CSN Object Templates

  CSDMS Standard Names — Object Templates

Air

base_object = "_air"

e.g. air_density

    air emissivity
    air_pressure
    air_refraction_index
    air_temperature
    air_thermal_capacity
    air_water_vapor_pressure   ###### (or water_in_air_vapor_pressure ?)

e.g. earth_atmosphere_density

    earth_atmosphere_pressure
    earth_atmosphere_refraction_index
    earth_atmosphere_temperature
    earth_atmosphere_thermal_capacity

• This refers to the mixture of gases in Earth's atmosphere. As a simple term for a complex mixture, it is similar to terms like soil and even sea_water. In many cases it may be better (i.e. less ambiguous) to use earth_atmosphere instead of air. This generalizes to "mars_atmosphere" while "air" connotes Earth.

• By analogy, perhaps we should use earth_land_surface instead of just land_surface.

• Like water, air is generally contained within another object and

 can therefore be viewed as one of that object's parts.  (And we
 have a naming pattern for this.)  So we could have "scuba_tank_air"
 or "earth_atmosphere_air" (?).

• Air is also used to indicate a domain, as in traveling by land,

 sea or air.  This is also reflected in: Army, Navy, Air Force.

• See Atoms, Compounds, Ions and Molecules.

=========

Animals and Plants

=========

object = [ organism_name ]

e.g. alaskan_black_bear

    black_widow_spider
    mexican_free_tail_bat   (Carlsbad Caverns)
    small_mouth_bass
    spade_foot_toad

e.g. alaskan_black_bear_max_running_speed

    alaskan_black_bear_mean_adult_male_weight
    alaskan_black_bear_mean_brain_to_body_mass_ratio
    alaskan_black_bear_mean_digestion_period
    alaskan_black_bear_mean_gestation_period
    alaskan_black_bear_mean_hibernation_period
    alaskan_black_bear_mean_lifetime   (or "life_time"?  "living_period"?)
    alaskan_black_bear_mean_sleeping_period
    alaskan_black_bear_mean_territorial_area

• Standard vocabularies for many types of organisms already exist. For

 example, CSIRO has compiled a standard vocabulary of fish names.  See
 Yearsley et al. (2006).  Wikipedia also has a list of common fish names
 at:  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_common_fish_names
 Standardized names should be used whenever possible, with the source
 of the names provided in the associated metadata.  However, common names
 are not as specific as scientific (genus-species) names.  For the design
 goals of a "ligua franca", we could just select one source for each
 common or scientific name and indicate that source.

• Note that "mean" was inserted in each of the above examples. This word

 removes ambiguity (i.e., it indicates an average value for a population
 vs. the value for an individual) but perhaps it should be placed with
 the metadata.

• Note that "lifetime" is a compound word that ends in "time", which

 connotes units of time.  This can be viewed as another variation of the
 "process_name - attribute" pattern, where "life" indicates the process
 of "living" and we are interested in the duration of that process.
 We avoid "life_expectancy" here because "expectancy" is an ambiguous
 base quantity name, similar to expectation, better viewed as an operator.
 We are frequently interested in attributes of processes that act on a
 particular object as another type of attribute for the object.

• Note that our lingua franca is focused on "numerical attributes" that

 have units, called "quantities".  Animals have many other attributes, e.g.
 behaviors, food preferences, habitats, geographical distribution, etc.
 which are not quantities and are beyond the current scope.

• See the Ratios quantity pattern.

===========================

Atoms, Compounds, Ions and Molecules

===========================

object = [ element_name ] + [ "_atom" ] object = [ compound_name ] + [ "_compound" ] object = [ molecule_name ] + [ "_molecule"]

e.g. carbon_dioxide_acidity

    carbon_dioxide_boiling_point_temperature    (remove "point" ??)
    carbon_dioxide_density
    carbon_dioxide_dynamic_viscosity
    carbon_dioxide_kinematic_viscosity
    carbon_dioxide_in_air_partial_pressure    #####  2 substances, with "in"
    carbon_dioxide_in_water_solubility        #####  2 substances, with "in"
    carbon_dioxide_melting_point_temperature    (remove "point" ??)
    carbon_dioxide_molar_mass
    carbon_dioxide_refractive_index

    cesium_atomic_mass      (insert atom ??)
    cesium_atomic_weight
    cesium_atom_characteristic_vibration_frequency
    cesium_atom_neutron_number
    cesium_atom_proton_number

    dihydrogen_molecule_bond_length  (dihydrogen = H2)
    dioxygen_molecule_bond_length    (dioxygen = O2, dinitrogen = N2)
          ### Note: trioxygen is another name for ozone.

    water_molecule_actual_bond_angle
    water_molecule_bond_dissociation_energy
       (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bond-dissociation_energy)
    water_molecule_ideal_bond_angle  (or replace "ideal" by "VSEPR" ?)
    water_molecule_hydrogen_number  (??? number of hydrogen atoms)
    water_molecule_hydrogen_to_oxygen_bond_length
       OR water_molecule_hydrogen_to_oxygen_distance ?? (See Distance.)
       OR water_molecule_H_to_O_distance

• Insert the word "atom", "molecule", etc. whenever necessary to remove ambiguity

 between the substance and the atom (e.g. iron) or molecule (e.g. water).
 The absence of these extra words implies a "bulk" quantity.

• It seems that "compound" is the most general term for atoms held together

 by some type of chemical bond.  A "molecule" is a special type of compound
 that is (1) electrically neutral and (2) held together by covalent bonds.
 An "ion" is a (compound or molecule??) that carries a charge.

• For 3D (nonplanar) molecules, "torsion" (or "dihedral") angles can be

 specified.  See: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molecular_geometry.
 "bond length"   is defined for 1 bond (2 atoms, e.g. dihydrogen)
 "bond angle"    is defined for 2 consecutive bonds (3 atoms, e.g. water)
 "torsion angle" is defined for 3 consecutive bonds (4 atoms, e.g. ethane, C2H6)
 These are all defined as time averages.  Ethane seems to have three
 different torsion angles, which are all "H_to_C_to_C_to_H".

• If all angles are the same, we can have things like:

     - benzene_molecule_C_to_C_to_C_bond_angle
           OR benzene_ring_bond_angle ???
     - benzene_molecule_C_to_C_to_H_bond_angle  ??

• There is also something called a "ligand cone angle"; see:

     http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ligand_cone_angle
 and a "ligand [natural] bite angle":
     http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bite_angle

======================

Channels, Streams, Rivers, Etc.

======================

object = "channel"

e.g. channel_water_flow_speed

• The word "channel" seems preferable as a general term to words like

 "creek", "stream" and "river" because it doesn't have a size
 connotation. For example, there are textbooks on "open channel flow",
 we talk of "channelized flow" and then there is the English Channel.

• We could allow terms like "stream" and "river", but this will reduce

 the number of potential matches when coupling models.

====

Channel Parts

====

object = "channel_bed" object = "channel_cross_section" object = "channel_head" object = "channel_mouth" object = "channel_reach" object = "channel_water"

e.g. channel_bed_d50_roughness_length

    channel_bed_d84_roughness_length
    channel_bed_manning_roughness_parameter
    channel_bed_relative_roughness_ratio     (a dimensionless ratio)
    channel_bed_mean_roughness_length
    channel_bed_mean_shear_stress        ("shearing" may be better)
    channel_bed_water_hydrostatic_pressure
    channel_bed_water_pressure

    channel_cross_section_area
    channel_cross_section_depth_slope_product   ## (or channel_bed_depth_slope_product ??)
    channel_cross_section_hydraulic_radius
    channel_cross_section_max_depth
    channel_cross_section_perimeter
    channel_cross_section_top_width    (the top_width is usually the max)
    channel_cross_section_trapezoid_bank_angle
    channel_cross_section_trapezoid_bottom_width
    channel_cross_section_wetted_perimeter
    channel_cross_section_width_to_depth_ratio

    channel_head_elevation

    channel_mouth_d8_contributing_area
    channel_mouth_elevation
    channel_mouth_slope   ???

    channel_reach_absolute_sinuosity
    channel_reach_elevation_difference   (use difference as a quantity suffix ??)
    channel_reach_length
    channel_reach_meander_amplitude
    channel_reach_meander_period
    channel_reach_total_water_volume  (or channel_reach_water_total_volume ??)

    channel_water_density
    channel_water_discharge  (or channel_cross_section_water_discharge ??)
    channel_water_friction_factor   #####
    channel_water_froude_number
    channel_water_max_depth
    channel_water_mean_depth
    channel_water_mean_speed   (speed = "velocity magnitude"; don't need "flow_speed"?)
    channel_water_pressure     (anywhere in the channel; see channel_bed_water_pressure)
    channel_water_temperature

• Note that "channel_bank_angle" by itself is ambiguous; is it the angle

 the bank makes with the vertical z-axis or with a horizontal x-axis?

• A quantity like "bottom_width" or "bank_angle" may only be well-defined

 for cross-sections of a particular shape, like a trapezoid.  So we may
 want to insert the word "trapezoid" for these.  Similarly, we could have
 "channel_cross_section_half_circle_radius".

• We talk of "channel_networks", but the network is not part of the channel.

• See the object pattern for Watershed, Basins and Catchments.

=========================

Coastlines, Shorelines and Beaches

==============

Earth and Other Planets

==============

object = "earth" object = "earth_ellipsoid" object = "earth_orbit"

e.g. earth_ellipsoid_eccentricity

    earth_ellipsoid_equatorial_radius   (= semi_major_axis_length)
    earth_ellipsoid_flattening_ratio
    earth_ellipsoid_polar_radius        (= semi_minor_axis_length)
    earth_mass
    earth_mean_density
    earth_orbit_eccentricity   (or earth_orbital_eccentricity)
    earth_solar_irradiation_constant
         OR earth_insolation_constant
    earth_to_sun_mean_distance
         OR earth_orbit_mean_radius  ???

• A quantity like "equatorial_radius" or "flattening_ratio" may only be

 well-defined for particular planet shapes, like an ellipsoid.  So we
 may want to insert the word "ellipsoid" for these.

=========

Glaciers, Land Ice

=========

object = "glacier" object = "glacier_ice"

e.g. glacier_ice_density

    glacier_ice_depth
    glacier_ice_temperature

• CF Standard Names use "land_ice" instead, contrasted with "sea_ice".

 If the quantity is an attribute of ice, we may want to add the word
 "ice" after glacier.

=================

Product of a Given Company

=================

object = company_name + product_name

e.g. gm_hummer_total_weight

    porsche_911_mrp   (cost)
    porsche_911_max_speed
    toyota_corolla_2008_blue_book_price  ??
    toyota_corolla_gas_tank_volume
    toyota_corolla_fuel_economy   [mpg]
    toyota_corolla_motor_trend_magazine_safety_rating
         (or "motor_trend_magazine" could go into metadata; how measured)

• We would do something similar for organizations contained within other

 organizations, such as "us_noaa_nws" (country_agency_program).  The general
 pattern is to go from the general to the specific.

• See Fuel Efficiency.

=======

Sea Water, Ocean

=======

object = "sea_water"

e.g. sea_water_eastward_velocity_component

    sea_water_flow_speed       (or sea_water_velocity_magnitude; insert "flow"?? ##########)
    sea_water_depth     (or "total_depth" ??)
    sea_water_electrical_conductivity
    sea_water_salinity
    sea_water_secchi_depth
    sea_water_surface_elevation
    sea_water_surface_temperature
    sea_water_temperature
    sea_water_thermal_capacity

• The word "sea_water" is preferable to "ocean" when the quantity is an

 attribute of the water.  CF Standard Names have a different rule to
 decide when to use "ocean" vs. "_sea_water" (double check).

• See Waves (e.g. sea_water_surface_wave).

=

Snow

=

base_object = "_snow"

e.g. snow_density

    snow_depth
    snow_grain_size
    snow_melt_rate
    snow_thermal_capacity
    snow_thermal_energy_content

• We could use "surface_snow" (maybe CF does), but is that necessary?

=

Soil

=

base_object = "_soil"

e.g. soil_effective_saturated_hydraulic_conductivity

    soil_hydraulic_conductivity
    soil_pressure_head
    soil_saturated_hydraulic_conductivity
    soil_saturated_water_content
    soil_surface_infiltration_rate   (or vertical_flow_rate ??)
    soil_porosity
    soil_water_content
    soil_vertical_flow_rate

    clay_in_soil_volume_fraction   (using object_in_object pattern)
    sand_in_soil_volume_fraction
    silt_in_soil_volume_fraction

=

Surfaces

=

base_object = "_surface" base_object = "_isosurface"

e.g. beach_surface

    bedrock_surface
    glacier_bottom_surface
    glacier_top_surface
    land_surface
    sea_floor_surface   (or seabed_surface, or sea_bottom_surface ?)
    sea_water_surface
    tropopause_surface
    water_table_surface  (or ground_water_table_surface)

• Here, "surface" means a function, z(x,y), that associates a single value

 (usually an elevation) with every point (or grid cell) in the horizontal plane.
 Note that an "isosurface" may not be expressible as z(x,y), e.g. surfaces of
 constant pressure or temperature, etc.

• Words like "bed", "floor" and "table" imply a surface, but we include the word

 "surface" as a base object anyway to create a natural grouping.

• We often want to refer to the "top" or "bottom" surface.

• Quantities like aspect_angle, plan_curvature, profile_curvature, slope and

 slope_angle can be associated with any surface.

=====================

Watersheds, Basins, Catchments

=====================

object = "watershed" object = "watershed_boundary" object = "watershed_outlet"

e.g. watershed_boundary_diameter

    watershed_boundary_shape_factor
    watershed_boundary_perimeter

    watershed_burned_area_fraction
    watershed_d8_area             (i.e. upstream, contributing area)
    watershed_d_infinity_area
    watershed_drainage_density
    watershed_forested_area_fraction
    watershed_mass_flux_area      ####

    watershed_outlet_slope  ###  (channel_slope ??)
    watershed_outlet_suspended_sediment_discharge
    watershed_outlet_water_depth
    watershed_outlet_water_discharge
    watershed_outlet_water_speed
    watershed_outlet_width
    watershed_outlet_width_to_depth_ratio
    watershed_source_density

    watershed_total_channel_length

• The word "basin" is used in other, non-water-related contexts.

• "watershed_boundary" seems better than "watershed_drainage_divide".

  We could introduce "watershed_interior" also, if needed.

• "watershed_polygon" relates to our shape pattern (i.e. trapezoid, ellipsoid)

===

Waves in Air

===

base_object = "_wave"

e.g. atmospheric_internal_gravity_wave

    atmospheric_lee_wave  (OR   atmospheric_standing_wave)
    hydrostatic_wave
    rossby_wave   (or planetary_wave)

• See "Lee Wave" in Wikipedia.

• What about "sound waves" ??

======

Waves in Water

======

object = "sea_water_internal_wave" object = "sea_water_surface_wave" object = "water_capillary_wave"

e.g. sea_water_surface_wave_height

    sea_water_surface_wave_incidence_angle
    sea_water_surface_wave_length
    sea_water_surface_wave_number
    sea_water_surface_wave_speed        (group or phase ??)
    sea_water_surface_wave_steepness

• To avoid ambiguity, always add an adjective like "surface" or "internal" in front

 of the word "wave".  Note that "surface_wave" means "surface gravity wave" and
 "internal_wave" means "internal gravity wave".  In both cases, gravity (or buoyancy)
 is a restoring force acting at the interface of two fluids with different densities.
 Other types of waves include:  "breaking", "capillary", "solitary" and "tsunami".
 So we could have "surface_breaking_wave" and "surface_capillary_wave".
 Do we want to include words like "rogue", "sound", "standing", "swell" and "wind"
 as wave types ??   ########

• See Sea Water.

=

Wind

=

base_object = "_wind"

e.g. wind_direction_angle

    wind_reference_height_speed   (or maybe reference_height_wind_speed ??)
    wind_speed               (vs. air_flow_speed)
    wind_speed_reference_height

• Notice that "reference_height" and "wind_speed" can form a coupled pair

 of quantities:  reference_height_wind_speed and wind_speed_reference_height,
 where the other quantity serves as an adjective/modifier.  But what is the
 object in "reference_height_wind_speed"?

• While "wind" could be called "air_flow" (which follows the "object - process"

 pattern) we use the more common and widely-recognized term when possible.

• What about gusts, or speeds sustained for some time period?