Summary
Also known as
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Model type
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Single
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Model part of larger framework
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Note on status model
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Date note status model
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Technical specs
Supported platforms
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Unix, Linux, Mac OS, Windows
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Other platform
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Programming language
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Python
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Other program language
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None (but uses NumPy package)
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Code optimized
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Single Processor
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Multiple processors implemented
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Nr of distributed processors
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Nr of shared processors
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Start year development
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2001
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Does model development still take place?
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Yes
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If above answer is no, provide end year model development
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Code development status
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When did you indicate the 'code development status'?
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Model availability
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As code, As teaching tool
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Source code availability (Or provide future intension)
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Through CSDMS repository
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Source web address
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Source csdms web address
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Program license type
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Apache public license
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Program license type other
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Memory requirements
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Standard
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Typical run time
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Minutes to hours
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In/Output
Describe input parameters
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The input variables used for modeling infiltration and unsaturated vertical flow with the 1D Richard's equation are defined as follows:
Ks = saturated hydraulic conductivity (m / s)
Ki = initial hydraulic conductivity (m / s) (typically much less than Ks)
θs = soil water content at ψ = 0 (unitless) (often set to the soil porosity, φ)
θi = initial soil water content (unitless)
θr = residual soil water content (unitless) (must be < θi)
ψB = bubbling pressure head (meters) (also called air-entry pressure, ψae)
ψA = pressure head offset parameter (meters)
λ = pore-size distribution parameter (unitless) (alt. notation = 1/b )
η = 2 + (3 * λ) (unitless) (see Notes)
c = transitional Brooks-Corey curvature parameter (unitless) (see Notes)
dznodes = vertical distance between nodes (meters)
nnodes = number of subsurface vertical nodes
The behavior of this component is controlled with a configuration (CFG) file, which may point to other files that contain input data. Here is a sample configuration (CFG) file for this component:
Method code: 4
Method name: Richards_1D
Number of layers: 3
Time step: Scalar 60.0 (sec)
Ks: Scalar 7.20000010915e-06 (m/s)
Ki: Scalar 9.84968936528e-08 (m/s)
qs: Scalar 0.485 (none)
qi: Scalar 0.375807627781 (none)
qr: Scalar 0.0815254493977 (none)
pB: Scalar -0.785999984741 (m)
pA: Scalar 0.0 (m)
lambda: Scalar 0.188679238493 (none)
c: Scalar 1.0 (none)
dz: Scalar 0.03 (m)
nz: Scalar 20 (none)
Closest soil_type: silt_loam
Ks: Scalar 6.94999995176e-06 (m/s)
Ki: Scalar 3.29297097399e-08 (m/s)
qs: Scalar 0.451 (none)
qi: Scalar 0.328764135306 (none)
qr: Scalar 0.071217406467 (none)
pB: Scalar -0.477999992371 (m)
pA: Scalar 0.0 (m)
lambda: Scalar 0.185528761553 (none)
c: Scalar 1.0 (none)
dz: Scalar 0.03 (m)
nz: Scalar 20 (none)
Closest soil_type: loam
Ks: Scalar 2.45000002906e-06 (m/s)
Ki: Scalar 3.11491927151e-08 (m/s)
qs: Scalar 0.476 (none)
qi: Scalar 0.412771789613 (none)
qr: Scalar 0.15295787535 (none)
pB: Scalar -0.63 (m)
pA: Scalar 0.0 (m)
lambda: Scalar 0.117370885713 (none)
c: Scalar 1.0 (none)
dz: Scalar 0.03 (m)
nz: Scalar 20 (none)
Closest soil_type: clay_loam
Save grid timestep: Scalar 60.00000000 (sec)
Save v0 grids: 0 Case5_2D-v0.rts (m/s)
Save q0 grids: 0 Case5_2D-q0.rts (none)
Save I grids: 0 Case5_2D-I.rts (m)
Save Zw grids: 0 Case5_2D-Zw.rts (m)
Save pixels timestep: Scalar 60.00000000 (sec)
Save v0 pixels: 0 Case5_0D-v0.txt (m/s)
Save q0 pixels: 0 Case5_0D-q0.txt (none)
Save I pixels: 0 Case5_0D-I.txt (m)
Save Zw pixels: 0 Case5_0D-Zw.txt (m)
Save stack timestep: Scalar 60.00000000 (sec)
Save q stacks: 0 Case5_3D-q.rt3 (none)
Save p stacks: 0 Case5_3D-p.rt3 (m)
Save K stacks: 0 Case5_3D-K.rt3 (m/s)
Save v stacks: 0 Case5_3D-v.rt3 (m/s)
Save profile timestep: Scalar 60.00000000 (sec)
Save q profiles: 0 Case5_1D-q.txt (none)
Save p profiles: 0 Case5_1D_p.txt (m)
Save K profiles: 0 Case5_1D_K.txt (m/s)
Save v profiles: 0 Case5_1D_v.txt (m/s)
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Input format
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ASCII, Binary
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Other input format
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Describe output parameters
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Output format
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ASCII, Binary
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Other output format
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Pre-processing software needed?
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Yes
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Describe pre-processing software
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Another program must be used to create the input grids. This includes a D8 flow grid derived from a DEM for the region to be modeled. The earlier, IDL version of TopoFlow can be used to create some of these.
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Post-processing software needed?
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Yes
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Describe post-processing software
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None, except visualization software. Grid sequences saved in netCDF files can be viewed as animations and saved as movies using VisIt.
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Visualization software needed?
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Yes
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If above answer is yes
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Other visualization software
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VisIt
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Process
Describe processes represented by the model
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The Richards 1D method for modeling infiltration.
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Describe key physical parameters and equations
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Equations Used by the 1D Richards' Equation Method
v = K * (1 - ψ_z) = Darcy's Law for vertical flow rate (m / s)
v_z = J - θ_t = conservation of mass, with source/sink term J
Θ_e = (θ - θ_r) / (θ_s - θ_r) = effective saturation or scaled water content (unitless)
θ_r = θ_s ('"`UNIQ--nowiki-00000000-QINU`"'ψ_B'"`UNIQ--nowiki-00000001-QINU`"' / 10000)^λ = residual water content (unitless)
K = K_s * Θ_e^η/λ = hydraulic conductivity (m / s) (see Notes below)
ψ = ψ_B (Θ_e^-c/λ - 1)^1/c - ψ_A = pressure head (meters) (see Notes below)
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Describe length scale and resolution constraints
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Recommended grid cell size is around 100 meters, but can be parameterized to run with a wide range of grid cell sizes. DEM grid dimensions are typically less than 1000 columns by 1000 rows.
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Describe time scale and resolution constraints
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The basic stability condition is: dt < (dx / u_min), where dt is the timestep, dx is the grid cell size and u_min is the smallest velocity in the grid. This ensures that flow cannot cross a grid cell in less than one time step. Typical timesteps are on the order of seconds to minutes. Model can be run for a full year or longer, if necessary.
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Describe any numerical limitations and issues
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This model/component needs more rigorous testing.
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Testing
Describe available calibration data sets
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This model/component is typically not calibrated to fit data, but is run with a best guess or measured value for each input parameter.
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Upload calibration data sets if available:
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Describe available test data sets
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Available test data sets:
- Treynor watershed, in the Nishnabotna River basin, Iowa, USA.
- (Two large rainfall events.)
- Small basin in Kentucky.
- Inclined plane for testing.
- Arctic watershed data from Larry Hinzman (UAF).
- See /data/progs/topoflow/3.0/data on CSDMS cluster.
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Upload test data sets if available:
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Describe ideal data for testing
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Several test datasets are stored on the CSDMS cluster at: /data/progs/topoflow/3.0/data.
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Other
Do you have current or future plans for collaborating with other researchers?
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Collaborators include: Larry Hinzman (UAF), Bob Bolton, Anna Liljedahl (UAF), Stefan Pohl and others
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Is there a manual available?
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Yes
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Upload manual if available:
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Model website if any
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This site.
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Model forum / discussion board
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Comments
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About this component:
- This component was developed as part of the TopoFlow hydrologic model, which was originally written in IDL and had a point-and-click GUI. For more information on TopoFlow, please goto: http://csdms.colorado.edu/wiki/Model:TopoFlow.
- When used from within the CSDMS Modeling Tool (CMT), this component has "config" button which launches a graphical user interface (GUI) for changing input parameters. The GUI is a tabbed dialog with a Help button at the bottom that displays HTML help in a browser window.
- This component also has a configuration (CFG) file, with a name of the form: <case_prefix>_channels_diff_wave.cfg. This file can be edited with a text editor.
- The Numerical Python module (numpy) is used for fast, array-based processing.
- This model has an OpenMI-style interface, similar to OpenMI 2.0. Part of this interface is inherited from "CSDMS_base.py".
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Introduction
History
Papers
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