CSN Examples

  CSDMS Standard Names — Examples by Discipline

• A CSDMS Standard Name must have an object part and a quantity part, with adjectives and modifiers (as prefixes) being used to help avoid ambiguity and identify a specific object and a specific, associated quantity. This document contains "quantity templates". For "object templates", see: CSDMS Object Templates.

Attributes of Atoms

  quantity = attribute
  quantity = "atomic_mass"
  quantity = "emission_frequency"
  quantity = "relative_atomic_mass" (dimensionless ratio to carbon-12)
  quantity = "mass_number" (number of protons + neutrons)
  quantity = "neutron_number" (number of neutrons)
  quantity = "proton_number" (number of protons)

  Examples

carbon_isotope__neutron_number  (use "isotope" like this ??)
cesium_atom__mass_number
cesium_atom__neutron_number
cesium_atom__proton_number
cesium_atom__relative_atomic_mass

• There is controversy over the term "atomic_weight" and the term "relative_atomic_mass" seems preferably and more precise.

• While "atomic number" is a standard term, the synonym "proton_number" is winning favor because it is more specific and because "neutron_number" is also used.

• A specific frequency in the emission spectrum of cesium-133 is used for the ISU definition of the "second", so cesium is used in atomic clocks. It is not really a characteristic vibration frequency of the atom. (But molecules do have vibration frequencies; see Attributes of Molecules below.) It is a transition or resonance frequency between two hyperfine ground states of cesium-133. A CSDMS standard name for this frequency could be something like: "cesium-133_isotope_state1_to_state2_hyperfine_transition_frequency", where "state1" and "state2" would be replaced with appropriate names for the two states involved.

• See the CSDMS Object Template for Atoms, Compounds, Ions and Molecules below for more information.

Attributes of Channels

  quantity = attribute
  object = "channel_bank"
  object = "channel_bank_water"
  object = "channel_bed"
  object = "channel_bed_grain"
  object = "channel_bed_surface"
  object = "channel_centerline"
  object = "channel_centerline_endpoints"
  object = "channel_cross-section"
  object = "channel_cross-section_centroid"
  object = "channel_cross-section_trapezoid"
  object = "channel_cross-section_trapezoid_left-bank"
  object = "channel_cross-section_trapezoid_right-bank"
  object = "channel_entrance"
  object = "channel_entrance_center" (center or centroid ??)
  object = "channel_exit"
  object = "channel_exit_center" (center or centroid ??)
  object = "channel_water"
  object = "channel_water_bedload-sediment"
  object = "channel_water_suspended-sediment"
  object = "channel_water_total-sediment"
  object = "channel_water_washload-sediment"
  object = "channel_water_surface"

  Examples

channel_bank_water__volume-per-unit-length_flow_rate
 
channel__bankfull_width
channel__downstream_hydraulic_geometry_depth_vs_discharge_exponent
channel__downstream_hydraulic_geometry_slope_vs_discharge_coefficient
channel__station_hydraulic_geometry_width_vs_discharge_exponent
channel__meander_amplitude
channel__meander_curvature_radius
channel__meander_wavelength
 
channel_bed__manning_coefficient
channel_bed__relative_roughness_ratio     (a dimensionless ratio)
channel_bed__roughness_length
 
channel_bed_grain__d50_diameter
channel_bed_grain__d84_diameter
 
channel_bed_surface__cross-stream_slope
channel_bed_surface__downstream_slope
 
### channel__bed_roughness_length_to_water_depth_ratio    ????
 
channel_bed_water__hydrostatic_pressure
channel_bed_water__pressure  (assumed "dynamic" if not hydrostatic ?)
channel_bed_water__shear_stress
 
channel_centerline__length
channel_centerline__straight_sinuosity  (same as "tortuosity" ??)
channel_centerline__valley_sinuosity
 
channel_centerline_endpoints__difference_of_elevation
channel_centerline_endpoints__separation_distance    (also called: "chord length")
 
channel_cross-section__area
channel_cross-section__hydraulic_radius
channel_cross-section__max_of_depth
channel_cross-section__perimeter
channel_cross-section__wetted_area
channel_cross-section__wetted_perimeter
channel_cross-section__width-to-depth_ratio
 
channel_cross-section_top__width   (for any cross-section shape, incl. trapezoid)

channel_cross-section_trapezoid_left-bank__flaring_angle
channel_cross-section_trapezoid_right-bank__flaring_angle 
channel_cross-section_trapezoid_bottom__width

channel_entrance_center__elevation
channel_entrance_center__latitude 
channel_entrance_center__longitude
channel_entrance__specific_contributing_area
channel_entrance__total_contributing_area    (or drainage area ?)
   
channel_exit_center__elevation
channel_exit_center__latitude
channel_exit_center__longitude
channel_exit__specific_contributing_area
channel_exit__total_contributing_area
 
channel_water__darcy_friction_factor  
channel_water__mass-per-volume_density
channel_water__depth_and_bed_slope_product    # (product is a quantity suffix)
channel_water__fanning_friction_factor
channel_water__froude_number
channel_water__max_of_depth
channel_water__depth
channel_water__shear_stress (anywhere in the channel, vs. at channel_bed)
channel_water__speed   (or flow_speed ??)
channel_water__pressure     (anywhere in the channel vs. at channel_bed)
channel_water__temperature
channel_water__time_derivative_of_depth
channel_water__time_derivative_of_volume
channel_water__volume
channel_water__volume_flow_rate     (i.e. "Q" or discharge)
channel_water__volume_flow_rate_law_area_exponent
channel_water__volume_flow_rate_law_coefficient
channel_water__volume-per-unit-width_flow_rate  (i.e. "q", or unit-width discharge)
channel_water__incoming_volume_flow_rate     (or channel_entrance_water__volume_flow_rate ??)
channel_water__outgoing_volume_flow_rate     (or channel_exit_water__volume_flow_rate ??)
 
channel_water_surface__cross-stream_slope
channel_water_surface__downstream_slope
 
channel_water_suspended-sediment__mass_concentration
 
channel_water_total-sediment__volume_flow_rate  (i.e. "Qs" or "sediment discharge")
channel_water_total-sediment__volume_flow_rate_law_area_exponent
channel_water_total-sediment__volume_flow_rate_law_coefficient
channel_water_total-sediment__volume_flow_rate_law_slope_exponent
 
land_surface_water__volume-per-unit-contour-length_flow_rate  (i.e. "q" or "unit width discharge")

• Note that "entrance" and "exit" are used instead of "high_end" and "low_end" because it is possible for the "exit" to be the "high end".

• Instead of "channel_entrance__contributing_area", we could use: "channel_entrance_watershed__area". There are several different methods for computing contributing area (or drainage area) and the method should be indicated using an <assume> tag in a Model Metadata File, such as "d8_flow_direction_method", "d_infinity_flow_direction_method" or "mass_flux_flow_direction_method".

• It appears that Howard (1980) may have been the first to parameterize sediment discharge as Qs = K * A^m * S^n, where A is contributing area and S is channel slope. (Or perhaps Carson and Kirkby or Kirkby were first.) If so, then we could use the standard names:

channel_water_total-sediment__howard_law_coefficient  (K)
channel_water_total-sediment__howard_law_area_exponent (m)
channel_water_total-sediment__howard_law_slope_exponent (n)

Note that "geomorphic_transport_law" could also be used but is more general than "howard_law".

• It would be nice to have a short, unambiguous standard name for:
  channel_entrance-to-exit__difference_of_elevation.
  Perhaps we could introduce "drop" as a quantity suffix (like increment and step) for this purpose, but this doesn't capture the end-to-end aspect of the drop.

• Note that "bank_angle" by itself would be ambiguous; is it the angle the bank makes with the vertical z-axis or with a horizontal x-axis? However, "channel_cross-section_trapezoid_left-bank__flare_angle" is clear. When "left" and "right" are used as adjectives, they are taken relative to the direction of travel or flow, by convention. See "left-bank" and "right-bank" above. Would "left-edge" and "right-edge" be better?

• A quantity like "bottom__width" or "flaring_angle" may only be well-defined for cross-sections of a particular shape, like a trapezoid. In such cases we use the Object_name + model_name Pattern.

• Avoid inserting the word "mean" or "average" for quantities like "depth" and "speed". Assumptions or clarifications on how quantities are computed are provided using <assume> tags in an associated Model Metadata File.

• We talk of "channel_networks", but the network is not part of the channel.

• An outlet would be considered part of a watershed and not part of a channel. See the object pattern for Watershed, Basins and Catchments.

Attributes of Earthquakes

  quantity = attribute
  object = earthquake
  object = earthquake_auxiliary-plane
  object = earthquake_epicenter
  object = earthquake_fault
  object = earthquake_fault_plane
  object = earthquake_fault_plane_asperity
  object = earthquake_foot-wall-block
  object = earthquake_hanging-wall-block
  object = earthquake_hypocenter
  object = earthquake_p-wave
  object = earthquake_s-wave
  object = earthquake_shadow-zone
  object = earthquake_station
  object = earthquake_swarm
 
  object = seismic_wave

  Examples

earthquake__count      (number of earthquakes, or N in Gutenberg-Richter law)
earthquake__critical_slip_distance
earthquake__duration   (overall duration of the event)
earthquake__drop_of_dynamic_stress   ????
earthquake__drop_of_static_stress  ???
earthquake__east_component_of_slip-vector
earthquake__gutenberg-richter_law_a_parameter
earthquake__gutenberg-richter_law_b_parameter
earthquake__modified_mercali_intensity      (for ground motion instead ??)
earthquake__modified_omori_law_c_parameter
earthquake__modified_omori_law_k_parameter
earthquake__modified_omori_law_p_parameter
earthquake__magnitude_of_moment_tensor    ### (Same as "moment_magnitude" ?)
earthquake__moment_magnitude              ### (Same as "magnitude_of_moment_tensor" ?)
earthquake__moment_tensor
earthquake__north_component_of_slip-vector
earthquake__origin_time
earthquake__radiated_seismic_energy   (measured by seismometers.  How does this compare to release_energy ??)
earthquake__release_energy      (same as the "seismic moment" ??)
earthquake__richter_magnitude
earthquake__rupture_speed     (or rupture_velocity ??)
earthquake__seismic_moment_energy     (or just seismic_moment ??  moment = Force x distance,  [Newton meters = Joules]
earthquake__slip_angle           (angle between slip vector and horizontal)
earthquake__slip_distance
earthquake__slip_duration     (also known as the "rise time", as seen on a seismograph, from rupture time to peak moment release.)
earthquake__slip_speed    (slip is a 2D vector)
 
earthquake__east_east_component_of_moment_tensor       (notation Mpp;  r = up, p = east, t = south; tensor is symmetric)
earthquake__east_up_component_of_moment_tensor         (notation Mpr)
earthquake__south_east_component_of_moment_tensor      (notation Mtp)
earthquake__south_south_component_of_moment_tensor     (notation Mtt)
earthquake__up_south_component_of_moment_tensor        (notation Mrt)
earthquake__up_up_component_of_moment_tensor           (notation Mrr)
 
earthquake_auxiliary-plane__**
  
earthquake_epicenter__elevation
earthquake_epicenter__latitude       (equal to the earthquake_hypocenter__latitude)
earthquake_epicenter__longitude      (equal to the earthquake_hypocenter__longitude)
 
earthquake_fault__length
 
earthquake_fault_plane__dip_angle   (angle between fault plane and horizontal)
earthquake_fault_plane__length
earthquake_fault_plane__rake_angle  (direction that hanging wall block moves from, measured on the fault plane)
earthquake_fault_plane__rupture_area
earthquake_fault_plane__rupture_length
earthquake_fault_plane__rupture_time    (time that rupture event begins)
earthquake_fault_plane__rupture_width
earthquake_fault_plane__slip-rake_angle   ???
earthquake_fault_plane__strike_angle  (angle in plane of Earth's surface
earthquake_fault_plane__width
 
earthquake_fault_plane_asperity__contact_area   (perhaps 0.22 times the fault plane rupture_area ??)
 
earthquake_foot-wall-block__**
earthquake_hanging-wall-block__**
 
earthquake_hypocenter__depth      (hypocenter is also called the "focus")
earthquake_hypocenter__latitude
earthquake_hypocenter__longitude
earthquake_hypocenter-to-station__distance
 
earthquake_p-wave__amplitude    ## (p = primary, pressure or push-pull)
earthquake_p-wave__frequency
earthquake_p-wave__period
earthquake_p-wave__speed
earthquake_p-wave__takeoff_angle          (angle from the vertical of a seismic ray as it leaves the focus)
earthquake_p-wave__wavelength
earthquake_p-wave_station__arrival_time
earthquake_p-wave_station__travel_time
  
earthquake_s-wave__amplitude   ## (s = secondary, shear or shake)
earthquake_s-wave__frequency
earthquake_s-wave__period
earthquake_s-wave__speed
earthquake_s-wave__takeoff_angle          (angle from the vertical of a seismic ray as it leaves the focus)
earthquake_s-wave__wavelength
earthquake_s-wave_station__arrival_time
earthquake_s-wave_station__travel_time
 
earthquake_seismograph__shaking_amplitude    (is this an attribute of a seismograph ?)
  
earthquake_station__elevation
earthquake_station__latitude
earthquake_station__longitude

• Seismic moment = M0 = shear_modulus (rigidity) x slip_distance (displacement) x rupture_area. Units of energy and sometimes called "seismic moment energy".

• Moment magnitude = Mw = (2/3) log10( M0 ) - 6.0 [dimensionless].

• Should we use "aki_moment_tensor" for clarity instead of just "moment_tensor", after Aki (1972) ??

• The "takeoff_angle" and "azimuth_angle" give the direction in which a seismic (wave) ray leaves the focus or hypocenter.

• Seismic wave travel times are from source to station.

• How are the following terms defined? rupture azimuth, source duration, apparent source duration, particle velocity, static stress drop, dynamic stress drop, radiated seismic energy, rupture top depth, rupture down dip width?

• Some mathematical earthquake models are the Burridge-Knopoff (1D spring-block or "slider-block") model (and variants) and the Olami-Feder-Christensen model.

• There are many types of Seismic waves, including body waves, such as: P-waves and S-waves and surface waves, such as: Love waves, Rayleigh waves, and Stonely waves.

• See: Bulk modulus, Compressibility, Elastic modulus, Shear modulus, Stiffness and Young's modulus.

• See: Earthquake, Earthquake rupture, Earthquake swarm, Epicenter, Fault (geology), Focal mechanism, Gutenberg-Richter Law, Hypocenter (also called the "focus"), Mercali intensity scale, Moment magnitude scale, Richter magnitude scale, Seismic moment, Seismic scale, Seismic wave, Strike and dip and Shadow zone.

• Also see the section called: Attributes of Planets.

Attributes of Glaciers

  quantity = attribute

  Examples

glacier_ablation-zone__area
glacier_ablation-zone__area_fraction   (or ablation_zone_to_total_area_fraction ?)
 
glacier_accumulation-zone__area
glacier_accumulation-zone__area_fraction
 
glacier_equilibrium-line__altitude   ## (vs. elevation in this case)
 
glacier_bed__east_down_component_of_shear_stress
glacier_bed__magnitude_of_shear_stress
glacier_bed__north_down_component_of_shear_stress
glacier_bed__pressure   # (hydrostatic or dynamic ??)
glacier_bed__sliding_speed
glacier_bed__x_z_component_of_shear_stress
glacier_bed__y_z_component_of_shear_stress
 
glacier_bed_surface__aspect_angle
glacier_bed_surface__slope       (See: Surface template.)
glacier_bed_surface__slope_angle
 
glacier__azimuth_angle_of_flow_velocity
glacier__down_component_of_flow_velocity
glacier__east_component_of_flow_velocity
glacier__north_component_of_flow_velocity
glacier__south_component_of_flow_velocity
glacier__west_component_of_flow_velocity
glacier__x_component_of_flow_velocity
glacier__y_component_of_flow_velocity
glacier__z_component_of_flow_velocity
glacier__zenith_angle_of_flow_velocity
 
glacier__flow_speed
glacier__glen_law_coefficient      ## (or "creep_parameter" ?)
glacier__glen_law_exponent       ## (or "creep_exponent" ?)
glacier__internal_temperature
glacier__mass
glacier__melt_rate
glacier__thickness
glacier__time_derivative_of_thickness
glacier__time_integral_of_melt_rate      # (cumulative meltwater volume)
glacier__volume
  
glacier_terminus__calving_rate
glacier_terminus__retreat_rate      (See: Glacier retreat; perhaps a terminus speed)
glacier_terminus_left-side__latitude    (See Note below regarding "left-side".)
glacier_terminus_left-side__longitude
glacier_terminus_right-side__latitude
glacier_terminus_right-side__longitude
  
glacier_top_surface__area
glacier_top_surface__aspect_angle
glacier_top_surface__emissivity
glacier_top_surface__incoming_longwave_radiation_flux
glacier_top_surface__incoming_shortwave_radiation_flux
glacier_top_surface__outgoing_longwave_radiation_flux
glacier_top_surface__slope       (see glacier_bed_surface_slope)
glacier_top_surface__slope_angle
glacier_top_surface__temperature    ### (or just glacier_top__temperature ??)
 

• In glaciology, "mass_balance" has a specific meaning that can be confusing to scientists from other disciplines. See: Glacier mass balance. It is the difference between accumulation and ablation (melting and sublimation) and therefore the net rate at which ice is being "added" to the glacier. The quantity name: "glacier__time_derivative_of_thickness" is unambiguous (it avoids domain-specific terms) and is more consistent with other standard names.

• When "left" and "right" are used as adjectives, they are taken relative to the direction of travel or flow, by convention.

• Within the CSDMS Standard Names, quantity names "altitude" and "elevation" are taken to have distinct meanings. See Altitude and Elevation. However, the quantity name equilibrium_line_altitude is allowed since it is a standard term in glaciology and otherwise follows the naming rules.

• Note that these names don't contain the word "ice", since a glacier is a persistent body of ice (by definition) and including "ice" is therefore redundant. However, for a glacier on another planet (e.g. Mars) that is not made of water, an adjective such as "carbon_dioxide" can be inserted before "glacier". In fact, this is the trend in the current literature.

• We may need an additional adjective before "area" in order to distinguish between a "surface area" and "projected area".

• See: Accumulation zone, Ablation zone, Glacier, Ice sheet, Meltwater and Glacier terminus.

Attributes of Materials

  quantity = attribute
  quantity = "lame_parameter"
  quantity = "bulk_modulus"
  quantity = "poisson_ratio"
  quantity = "shear_modulus"

  Examples:

earth_material__poisson_ratio
earth_material__shear_modulus

• See: Materials science and Poisson ratio.

Attributes of Models

  quantity = attribute

  Examples

model_grid__column_count   # (number of columns)
model_grid__row_count  # (number of rows)
 
model_grid_east-edge__longitude
model_grid_north-edge__latitude
model_grid_south-edge__latitude
model_grid_west-edge__longitude
 
model_grid_cell__area
model_grid_cell__column_index
model_grid_cell__d8_total_contributing_area
model_grid_cell__d8_flow_length
model_grid_cell__d8_flow_width
model_grid_cell__d8_slope
model_grid_cell__d_infinity_total_contributing_area
model_grid_cell__d_infinity_slope
model_grid_cell__diameter
model_grid_cell__perimeter
model_grid_cell__row_index
model_grid_cell__row-major-offset_index
model_grid_cell__total_contributing_area   #####
  
model_grid_cell_center__latitude
model_grid_cell_center__longitude
 
model_grid_cell_east-edge__longitude
model_grid_cell_west-edge__longitude
model_grid_cell_south-edge__latitude
model_grid_cell_north-edge__latitude
 
model_grid_cell_east-edge__length
model_grid_cell_west-edge__length
model_grid_cell_south-edge__length
model_grid_cell_north-edge__length
model_grid_cell_x-edge__length
model_grid_cell_y-edge__length
 
model_grid_cell_water__time_derivative_of_volume
model_grid_cell_water__incoming_volume_flow_rate
model_grid_cell_water__outgoing_volume_flow_rate
 
model_soil_layer-0__porosity
model_soil_layer-0__thickness
model_soil_layer-0__wetted_thickness
 
model__run_time
model__start_time
model__stop_time
model__time
model__time_step

• A model of a physical process will typically discretize both the spatial domain and time. This introduces several quantities that do not exist in the "real world", but only within the context of the model, as shown in the examples above. Note that "total_contributing_area" is a quantity that is technically associated with a segment of a contour line, but is typically attributed to a grid cell.

• While CSDMS component models often request variables from one another (i.e. a model tells the framework it needs a variable using the BMI function get_output_var_names()), CSDMS does not support (and discourages) models requesting model attributes from one another. Model attributes (i.e. output variables that start with the word "model") that are listed among a model's output variables are only intended for use by the modeling framework. Part of the CSDMS philosophy is the idea that model components should not need to know anything about the internal details of other models that they want to obtain output variables from --- this is viewed as the job of the modeling framework (which calls service components or mediators when needed). Another part of this philosophy (more of a design decision) is that model components should not need to be grouped into "types" (e.g. based on the physical process they model, such as "infiltration"). All matching should be based on what each model needs from others or can provide to others.

• Many of the possible model attributes will be "provided" by most or all of the models in a "component set". For example, "model__time_step" would typically be listed as an output variable for every model in a component set. This means that model attribute names cannot be used to automatically match users to providers. For this to be possible, models would need to be grouped into named "types", model developers would need to be aware of these types, and the type name (e.g. perhaps a process name like "infiltration") would need to be inserted before the word "model" in model output variable names. While individual component models therefore have no way to ask for model attributes from another model in the component set, the framework "sees everything" and can keep track of which component it retrieved a model attribute from. For example, the service component that performs time interpolation for the models in a component set needs to know the individual time steps of each model in the set. (But actually gets this directly from the BMI "get_time_step()" function instead of using a "get_values()" call for the variable called "model__time_step".)

Attributes of Molecules

  quantity = attribute
  quantity = "bond_angle"
  quantity = "bond_dissociation_energy"
  quantity = "bond_energy"
  quantity = "bond_length"
  quantity = "proton_number" (total number of protons)
  quantity = "torsion_angle"
  quantity = "vibration_frequency"

Examples

water_molecule__actual_bond_angle
water_molecule__ideal_bond_angle  (or replace "ideal" by "VSEPR" ?)
water_molecule__hydrogen_number  (??? number of hydrogen atoms)
water_molecule_h_o__bond_dissociation_energy
water_molecule_h_o__bond_length
water_molecule_h_o_h__bond_angle

• A molecule is an electrically neutral group of two or more atoms held together by covalent chemical bonds.

• CSDMS Standard Names allow using the standard symbol for atoms of a particular element that occur in a molecule (but in lower case).

• There is distinction between "bond energy" and "bond dissociation energy".

• It seems that the bond energy, bond dissociation energy and bond length all depend on the molecule that the atoms are in and not just which two types of atoms are involved. If this is the case, then names should use the Part-of-another-Object Pattern (and perhaps the Object-to-object Quantity Pattern for the atoms), as in: "water_molecule_h_o_bond_length" and "water_molecule_h_o_bond_dissociation_energy".

• See: bond length, bond-dissociation energy and bond energy.

• Bond angles and lengths in molecules are defined as time averages.

• A bond_angle can be defined for 2 consecutive bonds and 3 atoms, as in "water_molecule_bond_angle" or "water_molecule_h_o_h_bond_angle". For a molecule in which all bond angles are the same, like benzene, we could have "benzene_c_c_c_bond_angle" or "benzene_c_c_h_bond_angle". See: Benzene.

• A torsion_angle can be defined for 3 consecutive bonds and 4 atoms, as in "ethane_h_c_c_h_torsion_angle". A synonym is "dihedral_angle".

• For ligands, a ligand cone angle and ligand bite angle can be defined.

• Valence shell electron pair repulsion theory (VSEPR) is a model in chemistry used to predict the shapes of molecules, such as "ideal bond angles".

• Molecules have "vibration frequencies" associated with all the different ways in which the atoms in the molecule can undergo a periodic motion relative to one another. (These relative positions don't change when the molecule rotates or translates as a whole.) See: Molecular vibration. (Individual atoms don't have vibration frequencies but they do have "emission frequencies".) In the so-called: rocking, scissoring, twisting and wagging vibrations, the bond lengths between atoms don't change. In stretching vibrations (symmetric or antisymmetric), the bond lengths change. For the CSDMS standard names we may be able to use names such as "ethylene_wagging_vibration_frequency".

• We could use "hydrogen_number" to quantify the number of hydrogen atoms in a molecule, but that term is also used in a medical context to mean the quantity of hydrogen that 1 gram of fat will absorb.

Attributes of Oceans

  quantity = attribute
  object = "sea_coastline"
  object = "sea_floor"
  object = "sea_floor_sediment"
  object = "sea_floor_water"
  object = "sea_floor_water_flow"
 
  object = "sea_interior" ######
  object = "sea_interior_water" ######
  object = "sea_interior_water_wave" ######
 
  object = "sea_surface"
  object = "sea_surface_air"
  object = "sea_surface_air_carbon-dioxide"
  object = "sea_surface_air_flow"
  object = "sea_surface_water"
  object = "sea_surface_water_wave"
 
  object = "sea_water"
  object = "sea_water_biota"
  object = "sea_water_carbon-dioxide"
  object = "sea_water_flow"
  object = "sea_water_internal-wave" ###
  object = "sea_water_surface" ###
  object = "sea_water_surface_wave" ###
  object = "sea_water_tide"
  object = "sea_water_tsunami"

Examples

model_west-edge_sea_water__elevation  (a boundary condition)
  
sea_coastline_azimuth_angle_of_normal_vector
sea_coastline_azimuth_angle_of_tangent_vector
sea_coastline-to-tangent-line__angle
sea_coastline__curvature
  
sea_floor__elevation
sea_floor__latitude
sea_floor__longitude
sea_floor__net_heat_flux
  
sea_floor_freshwater__net_volume_flux
   
sea_floor_water__magnitude_of_shear_stress
sea_floor_water__net_heat_flux
sea_floor_water__salinity
sea_floor_water__temperature
 
sea_surface__elevation
sea_surface__incoming_shortwave_radiation_flux
sea_surface__latitude   (this is a local value, like all others)
sea_surface__longitude  (this is a local value, like all others)
sea_surface__outgoing_longwave_radiation_flux
sea_surface__reflected_shortwave_radiation_flux
sea_surface__slope
  
sea_surface_air__magnitude_of_shear_stress   (wind)
sea_surface_air__pressure
sea_surface_air__temperature
  
sea_surface_air_flow__x_component_of_velocity     (air_flow = "wind")
sea_surface_air_flow__y_component_of_velocity
sea_surface_air_flow__z_component_of_velocity     (should be zero)
  
sea_surface_air_carbon-dioxide__partial_pressure
sea_surface_air-water__difference_of_temperature   
sea_surface_air_water-vapor__partial_pressure
sea_surface_air_water-vapor__relative_saturation  (relative humidity)
   
sea_surface_water__evaporation_rate
sea_surface_water__liquid-equivalent_precipitation_rate   #####
sea_surface_water__net_latent_heat_flux
sea_surface_water__net_sensible_heat_flux
sea_surface_water__salinity
sea_surface_water__temperature
      
sea_surface_water_wave__orbital_speed  ####
sea_surface_water_wave__significant_height 
sea_surface_water_wave__time_integral_from_start_of_cos_of_angular_frequency_times_time
sea_surface_water_wave__time_integral_from_start_of_$\cos(\omega(k)*t)$  
sea_surface_water_wave__time_mean_of_height 
sea_surface_water_wave__time_median_of_height  
    
sea_surface_water_carbon-dioxide__partial_pressure
  
sea_surface_water_wave__breaking_fraction
    
sea_water__anomaly_of_mass-to-volume_density
sea_water__dynamic_pressure
sea_water__flow_speed
sea_water__hydrostatic_pressure
sea_water__mass-to-volume_density
sea_water__potential_temperature
sea_water__pressure
sea_water__salinity
sea_water__temperature  ####
sea_water__time_average_of_square_of_potential_temperature
sea_water__time_average_of_square_of_salinity
  
sea_water_biota__mass   (biomass)
  
sea_water_carbon-dioxide__partial_pressure
sea_water_carbon-dioxide__solubility
  
sea_water_flow__east_component_of_bolus_velocity
sea_water_flow__north_component_of_bolus_velocity
sea_water_flow__up_component_of_bolus_velocity
sea_water_flow__x_component_of_bolus_velocity
sea_water_flow__y_component_of_bolus_velocity
sea_water_flow__z_component_of_bolus_velocity
   
sea_water_flow__east_component_of_momentum
sea_water_flow__north_component_of_momentum
sea_water_flow__up_component_of_momentum
sea_water_flow__x_component_of_momentum
sea_water_flow__y_component_of_momentum
sea_water_flow__z_component_of_momentum
sea_water_flow__z_integral_of_u_component_of_momentum
sea_water_flow__z_integral_of_v_component_of_momentum
    
sea_water_flow__east_component_of_velocity
sea_water_flow__north_component_of_velocity
sea_water_flow__up_component_of_velocity
sea_water_flow__x_component_of_velocity
sea_water_flow__y_component_of_velocity
sea_water_flow__z_component_of_velocity
 
sea_water_flow__east_component_of_vorticity
sea_water_flow__north_component_of_vorticity
sea_water_flow__up_component_of_vorticity
sea_water_flow__x_component_of_vorticity
sea_water_flow__y_component_of_vorticity
sea_water_flow__z_component_of_vorticity
 
sea_water_flow__east_east_component_of_stress
sea_water_flow__east_north_component_of_stress
sea_water_flow__east_up_component_of_stress
sea_water_flow__north_north_component_of_stress
sea_water_flow__north_up_component_of_stress
sea_water_flow__up_up_component_of_stress
  
sea_water_flow__x_x_component_of_stress
sea_water_flow__x_y_component_of_stress
sea_water_flow__x_z_component_of_stress
sea_water_flow__y_y_component_of_stress
sea_water_flow__y_z_component_of_stress
sea_water_flow__z_z_component_of_stress
   
sea_water_flow__magnitude_of_stress   ####
sea_water_flow__pressure  ###
  
sea_water_flow__x_x_component_of_radiation_stress   (Sxx)
sea_water_flow__x_y_component_of_radiation_stress   (Sxy)
sea_water_flow__y_y_component_of_radiation_stress   (Syy)
sea_water_flow__z_x_component_of_radiation_stress   (Szx) 
sea_water_flow__z_y_component_of_radiation_stress   (Szy) 
sea_water_flow__z_integral_of_x_x_component_of_radiation_stress
sea_water_flow__z_integral_of_x_y_component_of_radiation_stress
sea_water_flow__z_integral_of_y_y_component_of_radiation_stress
   
sea_water_flow__x_component_of_stokes_drift_velocity
sea_water_flow__y_component_of_stokes_drift_velocity
sea_water_flow__z_component_of_stokes_drift_velocity
 
sea_water_flow__time_average_of_z_integral_of_square_of_x_component_of_momentum
sea_water_flow__time_average_of_z_integral_of_square_of_y_component_of_momentum
sea_water_flow__turbulent_kinetic_energy  (or sea_water_turbulence ??)
  
sea_water_heat__horizontal_diffusion_coefficient    (vertical or upward or "z" ??)
sea_water_heat__vertical_diffusion_coefficient    (vertical or upward or "z" ??)
  
sea_water_salt__horizontal_diffusion_coefficient
sea_water_salt__vertical_diffusion_coefficient
  
sea_water_tide__period
  
sea_water_turbulent-kinetic-energy__vertical_diffusion_coefficient
  

• The word "flow" is used in the object part of these names to mean "flow field". This is another example of the Object Name + Model Name Pattern, because a flow field is a mathematical model that is "imposed" on the sea water.

Attributes of Planets

  quantity = attribute   object = earth_asthenosphere
  object = earth_axis
  object = earth_core
  object = earth_core-mantle_boundary (known in geophysics as "cmb")
  object = earth_crust (move to planet attributes ??)
  object = earth_crust-mantle_boundary (known in geophysics as "moho", for Mohorovicic discontinuity, about 50 km depth)
  object = earth_ellipsoid
  object = earth_inner-core (solid iron core)
  object = earth_lithosphere
  object = earth_lithosphere-asthenosphere_boundary (known in geophysics as "lab")
  object = earth_lower-mantle
  object = earth_mantle
  object = earth_mantle_plume
  object = earth_orbit
  object = earth_outer-core (liquid iron core)
  object = earth_surface
  object = earth_transition-zone
  object = earth_upper-mantle

  Examples

earth_axis__tilt_angle     (see "Object vs. Adjective Rule")
earth_core-mantle_boundary__depth
earth_crust-mantle_boundary__depth
earth_ellipsoid__equatorial_radius
earth_ellipsoid__flattening_ratio
earth_ellipsoid__polar_radius
earth_inner-core_radius
earth_lithosphere-asthenosphere_boundary__depth
earth__mass
earth_orbit__eccentricity        (see "Object vs. Adjective Rule")
earth_outer-core__radius
earth__rotation_rate
earth__rotation_period      (see "Process_name + Quantity Pattern")
earth__sidereal_day
earth__solar_irradiation_constant    ( or just "solar constant"?  See notes.)
earth__standard_gravity_constant    (see the Constant template)

mars__mean_diameter
mars__solar_irradiation_constant
mars__standard_gravity_constant
mars_axis__tilt_angle
mars_ellipsoid__equatorial_radius

mercury_axis__precession_period
mercury_axis__precession_rate

venus_axis__tilt_angle
venus_orbit__aphelion_distance
venus_orbit__perihelion_distance
venus_orbit-ecliptic__inclination_angle  (or "venus_orbit_to_ecliptic" ?)
venus__solar_irradiation_constant
venus__standard_gravity_constant  (8.83 m s-2)

• Some of these are needed for proper georeferencing or modeling solar radiation via celestial mechanics.

• Notice that the word "ellipsoid" was inserted in three examples above. This is an example of the Object_name + Model_name pattern that is explained at the top of the document: CSDMS Object Templates.

• Solid earth geophysicists use the following acronyms/abbreviations: CMB = core-mantle boundary, LAB = lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary and "moho" = crust-mantle boundary, also called the Mohorovicic discontinuity, at about 50 km depth.

• See: Orbital elements for a discussion of the 6 parameters (including "inclination angle") that uniquely specify a specific orbit in astronomy.

• Note that Insolation refers to the solar irradiance measured at a given location on Earth, typically around 1000 W/m^2. The Solar irradiation constant is measured at the outer surface of Earth's atmosphere and is roughly 1366 W/m^2. Due to scattering and absorption in the atmosphere, the "insolation" is less than the "solar irradiation constant".

• See: Axial precession, Axial tilt, Declination, Ecliptic, Nutation, Position of the Sun, Precession, Right ascension, Solar azimuth angle, Solar elevation angle and Zenith.

Attributes of Processes

• See the template for Process Attributes.

Attributes of Products of a Company

  quantity = attribute

• See the CSDMS Object Template for "Product of a Company".

Attributes of Projectiles

  quantity = attribute
  object = projectile
  object = projectile_cross-section
  object = projectile_firing-site
  object = projectile_firing-site_land_surface
  object = projectile_firing-site_wind
  object = projectile_impact-crater
  object = projectile_rotation-axis
  object = projectile_target
  object = projectile_target_land_surface
  object = projectile_trajectory

  Examples

projectile__acceleration  (a vector)
projectile__altitude   (distance above the ground.  preferable to projectile_height)
projectile__angular_momentum
projectile__angular_velocity  (a vector)
projectile__azimuth_angle_of_impact_velocity
projectile__azimuth_angle_of_initial_velocity   (or of_firing_velocity ??)
projectile__azimuth_angle_of_velocity
projectile__diameter     (if spherical)
projectile__drag_coefficient
projectile__drag_force   (a vector)
projectile__firing_speed
projectile__firing_time
projectile__flight_duration
projectile__impact_depth
projectile__impact_force
projectile__impact_time
projectile__impact_velocity   (a vector)
projectile__initial_altitude      (this would be zero if fired from the ground or nonzero if fired from aloft)
projectile__initial_angular_momentum
projectile__initial_elevation    (this would be undefined if fired from aloft)
projectile__initial_latitude
projectile__initial_longitude
projectile__initial_velocity   (a vector)
projectile__kinetic_energy
projectile__length    (if cylindrical)
projectile__lift_coefficient
projectile__lift_force  (a vector)
projectile__mach_number
projectile__magnitude_of_drag_force
projectile__magnitude_of_lift_force
projectile__mass
projectile__mass-per-volume_density   #####
projectile__max_of_altitude    (highest point on the trajectory)
projectile__momentum
projectile__potential_energy
projectile__potential_range_distance   (max possible, if fired at 45 degree angle)
projectile__propelling_force
projectile__range_distance   (i.e. horizontal travel distance)
projectile__reynolds_number
projectile__roll_rotation_rate     #####
projectile__specific_kinetic_energy  [J kg-1]
projectile__specific_potential_energy [J kg-1]
projectile__speed
projectile__velocity    (a vector)
projectile__weight
projectile__x_component_of_acceleration
projectile__x_component_of_velocity
projectile__y_component_of_acceleration
projectile__y_component_of_velocity
projectile__z_component_of_acceleration
projectile__z_component_of_velocity
projectile__zenith_angle_of_impact_velocity     (also called "impact angle" or "terminal angle")
projectile__zenith_angle_of_initial_velocity    (also called "elevation angle", "launch angle" or "firing angle")
projectile__zenith_angle_of_velocity
  
projectile_cross-section__area
 
projectile_firing-site__elevation
projectile_firing-site__latitude
projectile_firing-site__longitude
projectile_firing-site__speed
projectile_firing-site__velocity  (a vector)
projectile_firing-site__x_component_of_acceleration
projectile_firing-site__x_component_of_velocity
projectile_firing-site__y_component_of_acceleration
projectile_firing-site__y_component_of_velocity
projectile_firing-site__z_component_of_acceleration
projectile_firing-site__z_component_of_velocity
 
projectile_firing-site_land_surface__aspect_angle
projectile_firing-site_land_surface__slope
projectile_firing-site_land_surface__slope_angle
 
projectile_firing-site_wind__azimuth_angle_of_velocity
projectile_firing-site_wind__speed
projectile_firing-site_wind__velocity  (a vector)
projectile_firing-site_wind__x_component_of_velocity
projectile_firing-site_wind__y_component_of_velocity
projectile_firing-site_wind__z_component_of_velocity
projectile_firing-site_wind__zenith_angle_of_velocity

projectile_impact-crater__depth         (insert "land_surface"  ??)
projectile_impact-crater__diameter
 
projectile_target__elevation
projectile_target__latitude
projectile_target__longitude
projectile_target__speed
projectile_target__velocity  (a vector) 
projectile_target__x_component_of_acceleration
projectile_target__x_component_of_velocity
projectile_target__y_component_of_acceleration
projectile_target__y_component_of_velocity
projectile_target__z_component_of_acceleration
projectile_target__z_component_of_velocity
  
projectile_target_land_surface__aspect_angle
projectile_target_land_surface__slope
projectile_target_land_surface__slope_angle
 
projectile_trajectory__curvature
projectile_trajectory__length

• "Projectile" is a generic object name that could refer to a cannonball, bullet, arrow, crossbow bolt, spear, missile, etc. We may want to make a distinction between projectiles (that are fired or launched) and meteors (that "just arrive").

• We could use "initial_elevation", "initial_latitude" and "initial_longitude" as quantity names with "projectile" as the object. However, using "projectile_firing-site" as the object name would make it possible to specify additional attributes (other than elevation, latitude and longitude) of the firing site, such as the topographic slope or aspect. It is also possible for the "firing site" to be moving (e.g. aircraft or ship), and then we need to be able to specify its velocity as well.

• Roll_angle, pitch_angle and yaw_angle are used for aircraft and perhaps could be used to describe rotation of a projectile in flight.

• See: Drag coefficient, Euler angles, Impact depth, Lift coefficient, Mach number, Magnus effect, Projectile, Range of a projectile, Rifling, and Trajectory of a projectile.

Attributes of Radiation

  quantity = attribute
  quantity = "absorbance"
  quantity = "albedo"
  quantity = "amplitude"
  quantity = "emission_angle"
  quantity = "emissivity"
  quantity = "flux"
  quantity = "frequency"
  quantity = "incidence_angle"
  quantity = "intensity"
  quantity = "period"
  quantity = "reflectivity"
  quantity = "standard_refraction_index"
  quantity = "transmittance"
  quantity = "wavelength"

  Examples:

None yet.

• Albedo is also called "diffuse reflectivity" or "reflectance coefficient".

• See the Radiation template on this page for numerous examples of radiation fluxes.

• Note that "refraction_index" is an example of a quantity that really requires two objects to be specified, electromagnetic radiation or light of a particular wavelength and the medium that it is traveling through (e.g. air, water, vacuum). However, standard refractive index measurements (see List of refractive indices) are taken at the yellow doublet sodium D line, with a wavelength of 589 nanometers. So in CSDMS standard names the insertion of the adjective "standard" means that only one object, the medium, needs to be specified. So "air_standard_refraction_index" would be a valid and unambiguous name, but an <assume> tag should be included in the Model Metadata File that specifies: "at_reference_wavelength_of_589_nm" (and maybe also "yellow_doublet_sodium_d_line_reference".) We may also want to allow names such as "550_nm_light_in_air_refraction_index".

• See: Absorbance, Albedo, Amplitude, Electromagnetic radiation, Frequency,Intensity in physics,Reflectivity, Refraction index, Transmittance, Visible radiation and Wavelength.

Attributes of Sea Ice

  quantity = attribute

  Examples

sea_ice__age
sea_ice__area
sea_ice__area_fraction   (vs. "sea_ice_concentration"; see Concentration)
sea_ice__emissivity
sea_ice__extent
sea_ice__thickness
sea_ice__volume

• What about "sea_ice_mass_balance" ? The term "mass_balance" is also used in glaciology but is confusing outside of that domain.

• The quantity "sea_ice_extent" is related to "sea_ice_area" but involves a "reference threshold" (as a percentage, usually 15%) that must be specified with an <assume> tag in a Model Metadata File. See Measurement of sea ice. Also see Reference Quantities.

• See Concentration, Fraction and Thickness.

Attributes of Soil

  quantity = attribute

  Examples

land_surface_water__depth
land_surface_water__infiltration_rate
 
model_soil_layer_0__porosity
model_soil_layer_0__thickness
model_soil_layer_0__wetted_thickness

soil_active_zone__thickness
soil_air__volume_fraction    (not same as porosity)
soil__brooks_corey_b_parameter   (lambda = 1/b)
soil__brooks_corey_eta_parameter
soil__brooks_corey_lambda_parameter
soil__brooks_corey_smith_c_parameter
soil__brooks_corey_smith_pressure_head_offset   #####
soil_clay__volume_fraction
soil__freeze_depth  ###
soil_frozen_water__volume_fraction
soil__green_ampt_capillary_length   (denoted as G, or "length_scale" ??)
 ## (or "green_ampt_g_parameter")
soil_layer__thickness
soil_loam__volume_fraction
soil__mass_density
soil__porosity
soil__reference_depth_temperature
soil_sand__volume_fraction
soil_silt__volume_fraction
soil__smith_parlange_gamma_parameter
soil__specific_permeability   (function of medium only, not fluid)
soil_surface_water__baseflow_emergence_rate   (nonstandard, but unambiguous)
soil_surface_water__volume_fraction  (water content)
soil_surface_water__infiltration_rate
soil_surface_water__ponding_time 
soil_surface_water__time_integral_of_infiltration_rate
soil__temperature
soil__temperature_reference_depth
soil__thaw_depth  ###
soil__thermal_capacity
soil__thermal_conductivity
soil__thickness
soil_water__air_dried_pressure_head
soil_water__bubbling_pressure_head   (or air_entry_pressure_head  ??)
soil_water__diffusivity
soil_water__effective_hydraulic_conductivity
soil_water__effective_saturated_hydraulic_conductivity
soil_water__effective_saturation     (same as "normalized_volume_fraction")
soil_water__field_capacity_pressure_head
soil_water__field_capacity_volume_fraction  (water content)
soil_water__hydraulic_conductivity    (function of medium and fluid)
soil_water__hygroscopic_pressure_head
soil_water__hygroscopic_volume_fraction   (water content)
soil_water__infiltrability  (fc, "potential_infiltration_rate"  ??)
soil_water__initial_volume_fraction       (water content)
soil_water__normalized_hydraulic_conductivity
soil_water__normalized_volume_fraction    (water content)
soil_water__oven_dried_pressure_head
soil_water__potential_infiltration_rate   (less standard term for fc = infiltrability)
soil_water__pressure_head
soil_water__relative_hydraulic_conductivity   (K/Ks)
soil_water__residual_volume_fraction      (water content)
soil_water__saturated_hydraulic_conductivity   (function of medium and fluid)
soil_water__saturated_volume_fraction
soil_water__sorptivity      ##### check
soil_water_table__depth
soil_water_table__recharge_rate   ####
soil_water__volume_fraction
soil_water_wetting-front__depth   #####
soil_water__wilting_point_pressure_head
soil_water__wilting_point_volume_fraction
soil_water__x_component_of_darcy_velocity    (darcy_velocity = specific_discharge, macroscopic = volume flux)
soil_water__y_component_of_darcy_velocity
soil_water__z_component_of_darcy_velocity
soil__van_genuchten_alpha_parameter
soil__van_genuchten_m_parameter
soil__van_genuchten_n_parameter
soil__void_ratio   (not same as porosity)

• The quantity name darcy_velocity is used for the volume flux that is otherwise known as the specific discharge. Freeze and Cherry (1979) mention both names, but emphasize the latter in order to make a clear distinction between it and the microscopic fluid velocity within pores. It has units of velocity and in the general case is modeled as a (macroscopic) three-dimensional velocity field (i.e. 3 components). Retaining the adjective "darcy" serves as a reminder of its origins and macroscopic nature.

• The quantity name volume_fraction is used instead of the more standard term water content. By keeping the word "water" in the (compound) object name "soil_water" and out of the quantity name, we maintain consistency with other standard names. "Volume_fraction" is also more self-explanatory.

• The quantity name potential_infiltration_rate is used instead of the alternate name infiltrability since it is the max possible infiltration rate.

• The quantity name baseflow_emergence_rate is used instead of "baseflow_seepage_rate" since the word seepage leaves ambiguity as to whether the flow is into the surface or out of the surface.

Attributes of Topography

  quantity = attribute
  quantity = "aspect_angle" (aspect is not used by itself)
  quantity = "elevation"
  quantity = "laplacian_curvature"
  quantity = "mean_curvature"
  quantity = "plan_curvature"
  quantity = "profile_curvature"
  quantity = "slope" [unitless = rise/run = L/L]
  quantity = "slope_angle" [radians or degrees]
  quantity = "specific_contributing_area"
  quantity = "streamline_curvature"
  quantity = "tangential_curvature"
  quantity = "total_contributing_area"

  Examples

bedrock_surface__elevation
bedrock__uplift_rate
domain_boundary__lowering_rate
glacier_surface__elevation
glacier_surface__slope
ground_water_table_surface__aspect_angle

land_surface__aspect_angle   # (angle of reverse gradient vector)
land_surface__elevation
land_surface__elevation_increment
land_surface__initial_elevation
land_surface__laplacian_curvature
land_surface__latitude
land_surface__longitude
land_surface__max_of_elevation
land_surface__max_of_elevation_increment
land_surface__mean_curvature
land_surface__min_of_elevation
land_surface__min_of_elevation_increment
land_surface__plan_curvature
land_surface__profile_curvature
land_surface__slope
land_surface__slope_angle
land_surface__specific_contributing_area   (measured by D8, D-inf, etc.)
land_surface__streamline_curvature
land_surface__tangential_curvature
land_surface__time_derivative_of_elevation
land_surface__total_contributing_area  (measured by D8, D-inf., etc.)
land_surface__x_component_of_gradient_of_elevation
land_surface__y_component_of_gradient_of_elevation
land_surface__x_component_of_gradient_of_slope
land_surface__y_component_of_gradient_of_slope
land_surface__x_derivative_of_elevation
land_surface__y_derivative_of_elevation
 
sea_water_surface__elevation
sea_water_surface__mean_curvature
sea_water_surface__slope

• Note that many of these quantities are defined in terms of first or second derivatives, which requires a certain degree of smoothness (differentiable or twice differentiable). Real topography is generally not this smooth, especially at small scales, but these quantities are nevertheless useful and can be computed from DEMs. In the CSDMS Standard Names, the Object_name + Model_name Pattern indicates that the word "surface" should be inserted in front of the quantity name when the quantity is only defined for some kind of idealized "model" surface. See the Surface template.

• "Specific contributing area" (SCA) is a quantity that can be defined for each point on a mathematical surface as the (upstream) contributing area per unit contour length. "Total contributing area" (TCA) is a quantity obtained from integrating SCA over a line segment, such as the width of a grid cell projected in the direction of the surface gradient. The relationship between TCA and SCA is similar to that between water discharge (Q) and unit-width water discharge (q).

• "contour curvature" is a synonym for "plan curvature". "streamline curvature" is not well-known. See: Peckham (2011).

• See: Aspect, Bathymetry, Curvature, Drainage basin, Elevation, Geomorphometry, Slope and Topography.

• There is an international society called: geomorphometry.org that meets every two years.

Attributes of a Water Tank

  quantity = attribute

  Examples

atmosphere_water__precipitation_duration
atmosphere_water__liquid-equivalent_precipitation_rate
tank_horizontal-cross-section__area
tank_horizontal-cross-section__radius
tank_outlet_cross-section__area
tank_outlet_water__flow_speed
tank_water__depth
tank_water__initial_depth
tank_water__volume

• One of the BMI examples is for a simple model of a cylindrical water tank with an open top that can receive rainfall and a smaller outlet that the water drains from.

• A word like "rainwater_tank", "storage_tank" or "rain_barrel" might be better than "tank", which has alternate meanings.