) terraforming (terraform) testing (test) thaw (thaw, thawing) (e.g. permafrost_thaw_rate, soil_thaw_depth) thermoregulation (thermoregulate) thermosetting (thermoset) thickening (thicken) thinning (thin) (e.g. shear thinning fluid, thinning a forest) thrombosis (verb form ??) throttling (throttle) (e.g. Joule-Thomson throttling process in gas dynamics) throughfall (throughfall, "throughfalling") throughflow (throughflow) (see baseflow, interflow) thrust (thrust, thrusting) (drag, lift) tillage (till) tilling (till) tilt (tilt, tilting) (e.g. earth_axis_tilt_angle) tipping (tip) titration (titrate) torquing (torque) toughening (toughen) (process to create tempered glass, e.g. safety glass) tracking (track) (e.g. particle tracking, storm tracking) traction ############# tradeoff (tradeoff) (i.e. trading off) trailing (trail) training (train) transaction (transact) transcription (transcribe) (e.g. in genetics) transduction (transduct) (e.g. in genetics) transfection (transfect) (e.g. in genetics) transfer (transfer, transferring?) (e.g. gene transfer) transformation (transform) transfusion (transfuse) transgression (transgress) (e.g. marine transgression; see regression) transit (transit) (e.g. a transit of venus in astronomy; transit_duration) transition (transit) (e.g. phase transition, atomic electron transition, glass transition temperature) translation (translate) (e.g. in biology) transmission (transmit) transmutation (transmute) (e.g. of species) transpiration (transpire) transplantation (transplant, transplanting) (e.g. organ transplantation) transport (transport, transportation) transudation (transude) trapping (trap) (e.g. of atoms, sediment; e.g. trapping efficiency) traversal (traverse) ?? treatment (treat) (e.g. sewage_treatment) treefall (treefall) treethrow (treethrow, treethrowing?) trending (trend) triage #### from French trial (try, trying) (e.g. trial_period) triangulation (triangulate) triggering (trigger) trilateration (trilaterate) tripping (trip) (as in trip wire) trituration (triturate) trophobiosis (verb form?) tuning (tune) tunneling (tunnel) (e.g. digging a tunnel or quantum tunneling, e.g. tunneling_current) turning (turn) (e.g. turning_number, turning_radius) turnout (turnout) (e.g. of voters) turnover (turnover) (e.g. cell replacement, e.g. turnover_rate, turnover_ratio, turnover_time) twirling (twirl) (e.g. baton, dervish, DNA, spaghetti) twisting (twist) (a type of molecular vibration, e.g. twisting_number) twitching (twitch) (e.g. muscle twitching, fast/slow twitch) typing (type) (e.g. to determine the type, as in phage typing)
U
underdrag (underdrag, underdragging) undershoot (undershoot, undershooting) undertow (undertow, undertowing) undulation (undulate) union (unite, uniting) (contrast with intersection) unravelling (unravel) unzipping (unzip) (e.g. DNA) updraft (updraft, updrafting) (see downdraft) upheaval (upheave) uplift (uplift, uplifting) (bedrock_uplift_rate) upscaling (upscale) uptake (uptake, uptaking) upwelling (upwell) urbanization (urbanize) usage (use) (e.g. urban water usage) utilization (utilize)
V
vaccination (vaccinate) validation (validate) vaporization (vaporize, vaporizing) variation (vary) (e.g. variation coefficient) variolation (variolate) (e.g. smallpox variolation) varying (vary) vasoconstriction (vasoconstrict) vasodilation (vasodilate) vellication (vellicate) ventilation (ventilate) verification (verify) vibration (vibrate) viewing (view) (e.g. viewing_angle) violation (violate) vitrification (vitrify) vocalization (vocalize) volatilization (volatilize) volition (???) (e.g. in psychology) vortexing (vortex) vulcanization (vulcanize) (using sulfur to strengthen rubber)
W
wagging (wag) (e.g. a type of molecular vibration) waiting (wait) (e.g. waiting_period) warming (warm) (e.g. global warming) warning (warn) (e.g. warning_period, warning_time for tornadoes) washing (wash) washoff (washoff) (e.g. of pollutants) wasting (waste) (e.g. mass wasting) watering (water) waterproofing (waterproof) weakening (weaken) weathering (weather) (e.g. chemical, frost, mechanical and physical) weaving (weave) wedging (wedge) (e.g. frost wedging, ice wedging) weighting (weight) welding (weld) wetting (wet) (e.g. wetting front) whitening (whiten) (e.g. tooth whitening) wicking (wick) (e.g. wicking_time) wilting (wilt) (e.g. wilting_point_water_content) winding (wind) (e.g. winding_number) winnowing (winnow) wiping (wipe) (e.g. windshield_wiper__wiping_frequency) withdrawal (withdraw) (e.g. ground_water_withdrawal_rate) withering (wither) (e.g. plant withering rate) writing (write) (e.g. writing output files)
X
xenografting (xenograft) xenotransplantation (xenotransplant)
Y
yawing (yaw) yielding (yield)
Z
zipping (zip) (e.g. DNA) zoning (zone)