CSN Examples
CSDMS Standard Names — Examples
- This document provides numerous examples, organized by the main object that is under consideration and its various parts or "subobjects". These examples were moved here from the CSDMS Quantity Templates page on 8/6/14.
- These names are a work in progress and are subject to change. The ones on this page are for Version 0.7.2 of the CSDMS Standard Names.
- A CSDMS Standard Name must have an object part and a quantity part, with adjectives and modifiers (as prefixes) being used to help avoid ambiguity and identify a specific object and a specific, associated quantity. The "quantity part" may include one or more operation prefixes that create a new quantity from an existing quantity.
Variable Names for the Atmosphere
quantity = attribute
object = "atmosphere"
object = "atmosphere_aerosol"
object = "atmosphere_air"
object = "atmosphere_air-column"
object = "atmosphere_air_carbon-dioxide"
object = "atmosphere_air_flow"
object = "atmosphere_air_flow_suspended-sediment"
object = "atmosphere_air_flow_suspended-snow"
object = "atmosphere_air_radiation"
object = "atmosphere_air_radiation_optical-path"
object = "atmosphere_air_water-vapor"
object = "atmosphere_bottom"
object = "atmosphere_bottom_air"
object = "atmosphere_bottom_air_suspended-sediment"
object = "atmosphere_bottom_air_suspended-snow"
object = "atmosphere_carbon-dioxide"
object = "atmosphere_clouds"
object = "atmosphere_top"
object = "atmosphere_water-vapor"
Examples
atmosphere_aerosol_incoming-shortwave-radiation__absorptance atmosphere_aerosol_incoming-shortwave-radiation__absorbed_energy_flux atmosphere_aerosol_incoming-shortwave-radiation__reflectance atmosphere_aerosol_incoming-shortwave-radiation__reflected_energy_flux atmosphere_aerosol_incoming-shortwave-radiation__transmittance atmosphere_aerosol_incoming-shortwave-radiation__transmitted_energy_flux atmosphere_aerosol_outgoing-longwave-radiation__downward_energy_flux (emitted downward) atmosphere_aerosol_outgoing-longwave-radiation__emittance atmosphere_aerosol_outgoing-longwave-radiation__upward_energy_flux (emitted upward) atmosphere_aerosol_dust__reduction_of_transmittance (as compared to when there is no dust) atmosphere_air__anomaly_of_pressure (anomaly = difference from climatology) atmosphere_air__anomaly_of_temperature atmosphere_air__convective_available_potential_energy (CAPE) atmosphere_air__equivalent_potential_temperature atmosphere_air__equivalent_temperature atmosphere_air__heat_capacity_ratio (Cp / Cv = cp / cv) atmosphere_air__increment_of_pressure (i.e. change after one time step) atmosphere_air__increment_of_temperature atmosphere_air__isentropic_compressibility atmosphere_air__isothermal_compressibility atmosphere_air__mass-per-volume_density atmosphere_air__mass-specific_isobaric_heat_capacity (isobaric = constant pressure) atmosphere_air__mass-specific_isochoric_heat_capacity (isochoric = constant volume) atmosphere_air__potential_temperature atmosphere_air__static_pressure (i.e. weight of the air above) atmosphere_air__static_pressure_environmental_lapse_rate ### (or standard_pressure_lapse_rate ?) atmosphere_air__temperature atmosphere_air__temperature_dry_adiabatic_lapse_rate ## ( ELR = minus_of_z_derivative_of_temperature) atmosphere_air__temperature_environmental_lapse_rate ## (based on the International Standard Atmosphere, with no moisture.) atmosphere_air__temperature_saturated_adiabatic_lapse_rate atmosphere_air__thermal_conductivity atmosphere_air__thermal_diffusivity atmosphere_air__thermal_inertia atmosphere_air__thermal_resistivity (reciprocal of thermal_conductivity) atmosphere_air__volume-specific_isobaric_heat_capacity (isobaric = constant pressure) atmosphere_air__volume-specific_isochoric_heat_capacity (isochoric = constant volume) atmosphere_air__azimuth_angle_of_gradient_of_temperature atmosphere_air__east_derivative_of_temperature atmosphere_air__elevation_angle_of_gradient_of_temperature atmosphere_air__magnitude_of_gradient_of_temperature atmosphere_air__north_derivative_of_temperature atmosphere_air__x_derivative_of_temperature atmosphere_air__y_derivative_of_temperature atmosphere_air__z_derivative_of_temperature atmosphere_air-column_acetic-acid__mass-per-area_density (called "mass content" in CF names. Also called "mass column density".) atmosphere_air-column_aceto-nitrile__mass-per-area_density atmosphere_air-column_alkanes__mass-per-area_density atmosphere_air-column_alkenes__mass-per-area_density atmosphere_air-column_alpha-hexachlorocyclohexane__mass-per-area_density atmosphere_air-column_alpha-pinene__mass-per-area_density atmosphere_air-column_ammonia__mass-per-area_density atmosphere_air-column_ammonium-dry-aerosol__mass-per-area_density atmosphere_air-column_water-vapor__mass-per-area_density ### The rest of the 90 or so atmospheric constituents in the CF names will be added soon. atmosphere_air-column_water-vapor__liquid-equivalent_depth (also called "precipitable depth"; see Note below) atmosphere_air_carbon-dioxide__equilibrium_partial_pressure atmosphere_air_carbon-dioxide__partial_pressure atmosphere_air_carbon-dioxide__relative_saturation atmosphere_air_carbon-dioxide__saturated_partial_pressure atmosphere_air_flow__azimuth_angle_of_bolus_velocity atmosphere_air_flow__east_component_of_bolus_velocity atmosphere_air_flow__elevation_angle_of_bolus_velocity atmosphere_air_flow__magnitude_of_bolus_velocity atmosphere_air_flow__north_component_of_bolus_velocity atmosphere_air_flow__up_component_of_bolus_velocity atmosphere_air_flow__x_component_of_bolus_velocity atmosphere_air_flow__y_component_of_bolus_velocity atmosphere_air_flow__z_component_of_bolus_velocity atmosphere_air_flow__azimuth_angle_of_gradient_of_potential_vorticity (##### Ertel's potential vorticity; add "ertel_" ??) atmosphere_air_flow__east_derivative_of_potential_vorticity atmosphere_air_flow__elevation_angle_of_gradient_of_potential_vorticity atmosphere_air_flow__magnitude_of_gradient_of_potential_vorticity atmosphere_air_flow__north_derivative_of_potential_vorticity atmosphere_air_flow__x_derivative_of_potential_vorticity atmosphere_air_flow__y_derivative_of_potential_vorticity atmosphere_air_flow__z_derivative_of_potential_vorticity atmosphere_air_flow__azimuth_angle_of_gradient_of_pressure (static, dynamic or total ?) ######### atmosphere_air_flow__east_derivative_of_pressure atmosphere_air_flow__elevation_angle_of_gradient_of_pressure atmosphere_air_flow__magnitude_of_gradient_of_pressure atmosphere_air_flow__north_derivative_of_pressure atmosphere_air_flow__x_derivative_of_pressure atmosphere_air_flow__y_derivative_of_pressure atmosphere_air_flow__z_derivative_of_pressure atmosphere_air_flow__azimuth_angle_of_momentum atmosphere_air_flow__east_component_of_momentum atmosphere_air_flow__elevation_angle_of_momentum atmosphere_air_flow__magnitude_of_momentum atmosphere_air_flow__north_component_of_momentum atmosphere_air_flow__up_component_of_momentum atmosphere_air_flow__x_component_of_momentum atmosphere_air_flow__y_component_of_momentum atmosphere_air_flow__z_component_of_momentum atmosphere_air_flow__z_integral_of_u_component_of_momentum atmosphere_air_flow__z_integral_of_v_component_of_momentum atmosphere_air_flow__azimuth_angle_of_velocity atmosphere_air_flow__east_component_of_velocity atmosphere_air_flow__elevation_angle_of_velocity atmosphere_air_flow__magnitude_of_velocity atmosphere_air_flow__north_component_of_velocity atmosphere_air_flow__x_component_of_velocity atmosphere_air_flow__y_component_of_velocity atmosphere_air_flow__z_component_of_velocity atmosphere_air_flow__azimuth_angle_of_vorticity atmosphere_air_flow__east_component_of_vorticity atmosphere_air_flow__elevation_angle_of_vorticity atmosphere_air_flow__magnitude_of_bolus_vorticity atmosphere_air_flow__north_component_of_vorticity atmosphere_air_flow__x_component_of_vorticity atmosphere_air_flow__y_component_of_vorticity atmosphere_air_flow__z_component_of_vorticity atmosphere_air_flow__east_east_component_of_reynolds_stress atmosphere_air_flow__east_north_component_of_reynolds_stress atmosphere_air_flow__east_up_component_of_reynolds_stress atmosphere_air_flow__north_north_component_of_reynolds_stress atmosphere_air_flow__north_up_component_of_reynolds_stress atmosphere_air_flow__up_up_component_of_reynolds_stress atmosphere_air_flow__x_x_component_of_reynolds_stress atmosphere_air_flow__x_y_component_of_reynolds_stress atmosphere_air_flow__x_z_component_of_reynolds_stress atmosphere_air_flow__y_y_component_of_reynolds_stress atmosphere_air_flow__y_z_component_of_reynolds_stress atmosphere_air_flow__z_z_component_of_reynolds_stress atmosphere_air_flow__east_east_component_of_stress atmosphere_air_flow__east_north_component_of_stress atmosphere_air_flow__east_up_component_of_stress atmosphere_air_flow__north_north_component_of_stress atmosphere_air_flow__north_up_component_of_stress atmosphere_air_flow__up_up_component_of_stress atmosphere_air_flow__x_x_component_of_stress atmosphere_air_flow__x_y_component_of_stress atmosphere_air_flow__x_z_component_of_stress atmosphere_air_flow__y_y_component_of_stress atmosphere_air_flow__y_z_component_of_stress atmosphere_air_flow__z_z_component_of_stress atmosphere_air_flow__bulk_richardson_number atmosphere_air_flow__dynamic_pressure atmosphere_air_flow__magnitude_of_stress #### atmosphere_air_flow__obukhov_length ### (should we insert "boundary-layer" in object part?) atmosphere_air_flow__potential_vorticity ### (a scalar quantity, the dot product of potential temperature and absolute vorticity) atmosphere_air_flow__flux_richardson_number atmosphere_air_flow__gradient_richardson_number atmosphere_air_flow__time_derivative_of_potential_vorticity atmosphere_air_flow__total_pressure atmosphere_air_flow_suspended-sediment__mass_concentration atmosphere_air_flow_suspended-sediment__volume_concentration atmosphere_air_flow_suspended-snow__mass_concentration atmosphere_air_flow_suspended-snow__volume_concentration atmosphere_air_radiation__beer_lambert_law_attenuation_coefficient atmosphere_air_radiation__standard_refraction_index (i.e. "standard" is based on a particular wavelength in the yellow visible range) atmosphere_air_radiation_optical-path__length ### (also called "air mass"; shorten optical-path to path ??) atmosphere_air_water-vapor__dew_point_temperature atmosphere_air_water-vapor__equilibrium_partial_pressure atmosphere_air_water-vapor__frost_point_temperature atmosphere_air_water-vapor__mass-per-volume_density ### (usually called "absolute humidity" or "water vapor density" = mass of water per unit volume) atmosphere_air_water-vapor__mixing_ratio atmosphere_air_water-vapor__partial_pressure ### (also called "vapor pressure" in meteorology) atmosphere_air_water-vapor__psychrometric_constant (varies between 0.00058 and 0.000648) atmosphere_air_water-vapor__relative_saturation atmosphere_air_water-vapor__saturated_partial_pressure ### (also called "saturation vapor pressure" in meteorology) atmosphere_air_water-vapor__virtual_potential_temperature atmosphere_air_water-vapor__virtual_temperature atmosphere_bottom_air__advection_heat_flux ### (e.g. carried by rain from atmosphere to land surface) atmosphere_bottom_air__bulk_latent_heat_aerodynamic_conductance [m s-1] atmosphere_bottom_air__bulk_latent_heat_transfer_coefficient [dimensionless] ### (add "surface" after "bottom" ??) atmosphere_bottom_air__bulk_momentum_aerodynamic_conductance [m s-1] atmosphere_bottom_air__bulk_momentum_transfer_coefficient [dimensionless] atmosphere_bottom_air__bulk_sensible_heat_aerodynamic_conductance [m s-1] atmosphere_bottom_air__bulk_sensible_heat_transfer_coefficient [dimensionless] atmosphere_bottom_air__emissivity [dimensionless] (for computing longwave radiation from the air toward the land surface) atmosphere_bottom_air__mass-per-volume_density atmosphere_bottom_air__neutral_bulk_latent_heat_transfer_coefficient [dimensionless] ### (add "surface" after "bottom" ??) atmosphere_bottom_air__neutral_bulk_momentum_transfer_coefficient [dimensionless] atmosphere_bottom_air__neutral_bulk_sensible_heat_transfer_coefficient [dimensionless] atmosphere_bottom_air__static_pressure atmosphere_bottom_air__temperature atmosphere_bottom_air_carbon-dioxide__equilibrium_partial_pressure atmosphere_bottom_air_carbon-dioxide__partial_pressure atmosphere_bottom_air_carbon-dioxide__relative_saturation atmosphere_bottom_air_carbon-dioxide__saturated_partial_pressure atmosphere_bottom_air_flow__dynamic_pressure atmosphere_bottom_air_flow__log_law_displacement_length ### (or "zero-plane displacement") atmosphere_bottom_air_flow__log_law_roughness_length ### can involve buildings, snowpack, terrain and vegetation. atmosphere_bottom_air_flow__total_pressure atmosphere_bottom_air_heat_flow__log_law_roughness_length (See: Log wind profile.) atmosphere_bottom_air_water-vapor_flow__log_law_roughness_length atmosphere_bottom_air_flow__x_component_of_velocity (i.e. surface wind) atmosphere_bottom_air_flow__y_component_of_velocity atmosphere_bottom_air_flow__z_component_of_velocity atmosphere_bottom_air_flow_buildings__log_law_roughness_length #### (i.e. z0. "log_law" is added for clarity. See: Roughness length.) atmosphere_bottom_air_flow_snowpack__log_law_roughness_length atmosphere_bottom_air_flow_terrain__log_law_roughness_length atmosphere_bottom_air_flow_vegetation__log_law_roughness_length atmosphere_bottom_air_land_incoming-latent-heat__energy_flux [W m-2] atmosphere_bottom_air_land_incoming-sensible-heat__energy_flux [W m-2] atmosphere_bottom_air_land_net-latent-heat__energy_flux [W m-2] (via mass transport, such as evaporation and condensation; net = incoming-outgoing to surface) atmosphere_bottom_air_land_net-sensible-heat__energy_flux [W m-2] (via conduction) atmosphere_bottom_air_water-vapor__bulk_mass_aerodynamic_conductance [m s-1] ### (Maybe not needed; see bulk_latent_heat_aerodynamic_conductance above.) atmosphere_bottom_air_water-vapor__bulk_mass_transfer_coefficient [dimensionless] ### (Maybe not needed; see bulk_latent_heat_transfer_coefficient above.) atmosphere_bottom_air_water-vapor__dew_point_temperature atmosphere_bottom_air_water-vapor__equilibrium_partial_pressure (also called "equilibrium vapor pressure" in meteorology; see Pressure) atmosphere_bottom_air_water-vapor__frost_point_temperature atmosphere_bottom_air_water-vapor__mass-per-volume_density ### (usually called "absolute humidity" or "water vapor density" = mass of water per unit volume) atmosphere_bottom_air_water-vapor__neutral_bulk_mass_transfer_coefficient [dimensionless] atmosphere_bottom_air_water-vapor__partial_pressure (also called "vapor pressure" in meteorology; see Pressure) atmosphere_bottom_air_water-vapor__relative_saturation (usually called "relative humidity") atmosphere_bottom_air_water-vapor__saturated_partial_pressure (usually called "saturated vapor pressure") atmosphere_clouds_incoming-shortwave-radiation__absorptance atmosphere_clouds_incoming-shortwave-radiation__absorbed_energy_flux atmosphere_clouds_incoming-shortwave-radiation__reflectance atmosphere_clouds_incoming-shortwave-radiation__reflected_energy_flux atmosphere_clouds_incoming-shortwave-radiation__transmittance atmosphere_clouds_incoming-shortwave-radiation__transmitted_energy_flux (to land surface) atmosphere_clouds_outgoing-longwave-radiation__downward_energy_flux (emitted downward) atmosphere_clouds_outgoing-longwave-radiation__emittance atmosphere_clouds_outgoing-longwave-radiation__upward_energy_flux (emitted upward) atmosphere_ice__mass-per-volume_density atmosphere_ice__precipitation_duration atmosphere_ice__precipitation_volume_flux atmosphere_incoming-shortwave-radiation__absorptance atmosphere_incoming-shortwave-radiation__absorbed_energy_flux (by the atmosphere, i.e. by air, aerosols, clouds, etc.) atmosphere_incoming-shortwave-radiation__reflectance atmosphere_incoming-shortwave-radiation__reflected_energy_flux (by aerosols or clouds, back into space) atmosphere_incoming-shortwave-radiation__transmittance atmosphere_incoming-shortwave-radiation__transmitted_energy_flux (sent down to land surface) atmosphere_mean-sea-level-datum_air__static_pressure atmosphere_mean-sea-level-datum_air_flow__dynamic_pressure atmosphere_mean-sea-level-datum_air_flow__total_pressure atmosphere_raindrop__fall_speed atmosphere_raindrop__terminal_fall_speed atmosphere_snow__mass-per-volume_density atmosphere_snow__precipitation_duration atmosphere_snow__precipitation_volume_flux atmosphere_top_incoming-longwave-radiation__energy_flux atmosphere_top_incoming-shortwave-radiation__energy_flux atmosphere_top_incoming-total-radiation__energy_flux atmosphere_top_outgoing-longwave-radiation__energy_flux atmosphere_top_outgoing-shortwave-radiation__energy_flux atmosphere_top_outgoing-total-radiation__energy_flux atmosphere_water__domain_time_integral_of_precipitation_leq-volume_flux (i.e. over grid cell area and time. Here "water" includes frozen or liquid.) atmosphere_water__mass-per-volume_density ### (regardless whether frozen or liquid?) atmosphere_water__one-day_time_integral_of_precipitation_leq-volume_flux atmosphere_water__one-hour_time_integral_of_precipitation_leq-volume_flux atmosphere_water__one-month_time_integral_of_precipitation_leq-volume_flux atmosphere_water__one-year_time_integral_of_precipitation_leq-volume_flux atmosphere_water__precipitation_duration atmosphere_water__precipitation_leq-volume_flux ######### ?? atmosphere_water__precipitation_mass_flux
- In the examples above, the word "flow" is a shorthand for "flow_field", a mathematical model and 3D vector field. This is an example of the Object Name + Model Name Pattern.
- The standard name "atmosphere_air-column_water_vapor" + "liquid-equivalent_depth" is sometimes called "precipitable water depth", "precipitable depth" or "total precipitable water". Alternate standard name constructions would be: "atmosphere_air_water-vapor" + "z_integral_from_bottom_to_top_of_volume_fraction" or "atmosphere_air-column_water-vapor" + "volume-per-area_density" or "atmosphere_air_water-vapor" + "column_density". However, the chosen name seems to be the best choice because "air column", "ice column", "soil column" and "water column" are familiar objects/concepts (try and internet search) and follow speech and it is helpful to indicate the necessary conversion from water-vapor to liquid with "liquid-equivalent" and the word "depth" is an appropriate base quantity. The hyphens bind the words to create one distinct object name. For the total mass of a substance in the air column, the standard name follows the pattern: "atmosphere_air-column_X" + "mass-per-area_density", where X is a substance name. In this case the concept of "liquid-equivalent" isn't needed, even for water vapor. In the CF Standard Names, the nonstandard term "mass_content" is used instead of "mass-per-area_density", with no reference to the "air column".
- Note that "air_flow" takes the place of the word "wind", for cross-domain consistency. For example, "sea_water_flow" is analogous to "atmosphere_air_flow".
- The "mean-sea-level-datum" is an idealized or "model" surface at which measurements can be made. This is an example of the Object Name + Model Name Pattern.
- "Air" is a particular mixture of gases that makes up the atmosphere of the Earth. However, for another planet, like Mars, we could use: "mars_atmosphere_air".
- There is a distinction between "static pressure" and "dynamic pressure". The first results from the weight of fluid above a location (called "hydrostatic" when the fluid is water) while the second is the kinetic energy per unit volume of a fluid flow. The "total pressure" is the sum of these two contributions. See: Bernoulli's principle, Dynamic pressure, Pressure, Stagnation pressure and Static pressure.
- According to Wikipedia: "In meteorology, the term "vapor pressure" is used to mean the partial pressure of water vapor in the atmosphere, even if it is not in equilibrium, and the term "equilibrium vapor pressure" is specified otherwise." See: Vapor pressure. In the CSDMS Standard Names, the standard names are therefore: "atmosphere_air_water-vapor" + "partial_pressure" and "atmosphere_air_water-vapor" + "equilibrium_partial_pressure".
- See: Partial pressure, Vapor pressure.
- See: Attenuation coefficient, Electromagnetic radiation, Knudsen number, Lapse rate, Mean free path, Optical path and Optical path length.
- The word "radiation" is overloaded and is used in 2 different ways. It is used as a synonym for "electromagnetic waves" as well as for the process where something "radiates" energy. In the first case it will appear in the object part of the name, and in the second case in the quantity part of the name.
Variable Names for Atoms
quantity = attribute
quantity = "atomic_mass"
quantity = "emission_frequency"
quantity = "relative_atomic_mass" (dimensionless ratio to carbon-12)
quantity = "mass_number" (number of protons + neutrons)
quantity = "neutron_number" (number of neutrons)
quantity = "proton_number" (number of protons)
Examples
carbon_isotope__neutron_number (use "isotope" like this ??) cesium_atom__mass_number cesium_atom__neutron_number cesium_atom__proton_number cesium_atom__relative_atomic_mass
- There is controversy over the term "atomic_weight" and the term "relative_atomic_mass" seems preferable and more precise.
- While "atomic number" is a standard term, the synonym "proton_number" is winning favor because it is more specific and because "neutron_number" is also used.
- A specific frequency in the emission spectrum of cesium-133 is used for the ISU definition of the "second", so cesium is used in atomic clocks. It is not really a characteristic vibration frequency of the atom. (But molecules do have vibration frequencies; see Variable Names for Molecules below.) It is a transition or resonance frequency between two hyperfine ground states of cesium-133. A CSDMS standard name for this frequency could be something like: "cesium-133_isotope_state1_to_state2_hyperfine_transition_frequency", where "state1" and "state2" would be replaced with appropriate names for the two states involved.
- See the CSDMS Object Template for Atoms, Compounds, Ions and Molecules below for more information.
Variable Names for Automobiles
quantity = attribute
object = "automobile"
object = "automobile_alternator"
object = "automobile_battery"
object = "automobile_bottom"
object = "automobile_bumper"
object = "automobile_chassis"
object = "automobile_dashboard"
object = "automobile_differential"
object = "automobile_distributor"
object = "automobile_door"
object = "automobile_driver"
object = "automobile_engine"
object = "automobile_frame"
object = "automobile_engine_camshaft"
object = "automobile_engine_camshaft_sprocket"
object = "automobile_engine_crankshaft"
object = "automobile_engine_crankshaft_sprocket"
object = "automobile_engine_cylinder"
object = "automobile_engine_cylinder_piston"
object = "automobile_engine_cylinder_piston_connecting-rod"
object = "automobile_engine_cylinder_spark-plug"
object = "automobile_engine_cylinder_valves"
object = "automobile_exhaust-system"
object = "automobile_fan_belt"
object = "automobile_front"
object = "automobile_front_axle"
object = "automobile_fuel"
object = "automobile_fuel_tank"
object = "automobile_headlight"
object = "automobile_hood"
object = "automobile_muffler"
object = "automobile_radiator"
object = "automobile_rear"
object = "automobile_rear_axle"
object = "automobile_seatbelt"
object = "automobile_steering-box"
object = "automobile_steering-wheel"
object = "automobile_suspension"
object = "automobile_tire"
object = "automobile_top"
object = "automobile_transmission"
object = "automobile_wheel"
object = "automobile_windshield"
Examples:
automobile__0-to-60mph_acceleration_time (seconds) automobile__acceleration automobile__braking_distance automobile__braking_force automobile__cargo_capacity (a volume; use the word "volume" ?) automobile__drag_coefficient automobile__length automobile__lift_coefficient automobile__manufacture_year automobile__mass automobile__msrp-price automobile__new-price automobile__safety_rating automobile__speed automobile__top_speed automobile__total_stopping_distance (perception-reaction + braking) automobile__total_stopping_time automobile__turning_radius automobile__vehicle_identification_number automobile__weight (or "earth_weight") automobile__wheelbase_length automobile__width automobile__x_component_of_velocity automobile__y_component_of_velocity automobile__z_component_of_velocity automobile_battery__height automobile_battery__length automobile_battery__voltage automobile_battery__weight automobile_battery__width automobile_bottom__approach_angle automobile_bottom__breakover_angle automobile_bottom__departure_angle automobile_bottom_ground__clearance_height ## (also called "ride height") automobile_bumper__height automobile_carbon-dioxide__emission_rate (by mass?) automobile_door__count automobile_driver__reaction_distance automobile_driver__reaction_time automobile_engine__max_output_power automobile_engine__power-to-weight_ratio automobile_engine_crankshaft__rotation_rate (measured with RPMs, revolutions per minute) automobile_engine_crankshaft__torque (often expressed as "horsepower") automobile_engine_cylinder__count automobile_engine_cylinder__diameter ### (called the "cylinder bore") automobile_engine_cylinder__length (or depth ??) automobile_engine_cylinder__stroke_ratio (i.e. cylinder diameter to piston stroke length) automobile_engine_cylinder__volume automobile_engine_cylinder_piston__diameter automobile_engine_cylinder_piston__stroke_length automobile_front_axle_weight ## (still ambiguous; could also be weight of the axle itself.) automobile_front_x-section__area automobile_fuel__economy (measured as "miles per gallon") ### use "engine_fuel" vs. "fuel" ?? automobile_fuel__consumption_rate automobile_fuel__volume automobile_fuel_tank__volume automobile_rear_axle__weight ## (still ambiguous; could also be weight of the axle itself.) automobile_seat_belt__count ## (often determines the legal max number of passengers) automobile_tire__contact_area automobile_tire__diameter automobile_tire__inflation_pressure automobile_vertical-axis__rotational_inertia automobile_wheel__camber_angle automobile_wheel__camber_force automobile_wheel__caster_angle automobile_wheel__diameter automobile_wheelbase__distance (between centers of front and rear wheels; "track" is sometimes used for distance between the front or rear wheels)
- There are an almost endless number of quantities that can be associated with an automobile and is various parts. The purpose of this section is not to be exhaustive but to provide examples -- or a "scoping exercise" -- to help assess the robustness of the patterns and naming conventions of the CSDMS Standard Names.
- The term "automobile" is fairly general and includes: cars, jeeps, SUVs, trucks, etc.
- The term "motor vehicle" is generally used to include automobiles and motorcycles, etc.
- The word "vehicle" is the most general, and includes airplanes, ships, trains, etc.
- In the examples above, we are assuming the vehicle has in internal combustion engine (ICE), as opposed to an electric vehicle (EV). Perhaps this should also be indicated.
- There is a distinction between sprockets and gears -- sprockets are never meshed together directly; they use a roller chain or track. So "camshaft_sprocket" and "crankshaft_sprocket" are correct.
- What about: Stopping sight distance? It involves the roadway, vehicle and driver.
- Moving vehicles (e.g. cars and planes) have 3 natural, orthogonal axes with their center of mass at the origin: a longitudinal axis, lateral axis and vertical axis. For airplanes, these are also called the roll, pitch and yaw axes, respectively. The longitudinal axis lies in the vehicle's longitudinal plane of symmetry (or left-right symmetry plane) and is everywhere equidistant from the ground (if it is horizontal and planar). If the vehicle is not drifting or skidding, then this will also be the direction of motion. However, a car's "roll axis" is tilted (due to braking?), so it is lower toward the front and higher toward the rear of the car. Is a car's "centerline" well-defined?
- Many additional variable names can be found in the List of Symbols of: Gillespie, T.D. (1992) Fundamentals of Vehicle Dynamics, Society of Automotive Engineers, Warrendale, PA, 495 pp.
- See: Bore, Braking distance, Camshaft, Center of mass, Crankshaft, Cylinder (engine), Differential, Moment of inertia, Power-to-weight ratio, Stroke ratio, Vehicle Identification Number, Vehicular metrics and Wheelbase.
Variable Names for Basins
quantity = attribute
object = "basin"
object = "basin_boundary"
object = "basin_burned-land"
object = "basin_centroid"
object = "basin_channels"
object = "basin_channel-network" ### for Horton ratios, etc. ??
object = "basin_forested-land"
object = "basin_longest-channel"
object = "basin_longest-channel_centerline"
object = "basin_main-channel"
object = "basin_outlet"
object = "basin_outlet_channel"
object = "basin_outlet_channel_x-section"
object = "basin_outlet_left-bank"
object = "basin_outlet_right-bank"
object = "basin_outlet_water"
object = "basin_outlet_water_suspended-sediment"
object = "basin_rain-gauge"
object = "basin_sediment"
object = "basin_soil"
object = "basin_sources"
object = "basin_terminal-outlet"
object = "basin_weather-station"
Examples
basin__area basin__d8_total_contributing_area (i.e. upstream, contributing area) basin__d-infinity_total_contributing_area basin__flint_law_exponent (vs. "flint_law_concavity_exponent") basin__flint_law_coefficient (vs. "flint_law_steepness_parameter") basin__mass-flux_total_contributing_area #### basin__max_of_elevation basin__mean_of_elevation basin__min_of_elevation basin__range_of_elevation (also called the "relief") basin_boundary__circularity_shape_factor basin_boundary__sqrt_of_area_over_diameter_shape_factor ########## basin_boundary__diameter basin_boundary__perimeter basin_burned-land__area_fraction basin_centroid__elevation basin_centroid__latitude basin_centroid__longitude basin_channel-network__horton_bifurcation_ratio basin_channel-network__pfafstetter_code basin_channel-network__shreve_magnitude (or water_channel-network_source__count ??) basin_channel-network__total_length basin_channel-network__total-length-to-area_ratio ### (usually called "drainage density") basin_channel-network__usgs_hydrologic_unit_code basin_channel-network_graph__diameter (i.e. path to root with greatest number of links) basin_forested-land__area_fraction basin_longest-channel__hack_law_coefficient basin_longest-channel__hack_law_exponent basin_longest-channel__length basin_longest-channel_centerline__downvalley_sinuosity basin_longest-channel_centerline__sinuosity basin_outlet__bankfull-width basin_outlet_center__elevation basin_outlet_center__latitude basin_outlet_center__longitude basin_outlet_channel_bottom__slope basin_outlet_left-bank__latitude basin_outlet_left-bank__longitude basin_outlet_right-bank__latitude basin_outlet_right-bank__longitude basin_outlet_sediment__yield basin_outlet_water_flow__half_of_fanning_friction_factor basin_outlet_water_x-section__mean_depth basin_outlet_water_x-section__volume_flow_rate # (usually called "discharge") basin_outlet_water_x-section__time_integral_of_volume_flow_rate basin_outlet_water_x-section__time_max_of_mean_depth basin_outlet_water_x-section__time_max_of_volume_flow_rate basin_outlet_water_x-section__time_max_of_volume_flux basin_outlet_water_x-section__volume_flux # (usually called "mean flow speed" or similar) basin_outlet_water_x-section__peak_time_of_depth # (for any depth, including mean depth) basin_outlet_water_x-section__peak_time_of_volume_flow_rate basin_outlet_water_x-section__peak_time_of_volume_flux basin_outlet_water_x-section__width-to-depth_ratio basin_outlet_water_x-section_top__width basin_outlet_water_bedload-sediment__mass_flow_rate basin_outlet_water_bedload-sediment__volume_flow_rate basin_outlet_water_suspended-sediment__mass_flow_rate basin_outlet_water_suspended-sediment__volume_flow_rate basin_outlet_water_washload-sediment__mass_flow_rate basin_outlet_water_washload-sediment__volume_flow_rate basin_rain-gauge__count basin_sources__number-per-area_density basin_terminal-outlet_water__mass_flow_rate ### (here "terminal" indicates an outlet that drains to the ultimate receiving water body, e.g. the sea) basin_terminal-outlet_water__volume_flow_rate basin_weather-station__count
- The expressions "drainage basin", "river basin", "catchment" and "watershed" are synonyms, but the word "watershed" means "drainage divide" in English speaking countries other than the US. The word "catchment" has another meaning in Human Geography.
- For the CSDMS Standard Names, the word "basin" was chosen to represent "drainage basin". In order to avoid ambiguity, however, other names will need to be used for other types of basins. For example, "ocean-basin', 'sedimentary-basin' and "structural-basin" (or "geologic_basin") could be used, with hyphens.
- "basin_boundary" seems better than "basin_drainage_divide". We could introduce "basin_interior" also, if needed.
- "basin_polygon" would be another example of our Object_name + Model_name Pattern.
- See: Drainage basin, Endorheic basin, Oceanic basin, Pull apart basin, Sedimentary basin, Structural basin and Tropical cyclone basins.
Variable Names for Bedrock
quantity = attribute
object = "bedrock"
object = "bedrock_material"
object = "bedrock_surface"
object = "bedrock_surface_sediment"
Examples
bedrock__mass-per-volume_density bedrock__permeability bedrock__uplift_rate [mm yr-1] bedrock_below-land-surface__depth bedrock_material__poisson_ratio bedrock_material__youngs_modulus bedrock_surface__elevation bedrock_surface__slope bedrock_surface__time_derivative_of_elevation bedrock_surface__time_derivative_of_slope bedrock_surface__x_derivative_of_elevation bedrock_surface__x_derivative_of_slope bedrock_surface__y_derivative_of_elevation bedrock_surface__y_derivative_of_slope bedrock_surface_land-mask__elevation bedrock_surface_sea-mask__elevation
- Bedrock is consolidated rock that is usually covered by soil on land and by sediment on the sea floor. Outcrops are places where the bedrock is exposed.
- Bedrock may be igneous, sedimentary or metamorphic. Igneous bedrock may be classified as plutonic (gabbro or granite) or volcanic (basalt or rhyolite). Sedimentary rock may be classified as clastic (sandstone or shale) or chemical (limestone). Metamorphic rock may be classified as foliated (slate or schist) or nonfoliated (quartzite or marble).
Variable Names for Channels
quantity = attribute
object = "channel_bank"
object = "channel_bank_soil"
object = "channel_bank_water"
object = "channel_bottom" ### (used instead of "channel_bed")
object = "channel_bottom_water"
object = "channel_bottom_water_flow"
object = "channel_bottom_water_sediment"
object = "channel_bottom_sediment"
object = "channel_bottom_sediment_grain"
object = "channel_bottom_surface"
object = "channel_centerline"
object = "channel_centerline_endpoints"
object = "channel_entrance"
object = "channel_entrance_center" (center or centroid ??)
object = "channel_entrance_water"
object = "channel_entrance_basin"
object = "channel_exit"
object = "channel_exit_center" (center or centroid ??)
object = "channel_exit_water"
object = "channel_exit_basin"
object = "channel_water"
object = "channel_water_bedload-sediment"
object = "channel_water_diffusive-wave"
object = "channel_water_flow"
object = "channel_water_hydraulic-jump"
object = "channel_water_kinematic-wave"
object = "channel_water_photosynthetic-oxygen"
object = "channel_water_sediment_grain"
object = "channel_water_standing-wave"
object = "channel_water_suspended-sediment"
object = "channel_water_top_surface"
object = "channel_water_total-sediment"
object = "channel_water_washload-sediment"
object = "channel_water_surface"
object = "channel_weir"
object = "channel_x-section"
object = "channel_x-section_centroid"
object = "channel_x-section_top"
object = "channel_x-section_trapezoid"
object = "channel_x-section_trapezoid_left-bank"
object = "channel_x-section_trapezoid_right-bank"
object = "channel_x-section_water"
Examples
channel__downstream_hydraulic_geometry_depth_vs_discharge_coefficient ### (add the word "law" ??) channel__downstream_hydraulic_geometry_depth_vs_discharge_exponent channel__downstream_hydraulic_geometry_slope_vs_discharge_coefficient channel__downstream_hydraulic_geometry_slope_vs_discharge_exponent channel__downstream_hydraulic_geometry_speed_vs_discharge_coefficient channel__downstream_hydraulic_geometry_speed_vs_discharge_exponent channel__downstream_hydraulic_geometry_width_vs_discharge_coefficient channel__downstream_hydraulic_geometry_width_vs_discharge_exponent channel__station_hydraulic_geometry_depth_vs_discharge_coefficient channel__station_hydraulic_geometry_depth_vs_discharge_exponent channel__station_hydraulic_geometry_slope_vs_discharge_coefficient channel__station_hydraulic_geometry_slope_vs_discharge_exponent channel__station_hydraulic_geometry_speed_vs_discharge_coefficient channel__station_hydraulic_geometry_speed_vs_discharge_exponent channel__station_hydraulic_geometry_width_vs_discharge_coefficient channel__station_hydraulic_geometry_width_vs_discharge_exponent channel__meander_amplitude ("meander" is treated as a process name vs. an object) channel__meander_curvature_radius channel__meander_migration_rate channel__meander_wavelength channel_bank_sediment_water__saturated_hydraulic_conductivity ### (for PIHM. use soil or sediment here ??) channel_bank_water__volume-per-length_flow_rate ("lateral flow" into side of channel) channel_bottom_sediment__thickness channel_bottom_sediment_grain__d50_diameter (same as "median diameter") channel_bottom_sediment_grain__d84_diameter channel_bottom_sediment_dissolved-oxygen__consumption_rate channel_bottom_sediment_water__saturated_hydraulic_conductivity (for PIHM) channel_bottom_surface__cross-stream_derivative_of_elevation ### (or allow "cross-stream_slope" ?) channel_bottom_surface__downstream_derivative_of_elevation ### (or allow "downstream_slope" ?) channel_bottom_surface__slope channel_bottom_surface__x_derivative_of_elevation channel_bottom_surface__y_derivative_of_elevation channel_bottom_water__static_pressure channel_bottom_water__temperature channel_bottom_water_flow__domain_max_of_log_law_roughness_length channel_bottom_water_flow__domain_min_of_log_law_roughness_length channel_bottom_water_flow__dynamic_pressure channel_bottom_water_flow__log_law_roughness_length (i.e. z0. See: Roughness length.) channel_bottom_water_flow__magnitude_of_shear_stress channel_bottom_water_flow__relative_roughness_ratio (dimensionless ratio of z0 roughness length to water depth; maybe: log_law_z0_length ??) ##### channel_bottom_water_flow__relative_smoothness_ratio (dimensionless ratio of water depth to z0 roughness length) ##### channel_bottom_water_flow__shear_speed (shear speed = magnitude of shear velocity) channel_bottom_water_flow__speed #### (use "near-bottom" vs. "bottom" ??) channel_bottom_water_flow__total_pressure channel_bottom_water_flow__x_component_of_shear_velocity channel_bottom_water_flow__x_component_of_velocity channel_bottom_water_flow__y_component_of_shear_velocity channel_bottom_water_flow__y_component_of_velocity channel_bottom_water_flow_sediment_grain__shields_critical_shear_stress (to initiate transport grains of a given size) channel_bottom_water_flow_sediment_grain__shields_number (a nondimensional stress; also called "shields_parameter") channel_centerline__length channel_centerline__downvalley_sinuosity (also called the "sinuosity index"; see: Sinuosity) channel_centerline__sinuosity (same as Tortuosity ??) ##### channel_centerline_endpoints__difference_of_elevation channel_centerline_endpoints__separation_distance (also called: "chord length", "shortest distance" or "euclidean distance") channel_entrance_basin__total_contributing_area channel_entrance_center__elevation channel_entrance_center__latitude channel_entrance_center__longitude channel_entrance_water_x-section__volume_flow_rate ## ("water" or "incoming-water"?) channel_entrance_water_x-section__volume_flux channel_exit_basin__total_contributing_area channel_exit_center__elevation channel_exit_center__latitude channel_exit_center__longitude channel_exit_water_x-section__volume_flow_rate ## ("water" or "outgoing-water"?) channel_exit_water_x-section__volume_flow_rate_law_area_exponent channel_exit_water_x-section__volume_flow_rate_law_coefficient channel_exit_water_x-section__volume-per-width_flow_rate (i.e. "q", or unit-width discharge) ####### channel_water__depth_times_bottom-surface-slope ### (not clear how is depth defined here.) channel_water__dynamic_shear_viscosity (can be different than pure water) channel_water__dynamic_volume_viscosity channel_water__mass-per-volume_density (can be different than pure water) channel_water__initial_volume channel_water__kinematic_shear_viscosity channel_water__kinematic_volume_viscosity channel_water__mass_flow_rate channel_water__reaeration_coefficient channel_water__static_pressure (anywhere in the channel vs. at channel bottom) channel_water__temperature channel_water__time_derivative_of_volume channel_water__volume channel_water_bedload-sediment__mass_flow_rate channel_water_bedload-sediment__mass-per-volume_density channel_water_bedload-sediment__volume_flow_rate channel_water_bedload-sediment_grain__immersed_weight ### channel_water_flow__chezy_formula_coefficient channel_water_flow__cross-stream_component_of_velocity channel_water_flow__darcy_friction_factor channel_water_flow__domain_max_of_manning_n_parameter channel_water_flow__domain_min_of_manning_n_parameter channel_water_flow__downstream_component_of_velocity channel_water_flow__energy-per-volume_dissipation_rate ### (energy or kinetic_energy ?) channel_water_flow__dynamic_pressure channel_water_flow__fanning_friction_factor (also called the "skin friction coefficient"; not just for pipes) channel_water_flow__froude_number channel_water_flow__half_of_fanning_friction_factor ### There doesn't seem to be another name for this. channel_water_flow__manning_k_parameter channel_water_flow__manning_n_parameter channel_water_flow__reynolds_number channel_water_flow__speed (magnitude of velocity vector) channel_water_flow__total_pressure channel_water_flow__x_component_of_velocity channel_water_flow__y_component_of_velocity channel_water_flow__z_component_of_velocity channel_water_flow__x_component_of_vorticity channel_water_flow__y_component_of_vorticity channel_water_flow__z_component_of_vorticity channel_water_flow__x_x_component_of_stress channel_water_flow__x_y_component_of_stress channel_water_flow__x_z_component_of_stress channel_water_hydraulic-jump__height channel_water_hydraulic-jump__loss_of_energy ### (or "drop_of" ??) channel_water_photosynthetic-oxygen__production_rate channel_water_sediment_grain__stokes_settling_speed channel_water_surface__cross-stream_derivative_of_elevation ### (or allow "cross-stream_slope" ?) (Remove "top" here?) ########## channel_water_surface__downstream_derivative_of_elevation ### (or allow "downstream_slope" ?) channel_water_surface__x_derivative_of_elevation channel_water_surface__y_derivative_of_elevation channel_water_surface_air__temperature channel_water_surface_water__temperature channel_water_suspended-sediment__mass_concentration channel_water_suspended-sediment__mass_flow_rate channel_water_suspended-sediment__rouse_number channel_water_suspended-sediment__volume_flow_rate channel_water_total-sediment__volume_flow_rate (i.e. "Qs" or "sediment discharge") channel_water_total-sediment__volume_flow_rate_law_area_exponent channel_water_total-sediment__volume_flow_rate_law_coefficient channel_water_total-sediment__volume_flow_rate_law_slope_exponent channel_water_washload-sediment__mass_concentration channel_water_washload-sediment__mass_flow_rate channel_water_washload-sediment__volume_flow_rate channel_water_x-section__depth_vs_half-width_coefficient (in PIHM) channel_water_x-section__depth_vs_half-width_exponent (in PIHM) channel_water_x-section__domain_max_of_mean_depth channel_water_x-section__domain_min_of_mean_depth channel_water_x-section__domain_max_of_volume_flow_rate channel_water_x-section__domain_min_of_volume_flow_rate channel_water_x-section__domain_max_of_volume_flux channel_water_x-section__domain_min_of_volume_flux channel_water_x-section__hydraulic_radius channel_water_x-section__initial_mean_depth channel_water_x-section__max_of_depth channel_water_x-section__mean_depth channel_water_x-section__time_derivative_of_mean_depth (could drop "mean" in this case?) channel_water_x-section__volume_flow_rate (also called "discharge" in hydrology) channel_water_x-section__volume_flow_rate_law_area_exponent channel_water_x-section__volume_flow_rate_law_coefficient channel_water_x-section__volume_flux (also called "mean speed", but this is more precise) channel_water_x-section__wetted_area ## (or just area) channel_water_x-section__wetted_perimeter ## (exlcuding the top edge) channel_water_x-section__width-to-depth_ratio channel_water_x-section_top__width channel_weir__discharge_coefficient (in PIHM) channel_x-section__area channel_x-section__depth_vs_half-width_coefficient (in PIHM) channel_x-section__depth_vs_half-width_exponent (in PIHM) channel_x-section__diameter channel_x-section__hydraulic_radius channel_x-section__max_of_depth channel_x-section__max_of_elevation ## (elevation of the bank, assumed same for both sides) channel_x-section__min_of_elevation ## (elevation of the lowest point in the x-section, where max depth occurs) channel_x-section__perimeter channel_x-section__wetted_area #### (or channel_water_x-section__area ??) channel_x-section__wetted_perimeter #### (or channel_water_x-section__perimeter) channel_x-section__width-to-depth_ratio #### (for the channel itself) channel_x-section_top__width (for any x-section shape, incl. trapezoid; also called bankfull_width) channel_x-section_parabola__coefficient channel_x-section_trapezoid_left-side__flare_angle channel_x-section_trapezoid_right-side__flare_angle channel_x-section_trapezoid_side__flare_angle ##### (if same for both sides) channel_x-section_trapezoid_bottom__width land_surface_water__volume-per-unit-contour-length_flow_rate (i.e. "q" or "unit width discharge")
- The word "channel" seems preferable as a generic term to words like "creek", "stream" and "river" because it doesn't have a size connotation. For example, there are textbooks on "open channel flow", we talk of "channelized flow" and then there is the English Channel. The CSDMS Standard Names is meant to function as a lingua franca for coupling resources (e.g. model-to-model or model-to-data), so allowing synonyms is counterproductive as it prevents otherwise valid matches.
- Although the term "mean flow speed" (or similar) is often used for the cross-section average of the downstream (axial) component of the flow velocity, it is not precise or self-explanatory. By contrast, the term "volume_flux" (volume per unit area per unit time) when applied to the channel cross-section is a precise quantity name. Similarly, the term "volume_flow_rate" is precise, cross-domain and preferable to discharge -- discharge is sometimes used to mean "mass_flow_rate" and has other meanings outside of hydrology. These two quantities are related through the equation u = Q/A, where u = volume flux, Q = volume flow rate and A = area of the cross-section.
- Note that "mean_depth" is used instead of "mean_of_depth". While the operation name "mean_of" must usually be specialized to "time_average_of" or "domain_mean_of", etc. we allow "mean_depth" to be used when the base object is "x-section". In general, applying the words "mean" or "average" as an adjective to a base quantity is avoided to prevent ambiguity. Clarifications on how quantities are computed can also be provided using <assume> tags in an associated Model Coupling Metadata (MCM) file.
- A "x-section" (short for "cross-section") through a channel (or other object) can be at any angle; see Cross section. When unqualified, however, a channel x-section is generally assumed to be at right angles to the streamwise axis (flow direction). In anatomical terminology, the terms "transverse plane", "coronal plane" and "sagittal plane" are used to specify x-sections. The terms "longitudinal" and "lateral" are also used, more for axes than planes. For tree trunks, the terms "horizontal section" (or transverse section), "radial section" and "tangential section" are used. The term "transverse-section" is basically a synonym for "x-section" and could also be used for channels. Terms like "plan-view" (or top-view), "side-view" and "symmetry planes" are closely related.
- Note that "entrance" and "exit" are used instead of "high_end" and "low_end" because it is possible for the "exit" to be the "high end".
- Instead of "channel_entrance_basin" + "total_contributing_area", we could just use: "channel_entrance_basin" + "area". There are several different methods for computing contributing area (or drainage area) and the method should be indicated using an <assume> tag in a Model Coupling Metadata (MCM) file, such as "d8_flow_direction_method", "d_infinity_flow_direction_method" or "mass_flux_flow_direction_method".
- It appears that Howard (1980) may have been the first to parameterize sediment discharge as Qs = K * A^m * S^n, where A is contributing area and S is channel slope. (Or perhaps Carson and Kirkby or Kirkby were first.) If so, then we could use the standard names:
channel_water_total-sediment + howard_law_coefficient (K) channel_water_total-sediment + howard_law_area_exponent (m) channel_water_total-sediment + howard_law_slope_exponent (n)
- Note that "geomorphic_transport_law" could also be used but is more general than "howard_law".
- It would be nice to have a short, unambiguous standard name for:
"channel_entrance-to-exit" + "difference_of_elevation.
Note that "drop_of" could be used as an operation prefix for this purpose (similar to "increment_of"). We currently use: "channel_centerline_endpoints" + "difference_of_elevation".
- Note that "bank_angle" by itself would be ambiguous; is it the angle the bank makes with the vertical z-axis or with a horizontal x-axis? However, "channel_x-section_trapezoid_left-side" + "flare_angle" is clear. A "flare_angle" of zero (no flare) corresponds to a rectangular x-section. When "left" and "right" are used as adjectives, they are taken relative to the direction of travel or flow, by convention. See "left-side" and "right-side" above. Would "left-edge" and "right-edge" be better?
- A quantity like "bottom" + "width" or "flare_angle" may only be well-defined for x-sections of a particular shape, like a trapezoid. In such cases we use the Object_name + model_name Pattern.
- We can use "basin_channel-network"; the hyphen must be included (to indicate a distinct object) since the network is not a part of a channel.
- An outlet would be considered part of a drainage basin and not part of a channel.
- Note that the channel itself has a bottom surface but no "top surface". It is the water in the channel that has a top surface. This is different than the case where the main object is "sea". So we use "sea_surface" and "sea_surface_water", and we also use "channel_water_surface" as well as "channel_water_surface_water". (We can refer to the "bottom surface" or the "top surface", but the latter is usually shortened to "surface" for water bodies.) The choice depends on whether the quantity is an attribute of the surface (e.g. elevation) or of the water near the surface (e.g. temperature).
- The phrase "hydraulic geometry" appears to have been introduced in: Leopold, L.B. and T. Maddock Jr. (1953) The hydraulic geometry of stream channels and some physiographic implications, USGS Professional Paper 252. A set of power laws is used to relate variables such as width, depth, slope and Manning's n to the stream discharge (volume flow rate). A distinction is made between "downstream" and "at-a-station" formulas.
- The Darcy friction factor and Fanning friction factor are primarily defined for flow in pipes, but are also applied to open-channel flow (sometimes with modifications). The Darcy friction factor is defined in terms of pressure drop while the Fanning friction factor is defined in terms of wall shear stress. At least for pipes, the Darcy friction factor turns out to be 4 times larger than the Fanning friction factor. The Drag coefficient is very similar to the Fanning friction factor but is defined for an object moving through a fluid (or fluid moving around an object). The term skin friction coefficient is a synonym for the Fanning friction factor. In open-channel flow, dimensional analysis and other contexts, the simple ratio of the wall shear stress and the product of fluid mass density times the square of mean velocity arises naturally. While this fundamental ratio is half of the Fanning friction factor, there appears to be no special name for it. On the web (but rarely) this has been described as the "basic friction factor" or "European friction factor".
- See: Channel (geography), Discharge (hydrology), Discharge coefficient, Free surface, Froude number, Hydraulic diameter, Hydraulic jump, Law of the wall, Manning formula, Open channel flow, Reynolds number, Roughness length, Shear velocity, Sinuosity, Tortuosity, Turbulence and Wetted perimeter.
Variable Names for Chocolate
quantity = attribute
object = "chocolate"
object = "chocolate_cacao"
object = "chocolate_fat"
object = "chocolate_lecithin"
object = "chocolate-liquid
object = "chocolate_sugar"
- Examples
chocolate__conching_time chocolate__heat_capacity_ratio (cp/cv = Cp/Cv) chocolate__mass-per-volume_density chocolate__mass-specific_isobaric_heat_capacity (isobaric = constant pressure) chocolate__mass-specific_isochoric_heat_capacity (isochoric = constant volume) chocolate__melting_point_temperature chocolate__metabolizable-energy-per-mass_density [kJ g-1] or [kcal g-1] chocolate__thermal_conductivity chocolate__thermal_diffusivity chocolate__thermal_inertia chocolate__thermal_resistivity chocolate__tempering_time chocolate__volume-specific_isobaric_heat_capacity (isobaric = constant pressure) chocolate__volume-specific_isochoric_heat_capacity (isochoric = constant volume) chocolate_cacao__mass_concentration ("by weight") chocolate_caffeine__mass_concentration chocolate_cholesterol__mass_concentration chocolate_flavanol__mass_concentration chocolate_liquor__mass_concentration chocolate_lecithin__mass_concentration chocolate_monounsaturated-fat__mass_concentration chocolate_polyunsaturated-fat__mass_concentration chocolate_saturated-fat__mass_concentration chocolate_total-carbohydrate__mass_concentration chocolate_total-fat__mass_concentration chocolate-liquid__apparent_viscosity chocolate-liquid__casson_model_k_parameter chocolate-liquid__herschel_bulkley_coefficient ### (add "flow" ?) chocolate-liquid__herschel_bulkley_exponent chocolate-liquid__kinematic_shear_viscosity chocolate-liquid__yield_stress chocolate-liquid_water__volume_fraction
- Molten chocolate is a non-Newtonian fluid. Both the Herschel-Bulkley and Casson models have been used to model its rheology (i.e. relationship between shear stress and strain rate), but the Casson model is the official model used in the industry. It has two parameters, the yield stress (not adjustable) and "the viscosity coefficient", or "k parameter".
- The object name: "chocolate-liquid" has been used to specify the phase of matter, following one of the name-construction rules. It does not indicate a liquid mixed with chocolate (e.g. chocolate milk). The construction is used instead of "molten_chocolate" to preserve alphabetical grouping.
- Types of chocolate include dark, milk and white.
- See: Chocolate, Food energy, Mouthfeel and Viscosity.
Variable Names for Compounds and Mixtures
quantity = attribute
Examples
dry-air__mass-specific_gas_constant [J kg-1 K-1] water-vapor__mass-specific_gas_constant [J kg-1 K-1] dry-air_water-vapor__gas_constant_ratio [unitless] water-vapor_dry-air__relative_molecular_mass_ratio [unitless] water-liquid-20C__dynamic_shear_viscosity water-liquid-20C__dynamic_volume_viscosity water-liquid-20C__mass-per-volume_density water-liquid-20C__kinematic_shear_viscosity water-liquid-20C__kinematic_volume_viscosity water-liquid-20C__mass-per-volume_density water-liquid__antoine_vapor_pressure_a_parameter water-liquid__antoine_vapor_pressure_b_parameter water-liquid__antoine_vapor_pressure_c_parameter water-liquid-20C__vapor_pressure water-liquid-20C_air__surface_tension (force per length = energy per area; depends on two substances) water__mass-specific_latent_fusion_heat # Lf [J kg-1] water__mass-specific_latent_sublimation_heat # Ls [J kg-1] water__mass-specific_latent_vaporization_heat # Lv [J kg-1]
- Compounds (pure chemical substances that contain two or more elements) like water can occur in association with many possible objects. However, some quantities are intrinsic properties of the substance, and then only the compound name is needed for the object part.
- Air (or dry air) is a mixture of gases, not a compound.
- Mass-specific gas constants are computed by dividing the ideal gas constant (also called "universal gas constant"), R, by the molar mass of a particular gas.
- Surface tension acts at the interface between two substances. (Laplace pressure and contact angle are similar.) There are liquid-solid, liquid-gas and solid-gas surface tensions.
- Vapor pressure (or "equilibrium vapor pressure") is a property of a pure liquid or solid substance (partial pressure is used for gas mixtures). It is a function of temperature that can be modeled with the Antoine Equation. The same term is used in meteorology to refer to a partial pressure of one gas in a mixture, such as water vapor in air. In the CSDMS Standard Names, the term "vapor pressure" is only used in its strict sense.
- See: Gas constant, Latent heat of fusion, Latent heat of vaporization, Laplace pressure, Molecular mass, Standard temperature and pressure, Surface tension, Surface-tension values and Viscosity.
Variable Names for Earthquakes
quantity = attribute
object = earthquake
object = earthquake_auxiliary-plane
object = earthquake_epicenter
object = earthquake_fault
object = earthquake_fault_plane
object = earthquake_fault_plane_asperity
object = earthquake_foot-wall-block
object = earthquake_hanging-wall-block
object = earthquake_hypocenter
object = earthquake_p-wave
object = earthquake_s-wave
object = earthquake_shadow-zone
object = earthquake_station
object = earthquake_swarm
object = seismic_wave
Examples
earthquake__count (number of earthquakes, or N in Gutenberg-Richter law) earthquake__critical_slip_distance earthquake__duration (overall duration of the event) earthquake__drop_of_dynamic_stress ???? earthquake__drop_of_static_stress ??? earthquake__east_component_of_slip-vector earthquake__gutenberg-richter_law_a_parameter earthquake__gutenberg-richter_law_b_parameter earthquake__modified_mercali_intensity (for ground motion instead ??) earthquake__modified_omori_law_c_parameter earthquake__modified_omori_law_k_parameter earthquake__modified_omori_law_p_parameter earthquake__magnitude_of_moment_tensor ### (Same as "moment_magnitude" ?) earthquake__moment_magnitude ### (Same as "magnitude_of_moment_tensor" ?) earthquake__moment_tensor earthquake__north_component_of_slip-vector earthquake__origin_time earthquake__radiated_seismic_energy (measured by seismometers. How does this compare to release_energy ??) earthquake__release_energy (same as the "seismic moment" ??) earthquake__richter_magnitude earthquake__rupture_speed (or rupture_velocity ??) earthquake__seismic_moment_energy (or just seismic_moment ?? moment = Force x distance, [Newton meters = Joules] earthquake__slip_angle (angle between slip vector and horizontal) earthquake__slip_distance earthquake__slip_duration (also known as the "rise time", as seen on a seismograph, from rupture time to peak moment release.) earthquake__slip_speed (slip is a 2D vector) earthquake__east_east_component_of_moment_tensor (notation Mpp; r = up, p = east, t = south; tensor is symmetric) earthquake__east_up_component_of_moment_tensor (notation Mpr) earthquake__south_east_component_of_moment_tensor (notation Mtp) earthquake__south_south_component_of_moment_tensor (notation Mtt) earthquake__up_south_component_of_moment_tensor (notation Mrt) earthquake__up_up_component_of_moment_tensor (notation Mrr) earthquake_auxiliary-plane__** earthquake_epicenter__elevation earthquake_epicenter__latitude (equal to the earthquake_hypocenter__latitude) earthquake_epicenter__longitude (equal to the earthquake_hypocenter__longitude) earthquake_fault__length earthquake_fault_plane__dip_angle (angle between fault plane and horizontal) earthquake_fault_plane__length earthquake_fault_plane__rake_angle (direction that hanging wall block moves from, measured on the fault plane) earthquake_fault_plane__rupture_area earthquake_fault_plane__rupture_length earthquake_fault_plane__rupture_time (time that rupture event begins) earthquake_fault_plane__rupture_width earthquake_fault_plane__slip-rake_angle ??? earthquake_fault_plane__strike_angle (angle in plane of Earth's surface earthquake_fault_plane__width earthquake_fault_plane_asperity__contact_area (perhaps 0.22 times the fault plane rupture_area ??) earthquake_foot-wall-block__** earthquake_hanging-wall-block__** earthquake_hypocenter__depth (hypocenter is also called the "focus") earthquake_hypocenter__latitude earthquake_hypocenter__longitude earthquake_hypocenter-to-station__distance earthquake_p-wave__amplitude ## (p = primary, pressure or push-pull) earthquake_p-wave__frequency earthquake_p-wave__period earthquake_p-wave__speed earthquake_p-wave__takeoff_angle (angle from the vertical of a seismic ray as it leaves the focus) earthquake_p-wave__wavelength earthquake_p-wave_station__arrival_time earthquake_p-wave_station__travel_time earthquake_s-wave__amplitude ## (s = secondary, shear or shake) earthquake_s-wave__frequency earthquake_s-wave__period earthquake_s-wave__speed earthquake_s-wave__takeoff_angle (angle from the vertical of a seismic ray as it leaves the focus) earthquake_s-wave__wavelength earthquake_s-wave_station__arrival_time earthquake_s-wave_station__travel_time earthquake_seismograph__shaking_amplitude (is this an attribute of a seismograph ?) earthquake_station__elevation earthquake_station__latitude earthquake_station__longitude
- Seismic moment = M0 = shear_modulus (rigidity) x slip_distance (displacement) x rupture_area. Units of energy and sometimes called "seismic moment energy".
- Moment magnitude = Mw = (2/3) log10( M0 ) - 6.0 [dimensionless].
- Should we use "aki_moment_tensor" for clarity instead of just "moment_tensor", after Aki (1972) ??
- The "takeoff_angle" and "azimuth_angle" give the direction in which a seismic (wave) ray leaves the focus or hypocenter.
- Seismic wave travel times are from source to station.
- How are the following terms defined? rupture azimuth, source duration, apparent source duration, particle velocity, static stress drop, dynamic stress drop, radiated seismic energy, rupture top depth, rupture down dip width?
- Some mathematical earthquake models are the Burridge-Knopoff (1D spring-block or "slider-block") model (and variants) and the Olami-Feder-Christensen model.
- There are many types of Seismic waves, including body waves, such as: P-waves and S-waves and surface waves, such as: Love waves, Rayleigh waves, and Stonely waves.
- See: Earthquake, Earthquake rupture, Earthquake swarm, Epicenter, Fault (geology), Focal mechanism, Gutenberg-Richter Law, Hypocenter (also called the "focus"), Mercali intensity scale, Moment magnitude scale, Richter magnitude scale, Seismic moment, Seismic scale, Seismic wave, Strike and dip and Shadow zone.
- Also see the section called: Variable Names for Planets.
Variable Names for Glaciers
quantity = attribute
object = glacier
object = glacier_ablation-zone
object = glacier_accumulation-zone
object = glacier_bed (see Notes about "bed" vs. "bottom")
object = glacier_bed_surface
object = glacier_bottom (see Notes about "bed" vs. "bottom")
object = glacier_bottom_ice
object = glacier_bottom_ice_flow
object = glacier_bottom_surface
object = glacier_equilibrium-line
object = glacier_firn-line
object = glacier_forefield
object = glacier_ice
object = glacier_ice_above-bed
object = glacier_ice_flow
object = glacier_ice_meltwater
object = glacier_margin (is this the entire boundary, or just the terminus?) ########
object = glacier_meltwater
object = glacier_percolation-zone (same as "unsaturated zone" ??) #####
object = glacier_terminus
object = glacier_top
object = glacier_top_ice
object = glacier_top_ice_flow
object = glacier_top_surface
Examples
glacier_ablation-zone__area glacier_ablation-zone__area_fraction (or ablation_zone_to_total_area_fraction ? Usually called: AAR=accumulation-area ratio) glacier_accumulation-zone__area glacier_accumulation-zone__area_fraction glacier_bed__down_z_derivative_of_temperature (also called the "geothermal gradient". ##### glacier_bed is wrong object glacier_bed__geothermal_heat_flux glacier_bed_surface__aspect_angle (see Notes about "bed" vs. "bottom") glacier_bed_surface__elevation glacier_bed_surface__slope (See: Surface template.) glacier_bed_surface__slope_angle glacier_bottom_ice__magnitude_of_shear_stress glacier_bottom_ice__sliding_speed glacier_bottom_ice__static_pressure glacier_bottom_ice__temperature glacier_bottom_ice_flow__east_component_of_velocity glacier_bottom_ice_flow__north_component_of_velocity glacier_bottom_ice_flow__x_component_of_velocity glacier_bottom_ice_flow__y_component_of_velocity glacier_bottom_ice_flow__z_component_of_velocity glacier_bottom_ice_flow__east_down_component_of_stress glacier_bottom_ice_flow__north_down_component_of_stress glacier_bottom_ice_flow__x_z_component_of_stress glacier_bottom_ice_flow__y_z_component_of_stress glacier_bottom_surface__aspect_angle (use "bottom" vs. "bed" here ??) glacier_bottom_surface__elevation glacier_bottom_surface__slope (See: Surface template.) glacier_bottom_surface__slope_angle glacier_bottom_surface_heat__net_conduction_energy_flux [W m-2] glacier_equilibrium-line__altitude ## (vs. elevation in this case) glacier_ice__ablation_rate [m s-1] glacier_ice__accumulation_rate [m s-1] glacier_ice__change_from_annual_min_of_mass ### (new operation prefix: 8/12/14; "annual_min" used here vs. "summer") glacier_ice__change_from_annual_min_of_thickness ## (better to specify a date, vs. "summer"?) glacier_ice__change_from_annual_min_of_volume ############### glacier_ice__depression_of_melting_point_temperature glacier_ice__dynamic_shear_viscosity glacier_ice__dynamic_volume_viscosity glacier_ice__glen_law_coefficient (From "Glen's flow law", also called "creep parameter".) ##### glacier_ice__glen_law_exponent (From "Glen's flow law", also called "creep_exponent".) glacier_ice__heat_capacity_ratio (Cp / Cv = cp / cv) glacier_ice__initial_thickness glacier_ice__isentropic_compressibility ### (same as "adiabatic") glacier_ice__isothermal_compressibility glacier_ice__kinematic_shear_viscosity glacier_ice__kinematic_volume_viscosity glacier_ice__mass glacier_ice__mass-per-volume_density glacier_ice__mass-specific_isobaric_heat_capacity (isobaric = constant pressure) glacier_ice__mass-specific_isochoric_heat_capacity (isochoric = constant volume) glacier_ice__mass-specific_latent_fusion_heat (solid to liquid; melting) glacier_ice__mass-specific_latent_sublimation_heat (solid to gas) glacier_ice__mass-specific_latent_vaporization_heat (liquid to gas) glacier_ice__melting_point_temperature glacier_ice__peclet_number (defined as: (H * w_s / kappa), where H=thickness, w_s = ice surface vertical speed and kappa=thermal diffusivity) glacier_ice__pressure_melting_point_temperature glacier_ice__relative_permittivity (also called "relative dielectric constant", but not a constant) glacier_ice__temperature glacier_ice__thermal_conductivity ## (already intensive property; don't need specific) glacier_ice__thermal_diffusivity glacier_ice__thermal_inertia glacier_ice__thermal_resistivity (reciprocal of thermal_conductivity) glacier_ice__thermal_volume_expansion_coefficient (there are also coefficients for area and length expansion) glacier_ice__thickness glacier_ice__time_derivative_of_mass glacier_ice__time_derivative_of_thickness glacier_ice__time_derivative_of_volume glacier_ice__volume glacier_ice__volume-specific_isobaric_heat_capacity (isobaric = constant pressure) glacier_ice__volume-specific_isochoric_heat_capacity (isochoric = constant volume) glacier_ice__volume_vs_area_law_coefficient glacier_ice__volume_vs_area_law_exponent glacier_ice_above-bed__distance (See Notes about "bed" vs. "bottom") glacier_ice_above-bed__normalized_distance (divided by ice thickness, also called "scaled distance") glacier_ice__azimuth_angle_of_gradient_of_temperature glacier_ice__down_derivative_of_temperature glacier_ice__east_derivative_of_temperature glacier_ice__elevation_angle_of_gradient_of_temperature glacier_ice__magnitude_of_gradient_of_temperature glacier_ice__north_derivative_of_temperature glacier_ice__x_derivative_of_temperature glacier_ice__y_derivative_of_temperature glacier_ice__z_derivative_of_temperature glacier_ice_flow__azimuth_angle_of_gradient_of_static_pressure glacier_ice_flow__down_derivative_of_static_pressure glacier_ice_flow__east_derivative_of_static_pressure glacier_ice_flow__elevation_angle_of_gradient_of_static_pressure glacier_ice_flow__magnitude_of_gradient_of_static_pressure glacier_ice_flow__north_derivative_of_static_pressure glacier_ice_flow__x_derivative_of_static_pressure glacier_ice_flow__y_derivative_of_static_pressure glacier_ice_flow__z_derivative_of_static_pressure glacier_ice_flow__azimuth_angle_of_velocity glacier_ice_flow__down_component_of_velocity glacier_ice_flow__dynamic_pressure glacier_ice_flow__east_component_of_velocity glacier_ice_flow__elevation_angle_of_velocity glacier_ice_flow__north_component_of_velocity glacier_ice_flow__south_component_of_velocity glacier_ice_flow__speed (magnitude_of_velocity) glacier_ice_flow__west_component_of_velocity glacier_ice_flow__total_pressure glacier_ice_flow__up_component_of_velocity glacier_ice_flow__x_component_of_velocity glacier_ice_flow__y_component_of_velocity glacier_ice_flow__z_component_of_velocity glacier_ice_meltwater__domain_time_integral_of_volume_flux # (cumulative meltwater volume) glacier_ice_meltwater__mass_flux [kg m-2 s-1] glacier_ice_meltwater__volume_flux [m s-1] glacier_terminus__advance_rate (opposite of retreat rate; should we allow both?) glacier_terminus__calving_rate (use "terminus_ice" here ? Units of velocity. Do we need to specify mass or volume flux also?) ###### glacier_terminus__retreat_rate (See: Glacier retreat; perhaps a terminus speed) glacier_terminus_left-side__latitude (See Note below regarding "left-side".) glacier_terminus_left-side__longitude glacier_terminus_right-side__latitude glacier_terminus_right-side__longitude glacier_top_ice__resublimation_mass_flux glacier_top_ice__resublimation_volume_flux glacier_top_ice__sublimation_mass_flux glacier_top_ice__sublimation_volume_flux glacier_top_ice__temperature glacier_top_ice__time_derivative_of_temperature glacier_top_ice__time_max_of_heat_flux glacier_top_ice_wind__scour_rate (always a loss? wind or "air_flow") ######### glacier_top_ice_flow__x_component_of_velocity glacier_top_ice_flow__y_component_of_velocity glacier_top_surface__area glacier_top_surface__aspect_angle glacier_top_surface__elevation glacier_top_surface__emissivity glacier_top_surface__max_of_elevation glacier_top_surface__mean_of_elevation glacier_top_surface__mid-range_of_elevation (also called the "mid-range altitude") glacier_top_surface__min_of_elevation glacier_top_surface__net_latent_heat_flux ## (net flux could be into the air or the ice) glacier_top_surface__net_sensible_heat_flux ## (or incoming-thermal-radiation__energy_flux ??) glacier_top_surface__range_of_elevation glacier_top_surface__slope (see glacier_bed_surface_slope) glacier_top_surface__slope_angle glacier_top_surface__temperature ### (or just glacier_top__temperature ??) glacier_top_surface__time_derivative_of_elevation glacier_top_surface_incoming-longwave-radiation__energy_flux glacier_top_surface_incoming-shortwave-radiation__energy_flux glacier_top_surface_outgoing-longwave-radiation__energy_flux
- In glaciology, "mass_balance" has a specific meaning that can be confusing to scientists from other disciplines. See: Glacier mass balance. It is the difference between accumulation and ablation (melting and sublimation) and therefore the net rate at which ice is being "added" to the glacier. The quantity name: "glacier_ice__time_derivative_of_thickness" is unambiguous (it avoids domain-specific terms) and is more consistent with other standard names.
- Note that we distinguish between the "glacier_bed" and the "glacier_bottom" because they can be two different surfaces, separated by gaps or voids. (This doesn't happen for liquid water.) The glacier "bottom" is "in the ice" while the glacier bed isn't. For consistency across domains, "top" and "bottom" should be preferred over terms like "sea_floor" or "sea_bed", unless this kind of distinction exists.
- Glaciers are classified into 3 distinct types: cold, temperate and polythermal.
- Glacier processes include (among others): ablation, accumulation, advance, calving, congelation, deflation, deformation, flotation, flow, infiltration/percolation, melting, wind scour, recrystallization, refreezing, resublimation, sliding, sublimation, retreat.
- When "left" and "right" are used as adjectives, they are taken relative to the direction of travel or flow, by convention.
- Within the CSDMS Standard Names, quantity names "altitude" and "elevation" are taken to have distinct meanings. See Altitude and Elevation. However, the quantity name equilibrium_line_altitude is allowed since it is a standard term in glaciology and otherwise follows the naming rules.
- Note that the word "glacier" is used here to indicate a place or a "main object", sometimes in addition to the word "ice" (what the glacier is made of), even though a glacier is a persistent body of ice, by definition. This allows us to identify parts of the glacier, like the top and bottom, and then refer to properties of the air or ice at this interface. It also allows a "flow field" (shortened to flow) to be associated with the ice. For a glacier on another planet (e.g. Mars) that is not made of water, the word "ice" can be replaced with "dry-ice" or "carbon-dioxide-ice", but "dry-ice" is clear and shorter.
- We may need an additional adjective before "area" in order to distinguish between a "surface area" and "projected area".
- See: Accumulation zone, Ablation zone, Geothermal gradient, Glacier, Glacier terminus, Heat capacity, Ice sheet, Meltwater, Pressure melting point, Thermal conductivity and Thermal diffusivity.
Variable Names for Materials
quantity = attribute
quantity = "bulk_modulus" (See Notes below.)
quantity = "lame_first_parameter"
quantity = "p_wave_modulus"
quantity = "poisson_ratio"
quantity = "shear_modulus"
quantity = "young_modulus" ("tensile" elastic modulus)
Examples:
earth_material__bulk_modulus earth_material__down_component_of_electric_field_vector (volts /meter) earth_material__east_component_of_electric_field_vector (volts / meter) earth_material__electrical_conductivity (siemens / meter) earth_material__lame_first_parameter earth_material__north_component_of_electric_field_vector (volts / meter) earth_material__p_wave_modulus earth_material__poisson_ratio earth_material__shear_modulus earth_material__young_modulus
- The 6 elastic moduli above are all related through simple equations. Given any two, the other four can be computed. See the table at: Elastic modulus.
- See: Hardness, Materials science, Poisson ratio, Stiffness (sometimes called "rigidity") and Yield strength.
Variable Names for Models
quantity = attribute
object = "model"
object = "model_grid"
object = "model_grid_east-edge"
object = "model_grid_north-edge"
object = "model_grid_south-edge"
object = "model_grid_west-edge"
object = "model_grid_cell"
object = "model_grid_cell_center"
object = "model_grid_cell_east-edge"
object = "model_grid_cell_north-edge"
object = "model_grid_cell_south-edge"
object = "model_grid_cell_west-edge"
object = "model_grid_cell_incoming-water"
object = "model_grid_cell_water"
object = "model_grid_cell_outgoing-water"
object = "model_grid_column"
object = "model_grid_row"
object = "model_grid_x-axis"
object = "model_grid_x-axis_east-axis"
object = "model_grid_y-axis"
object = "model_grid_z-axis"
Examples
model__initial_time_step (for PIHM) model__max_allowed_time_step model__min_allowed_time_step model__run_time model__spinup_time model__start_time model__stop_time model__time model__time_step model__time_step_count ##### model_grid_east-edge__longitude model_grid_north-edge__latitude model_grid_south-edge__latitude model_grid_west-edge__longitude model_grid_cell__area model_grid_cell__column_index model_grid_cell__count model_grid_cell__d8_total_contributing_area model_grid_cell__d8_flow_length model_grid_cell__d8_flow_width model_grid_cell__d8_slope model_grid_cell__d_infinity_total_contributing_area model_grid_cell__d_infinity_slope model_grid_cell__diameter model_grid_cell__perimeter model_grid_cell__row_index model_grid_cell__row-major-offset_index model_grid_cell__total_contributing_area ##### model_grid_cell_center__latitude model_grid_cell_center__longitude model_grid_cell_center__x_coordinate model_grid_cell_center__y_coordinate model_grid_cell_centroid__latitude model_grid_cell_centroid__longitude model_grid_cell_centroid__x_coordinate model_grid_cell_centroid__y_coordinate model_grid_cell_east-edge__longitude model_grid_cell_west-edge__longitude model_grid_cell_south-edge__latitude model_grid_cell_north-edge__latitude model_grid_cell_east-edge__length model_grid_cell_west-edge__length model_grid_cell_south-edge__length model_grid_cell_north-edge__length model_grid_cell_x-edge__length model_grid_cell_y-edge__length model_grid_cell_incoming-water__volume_flow_rate model_grid_cell_water__azimuth_angle_of_velocity model_grid_cell_water__time_derivative_of_volume model_grid_cell_outgoing-water__volume_flow_rate model_grid_column__count # (number of columns) model_grid_row__count # (number of rows) model_grid_x-axis_east-axis__rotation_angle model_soil_layer__count model_soil_layer-0__porosity model_soil_layer-0__thickness model_soil_layer-0__wetted_thickness
- A model of a physical process will typically discretize both the spatial domain and time. This introduces several quantities that do not exist in the "real world", but only within the context of the model, as shown in the examples above. Note that "total_contributing_area" is a quantity that is technically associated with a segment of a contour line, but is typically attributed to a grid cell.
- While CSDMS component models often request variables from one another (i.e. a model tells the framework it needs a variable using the BMI function get_output_var_names()), CSDMS does not support (and discourages) models requesting model attributes from one another. Model attributes (i.e. output variables that start with the word "model") that are listed among a model's output variables are only intended for use by the modeling framework. Part of the CSDMS philosophy is the idea that model components should not need to know anything about the internal details of other models that they want to obtain output variables from --- this is viewed as the job of the modeling framework (which calls service components or mediators when needed). Another part of this philosophy (more of a design decision) is that model components should not need to be grouped into "types" (e.g. based on the physical process they model, such as "infiltration"). All matching should be based on what each model needs from others or can provide to others.
- Many of the possible model attributes will be "provided" by most or all of the models in a "component set". For example, "model__time_step" would typically be listed as an output variable for every model in a component set. This means that model attribute names cannot be used to automatically match users to providers. For this to be possible, models would need to be grouped into named "types", model developers would need to be aware of these types, and the type name (e.g. perhaps a process name like "infiltration") would need to be inserted before the word "model" in model output variable names. While individual component models therefore have no way to ask for model attributes from another model in the component set, the framework "sees everything" and can keep track of which component it retrieved a model attribute from. For example, the service component that performs time interpolation for the models in a component set needs to know the individual time steps of each model in the set. (But actually gets this directly from the BMI "get_time_step()" function instead of using a "get_values()" call for the variable called "model__time_step".)
Variable Names for Molecules
quantity = attribute
quantity = "bond_angle"
quantity = "bond_dissociation_energy"
quantity = "bond_energy"
quantity = "bond_length"
quantity = "proton_number" (total number of protons)
quantity = "torsion_angle"
quantity = "vibration_frequency"
- Examples
benzene_molecule_c_c_c__bond_angle dihydrogen_molecule_h-h__bond_length (dihydrogen = H2) dinitrogen_molecule_n-n__bond_length (dinitrogen = N2) dioxygen_molecule_o-o__bond_length (dioxygen = O2) ethane_molecule_h-c-c-h__torsion_angle ozone_molecule_o-o__bond_length (trioxygen = O3 is another name for ozone.) water_molecule__hydrogen_number (?? number of hydrogen atoms) water_molecule_h-o__bond_dissociation_energy water_molecule_h-o__bond_length water_molecule_h-o-h__actual_bond_angle water_molecule_h-o-h__ideal_bond_angle (or replace "ideal" by "VSEPR" ?)
- A molecule is an electrically neutral group of two or more atoms held together by covalent chemical bonds.
- CSDMS Standard Names allow using the standard symbol for atoms of a particular element that occur in a molecule (but in lower case).
- There is distinction between "bond energy" and "bond dissociation energy".
- It seems that the bond energy, bond dissociation energy and bond length all depend on the molecule that the atoms are in and not just which two types of atoms are involved. If this is the case, then names should use the Part-of-another-Object Pattern (and perhaps the Object-to-object Quantity Pattern for the atoms), as in: "water_molecule_h_o" + bond_length" and "water_molecule_h_o" + "bond_dissociation_energy".
- See: bond length, bond-dissociation energy and bond energy.
- Bond angles and lengths in molecules are defined as time averages.
- A bond_angle can be defined for 2 consecutive bonds and 3 atoms, as in "water_molecule_h_o_h" + "bond_angle". For a molecule in which all bond angles are the same, like benzene, we could have "benzene_molecule_c_c_c" + "bond_angle". See: Benzene.
- A torsion_angle can be defined for 3 consecutive bonds and 4 atoms, as in "ethane_molecule_h_c_c_h" + torsion_angle". A synonym is "dihedral_angle". See: Dihedral angle.
- Note that we use "benzene_molecule", "ethane_molecule" and "water_molecule" vs. "benzene", "ethane" and "water" in these examples. This is to distinguish between the bulk substance (for which these quantities don't make sense) and a single molecule.
- For ligands, a ligand cone angle and ligand bite angle can be defined.
- Valence shell electron pair repulsion theory (VSEPR) is a model in chemistry used to predict the shapes of molecules, such as "ideal bond angles".
- Molecules have "vibration frequencies" associated with all the different ways in which the atoms in the molecule can undergo a periodic motion relative to one another. (These relative positions don't change when the molecule rotates or translates as a whole.) See: Molecular vibration. (Individual atoms don't have vibration frequencies but they do have "emission frequencies".) In the so-called: rocking, scissoring, twisting and wagging vibrations, the bond lengths between atoms don't change. In stretching vibrations (symmetric or antisymmetric), the bond lengths change. For the CSDMS standard names we may be able to use names such as "ethylene + wagging_vibration_frequency".
- We could use "hydrogen_number" to quantify the number of hydrogen atoms in a molecule, but that term is also used in a medical context to mean the quantity of hydrogen that 1 gram of fat will absorb.
Variable Names for Oceans
quantity = attribute
object = "sea_bed" ### (is bed also needed, or just bottom ??)
object = "sea_bed_material" ### (or just sea_bottom_sediment ??)
object = "sea_bottom"
object = "sea_bottom_sediment"
object = "sea_bottom_sediment_clay"
object = "sea_bottom_sediment_grain"
object = "sea_bottom_sediment_mud"
object = "sea_bottom_sediment_sand"
object = "sea_bottom_sediment_silt"
object = "sea_bottom_surface"
object = "sea_bottom_water"
object = "sea_bottom_water_suspended-sediment"
object = "sea_bottom_water_flow"
object = "sea_shoreline"
object = "sea_shoreline_breaking-wave"
object = "sea_shoreline_breaking-wave_crestline"
object = "sea_shoreline_breaking-wave_ray"
object = "sea_shoreline_incoming-deepwater-wave"
object = "sea_shoreline_incoming-deepwater-wave_crestline"
object = "sea_shoreline_incoming-deepwater-wave_ray"
object = "sea_shoreline_incoming-wave" ### (to include both deep and shallow-water waves)
object = "sea_shoreline_incoming-wave-crestline"
object = "sea_shoreline_incoming-wave-ray"
object = "sea_shoreline_x-axis"
object = "sea_intertidal-zone"
object = "sea_intertidal-zone_inner-boundary" ### (or "high-tide-boundary" ??)
object = "sea_intertidal-zone_outer-boundary" ### (or "low-tide-boundary" ??)
object = "sea_littoral-zone" ### (Is this also needed?)
object = "sea_surface"
object = "sea_surface_air"
object = "sea_surface_air_carbon-dioxide"
object = "sea_surface_air_flow"
object = "sea_surface_water"
object = "sea_surface_water_suspended-sediment"
object = "sea_surface_water_tide"
object = "sea_surface_water_tide_all-constituents"
object = "sea_surface_water_tide_" + [short name] + "_constituent" (e.g. short name = "m4")
object = "sea_surface_water_wave"
object = "sea_surface_water_wave_crest"
object = "sea_surface_water_wave_crest_line"
object = "sea_surface_water_wave_ray"
object = "sea_surface_water_wave_trough"
object = "sea_water"
object = "sea_water_above-bottom"
object = "sea_water_aphotic-zone"
object = "sea_water_aphotic-zone_top"
object = "sea_water_below-surface" ###### (use "subsurface" vs. "below-surface" ??)
object = "sea_water_biota"
object = "sea_water_carbon-dioxide"
object = "sea_water_feeder-current"
object = "sea_water_flow"
object = "sea_water_internal-wave"
object = "sea_water_longshore-current"
object = "sea_water_magnesium-chloride"
object = "sea_water_magnesium-sulphate
object = "sea_water_photic-zone"
object = "sea_water_photic-zone_bottom"
object = "sea_water_potassium-chloride"
object = "sea_water_rip-current"
object = "sea_water_rip-current_head"
object = "sea_water_rip-current_neck"
object = "sea_water_sodium-chloride"
object = "sea_water_suspended-sediment"
object = "sea_water_surf-zone"
object = "sea_water_tsunami"
object = "sea_water_undertow-current"
- Examples
model_west-edge_sea_water__elevation (a boundary condition) sea_bed_freshwater__net_volume_flux (net = incoming - outgoing) sea_bottom_incoming-longwave-radiation__absorbed_energy_flux sea_bottom_incoming-longwave-radiation__absorptance sea_bottom_incoming-longwave-radiation__energy_flux sea_bottom_incoming-longwave-radiation__reflected_energy_flux sea_bottom_incoming-longwave-radiation__reflectance sea_bottom_incoming-shortwave-radiation__absorbed_energy_flux sea_bottom_incoming-shortwave-radiation__absorptance sea_bottom_incoming-shortwave-radiation__energy_flux sea_bottom_incoming-shortwave-radiation__reflected_energy_flux sea_bottom_incoming-shortwave-radiation__reflectance sea_bottom_incoming-total-radiation__absorbed_energy_flux sea_bottom_incoming-total-radiation__absorptance sea_bottom_incoming-total-radiation__energy_flux sea_bottom_incoming-total-radiation__reflected_energy_flux sea_bottom_incoming-total-radiation__reflectance sea_bottom_outgoing-longwave-radiation__emittance sea_bottom_outgoing-longwave-radiation__emitted_energy_flux sea_bottom_sediment__immersed-weight sea_bottom_sediment__mass-per-volume_bulk_density (also called "dry density") sea_bottom_sediment__mass-per-volume_density (i.e. "total density" or "wet density") sea_bottom_sediment__mass-per-volume_particle_density sea_bottom_sediment__permeability sea_bottom_sediment__porosity sea_bottom_sediment__thickness sea_bottom_sediment__thickness-to-depth_ratio sea_bottom_sediment_clay__volume_fraction sea_bottom_sediment_grain__mean_of_diameter sea_bottom_sediment_mud__volume_fraction sea_bottom_sediment_sand__volume_fraction sea_bottom_sediment_silt__volume_fraction sea_bottom_surface__elevation (Replace "floor" with "bottom" for cross-domain consistency?) sea_bottom_surface__latitude sea_bottom_surface__longitude sea_bottom_surface__net_heat_flux sea_bottom_surface__slope sea_bottom_surface__time_derivative_of_elevation sea_bottom_surface__x_derivative_of_elevation sea_bottom_surface__y_derivative_of_elevation sea_bottom_water__magnitude_of_shear_stress sea_bottom_water__mass-per-volume_density sea_bottom_water__net_heat_flux sea_bottom_water__salinity sea_bottom_water__temperature sea_shoreline__closure_depth #### sea_shoreline__curvature sea_shoreline_x-axis_to_east-axis__rotation_angle sea_shoreline_breaking-wave__azimuth_angle_of_phase_velocity sea_shoreline_breaking-wave__height sea_shoreline_breaking-wave__period sea_shoreline_incoming-deepwater-wave__height ### (add "water" after "sea" ??) sea_shoreline_incoming-deepwater-wave__period sea_shoreline_incoming-deepwater-wave__significant_height sea_shoreline_incoming-deepwater-wave__ashton_et_al_approach_angle_asymmetry_parameter sea_shoreline_incoming-deepwater-wave__ashton_et_al_approach_angle_highness_parameter sea_shoreline_incoming-deepwater-wave__azimuth_angle_of_group_velocity sea_shoreline_incoming-deepwater-wave__azimuth_angle_of_phase_velocity (CCW from x-axis, between -180 and 0; "rays" = phase velocity field) sea_shoreline_incoming-deepwater-wave__azimuth_angle_of_left_normal_of_phase_velocity (between -90 and 90, used by Ashton et al. 2001, x-axis alongshore) sea_shoreline_incoming-wave_crestline__azimuth_angle sea_shoreline_incoming-wave__azimuth_angle_of_group_velocity sea_shoreline_incoming-wave__azimuth_angle_of_phase_velocity sea_shoreline_incoming-wave__azimuth_angle_of_left_normal_of_phase_velocity sea_shoreline_normal-vector__azimuth_angle sea_shoreline_tangent-vector__azimuth_angle sea_surface__elevation sea_surface__latitude (this is a local value, like all others) sea_surface__longitude (this is a local value, like all others) sea_surface__slope sea_surface_incoming-shortwave-radiation__energy_flux sea_surface_incoming-shortwave-radiation__absorbed_energy_flux sea_surface_incoming-shortwave-radiation__absorptance sea_surface_incoming-shortwave-radiation__reflectance sea_surface_incoming-shortwave-radiation__reflected_energy_flux sea_surface_outgoing-longwave-radiation__energy_flux (emitted upward) sea_surface_air__magnitude_of_shear_stress (wind) sea_surface_air__pressure sea_surface_air__temperature sea_surface_air_flow__shear_speed (air_flow = "wind"; shear_speed = magnitude_of_shear_velocity) sea_surface_air_flow__speed sea_surface_air_flow__x_component_of_shear_velocity sea_surface_air_flow__x_component_of_velocity sea_surface_air_flow__y_component_of_shear_velocity sea_surface_air_flow__y_component_of_velocity sea_surface_air_flow__z_component_of_velocity (should be zero) sea_surface_air_carbon-dioxide__partial_pressure sea_surface_air_water-vapor__partial_pressure sea_surface_air_water-vapor__relative_saturation (relative humidity) sea_surface_air_vs_water__difference_of_temperature ####(use "air_and" or "air_vs" ?) sea_surface_water__anomaly_of_geopotential_height sea_surface_water__anomaly_of_temperature sea_surface_water__evaporation_mass_flux [kg m-2 s-1] sea_surface_water__evaporation_volume_flux [m s-1] sea_surface_water__geopotential_height sea_surface_water__precipitation_leq-volume_flux sea_surface_water__mass-per-volume_density sea_surface_water__net_latent_heat_flux sea_surface_water__net_sensible_heat_flux sea_surface_water__precipitation_mass_flux sea_surface_water__salinity sea_surface_water__temperature sea_surface_water_tide_all-constituents__amplitude #### (added to mean sea level) sea_surface_water_tide_2mk3-constituent__amplitude sea_surface_water_tide_2mk3-constituent__degrees-per-hour_speed ####### (or just "phase_speed" ??) sea_surface_water_tide_2mk3-constituent__period sea_surface_water_tide_2mk3-constituent_amphidromic-points__latitude (there are multiple points for each constituent) sea_surface_water_tide_2mk3-constituent_amphidromic-points__longitude sea_surface_water_tide_2mk3-constituent__phase_angle sea_surface_water_tide_2q1-constituent__amplitude sea_surface_water_tide_2q1-constituent__degrees-per-hour_speed sea_surface_water_tide_2q1-constituent__period sea_surface_water_tide_2q1-constituent__phase_angle sea_surface_water_tide_2sm2-constituent__amplitude sea_surface_water_tide_2sm2-constituent__degrees-per-hour_speed sea_surface_water_tide_2sm2-constituent__period sea_surface_water_tide_2sm2-constituent__phase_angle sea_surface_water_tide_2n2-constituent__amplitude sea_surface_water_tide_2n2-constituent__degrees-per-hour_speed sea_surface_water_tide_2n2-constituent__period sea_surface_water_tide_2n2-constituent__phase_angle sea_surface_water_tide_2q1-constituent__amplitude sea_surface_water_tide_2q1-constituent__degrees-per-hour_speed sea_surface_water_tide_2q1-constituent__period sea_surface_water_tide_2q1-constituent__phase_angle sea_surface_water_tide_j1-constituent__amplitude sea_surface_water_tide_j1-constituent__degrees-per-hour_speed sea_surface_water_tide_j1-constituent__period sea_surface_water_tide_j1-constituent__phase_angle sea_surface_water_tide_k1-constituent__amplitude sea_surface_water_tide_k1-constituent__degrees-per-hour_speed sea_surface_water_tide_k1-constituent__period sea_surface_water_tide_k1-constituent__phase_angle sea_surface_water_tide_k2-constituent__amplitude sea_surface_water_tide_k2-constituent__degrees-per-hour_speed sea_surface_water_tide_k2-constituent__period sea_surface_water_tide_k2-constituent__phase_angle sea_surface_water_tide_l2-constituent__amplitude sea_surface_water_tide_l2-constituent__degrees-per-hour_speed sea_surface_water_tide_l2-constituent__period sea_surface_water_tide_l2-constituent__phase_angle sea_surface_water_tide_lam2-constituent__amplitude sea_surface_water_tide_lam2-constituent__degrees-per-hour_speed sea_surface_water_tide_lam2-constituent__period sea_surface_water_tide_lam2-constituent__phase_angle sea_surface_water_tide_m1-constituent__amplitude sea_surface_water_tide_m1-constituent__degrees-per-hour_speed sea_surface_water_tide_m1-constituent__period sea_surface_water_tide_m1-constituent__phase_angle sea_surface_water_tide_m2-constituent__amplitude sea_surface_water_tide_m2-constituent__degrees-per-hour_speed sea_surface_water_tide_m2-constituent__period sea_surface_water_tide_m2-constituent__phase_angle sea_surface_water_tide_m3-constituent__amplitude sea_surface_water_tide_m3-constituent__degrees-per-hour_speed sea_surface_water_tide_m3-constituent__period sea_surface_water_tide_m3-constituent__phase_angle sea_surface_water_tide_m4-constituent__amplitude sea_surface_water_tide_m4-constituent__degrees-per-hour_speed sea_surface_water_tide_m4-constituent__period sea_surface_water_tide_m4-constituent__phase_angle sea_surface_water_tide_m6-constituent__amplitude sea_surface_water_tide_m6-constituent__degrees-per-hour_speed sea_surface_water_tide_m6-constituent__period sea_surface_water_tide_m6-constituent__phase_angle sea_surface_water_tide_m8-constituent__amplitude sea_surface_water_tide_m8-constituent__degrees-per-hour_speed sea_surface_water_tide_m8-constituent__period sea_surface_water_tide_m8-constituent__phase_angle sea_surface_water_tide_mf-constituent__amplitude sea_surface_water_tide_mf-constituent__degrees-per-hour_speed sea_surface_water_tide_mf-constituent__period sea_surface_water_tide_mf-constituent__phase_angle sea_surface_water_tide_mk3-constituent__amplitude sea_surface_water_tide_mk3-constituent__degrees-per-hour_speed sea_surface_water_tide_mk3-constituent__period sea_surface_water_tide_mk3-constituent__phase_angle sea_surface_water_tide_mm-constituent__amplitude sea_surface_water_tide_mm-constituent__degrees-per-hour_speed sea_surface_water_tide_mm-constituent__period sea_surface_water_tide_mm-constituent__phase_angle sea_surface_water_tide_mn4-constituent__amplitude sea_surface_water_tide_mn4-constituent__degrees-per-hour_speed sea_surface_water_tide_mn4-constituent__period sea_surface_water_tide_mn4-constituent__phase_angle sea_surface_water_tide_ms4-constituent__amplitude sea_surface_water_tide_ms4-constituent__degrees-per-hour_speed sea_surface_water_tide_ms4-constituent__period sea_surface_water_tide_ms4-constituent__phase_angle sea_surface_water_tide_msf-constituent__amplitude sea_surface_water_tide_msf-constituent__degrees-per-hour_speed sea_surface_water_tide_msf-constituent__period sea_surface_water_tide_msf-constituent__phase_angle sea_surface_water_tide_mu2-constituent__amplitude sea_surface_water_tide_mu2-constituent__degrees-per-hour_speed sea_surface_water_tide_mu2-constituent__period sea_surface_water_tide_mu2-constituent__phase_angle sea_surface_water_tide_n2-constituent__amplitude sea_surface_water_tide_n2-constituent__degrees-per-hour_speed sea_surface_water_tide_n2-constituent__period sea_surface_water_tide_n2-constituent__phase_angle sea_surface_water_tide_nu2-constituent__amplitude sea_surface_water_tide_nu2-constituent__degrees-per-hour_speed sea_surface_water_tide_nu2-constituent__period sea_surface_water_tide_nu2-constituent__phase_angle sea_surface_water_tide_o1-constituent__amplitude sea_surface_water_tide_o1-constituent__degrees-per-hour_speed sea_surface_water_tide_o1-constituent__period sea_surface_water_tide_o1-constituent__phase_angle sea_surface_water_tide_oo1-constituent__amplitude sea_surface_water_tide_oo1-constituent__degrees-per-hour_speed sea_surface_water_tide_oo1-constituent__period sea_surface_water_tide_oo1-constituent__phase_angle sea_surface_water_tide_oo2-constituent__amplitude sea_surface_water_tide_oo2-constituent__degrees-per-hour_speed sea_surface_water_tide_oo2-constituent__period sea_surface_water_tide_oo2-constituent__phase_angle sea_surface_water_tide_p1-constituent__amplitude sea_surface_water_tide_p1-constituent__degrees-per-hour_speed sea_surface_water_tide_p1-constituent__period sea_surface_water_tide_p1-constituent__phase_angle sea_surface_water_tide_q1-constituent__amplitude sea_surface_water_tide_q1-constituent__degrees-per-hour_speed sea_surface_water_tide_q1-constituent__period sea_surface_water_tide_q1-constituent__phase_angle sea_surface_water_tide_r2-constituent__amplitude sea_surface_water_tide_r2-constituent__degrees-per-hour_speed sea_surface_water_tide_r2-constituent__period sea_surface_water_tide_r2-constituent__phase_angle sea_surface_water_tide_rho-constituent__amplitude sea_surface_water_tide_rho-constituent__degrees-per-hour_speed sea_surface_water_tide_rho-constituent__period sea_surface_water_tide_rho-constituent__phase_angle sea_surface_water_tide_s1-constituent__amplitude sea_surface_water_tide_s1-constituent__degrees-per-hour_speed sea_surface_water_tide_s1-constituent__period sea_surface_water_tide_s1-constituent__phase_angle sea_surface_water_tide_s2-constituent__amplitude sea_surface_water_tide_s2-constituent__degrees-per-hour_speed sea_surface_water_tide_s2-constituent__period sea_surface_water_tide_s2-constituent__phase_angle sea_surface_water_tide_s4-constituent__amplitude sea_surface_water_tide_s4-constituent__degrees-per-hour_speed sea_surface_water_tide_s4-constituent__period sea_surface_water_tide_s4-constituent__phase_angle sea_surface_water_tide_s6-constituent__amplitude sea_surface_water_tide_s6-constituent__degrees-per-hour_speed sea_surface_water_tide_s6-constituent__period sea_surface_water_tide_s6-constituent__phase_angle sea_surface_water_tide_sa-constituent__amplitude sea_surface_water_tide_sa-constituent__degrees-per-hour_speed sea_surface_water_tide_sa-constituent__period sea_surface_water_tide_sa-constituent__phase_angle sea_surface_water_tide_ssa-constituent__amplitude sea_surface_water_tide_ssa-constituent__degrees-per-hour_speed sea_surface_water_tide_ssa-constituent__period sea_surface_water_tide_ssa-constituent__phase_angle sea_surface_water_tide_t2-constituent__amplitude sea_surface_water_tide_t2-constituent__degrees-per-hour_speed sea_surface_water_tide_t2-constituent__period sea_surface_water_tide_t2-constituent__phase_angle sea_surface_storm_water__surge_height ##### sea_surface_water_wave__amplitude sea_surface_water_wave__breaking_height sea_surface_water_wave__breaking_height-to-depth_ratio (also called the "breaker index") sea_surface_water_wave__energy-per-unit-area_density sea_surface_water_wave__frequency sea_surface_water_wave__group_speed sea_surface_water_wave__group-speed-to-phase-speed_ratio (usually called "wave speed ratio") sea_surface_water_wave__height sea_surface_water_wave__intrinsic_angular_frequency (vs. observed_angular_frequency) sea_surface_water_wave__max_of_orbital_speed sea_surface_water_wave__observed_angular_frequency (vs. intrinsic_angular_frequency) sea_surface_water_wave__orbital_speed sea_surface_water_wave__period sea_surface_water_wave__phase_angle (usually just called the "phase") sea_surface_water_wave__phase_speed sea_surface_water_wave__power (between wave rays) #### sea_surface_water_wave__refraction_angle (acute angle between wave crest line and tangent to bathymetric contour line) #### sea_surface_water_wave__significant_height sea_surface_water_wave__steepness (wave height over wavelength) sea_surface_water_wave__time_integral_from_start_of_cos_of_angular_frequency_times_time sea_surface_water_wave__time_integral_from_start_of_$\cos(\omega(k)*t)$ sea_surface_water_wave__time_mean_of_height sea_surface_water_wave__time_median_of_height sea_surface_water_wave__wavelength sea_surface_water_wave__wavenumber sea_surface_water_wave_crest_x-section__vertex_angle sea_surface_water_wave_ray__incidence_angle (in deep water, before refraction) sea_surface_water_carbon-dioxide__partial_pressure sea_surface_water_wave__breaking_fraction sea_water_above-bottom__height sea_water_aphotic-zone_top__depth sea_water_below-surface__depth ## (could use "subsurface" vs. "below-surface", but "above-bottom" is better than "superbottom".) sea_water__anomaly_of_mass-to-volume_density sea_water__brunt_vaisala_frequency (also called "buoyancy_frequency" sea_water__depth (or "sea_water_bottom" + "depth" ??) ########### sea_water__electrical_conductivity sea_water__flow_speed sea_water__heat_capacity_ratio (cp/cv = Cp/Cv) sea_water__isentropic_compressibility (same as adiabatic) sea_water__isothermal_compressibility sea_water__mass-specific_isobaric_heat_capacity (isobaric = constant pressure, cp) sea_water__mass-specific_isochoric_heat_capacity (isochoric = constant volume, cv) sea_water__mass-specific_latent_fusion_heat (solid to liquid; melting) sea_water__mass-specific_latent_vaporization_heat (liquid to gas) sea_water__mass-to-volume_density sea_water__osmotic_pressure sea_water__potential_temperature sea_water__salinity sea_water__secchi_depth sea_water__static_pressure sea_water__temperature sea_water__thermal_conductivity sea_water__thermal_inertia sea_water__thermal_resistivity (reciprocal of thermal_conductivity) sea_water__thermal_volume_expansion_coefficient (there are also coefficients for area and length expansion) sea_water__time_average_of_square_of_potential_temperature sea_water__time_average_of_square_of_salinity sea_water__time_derivative_of_temperature sea_water__time_derivative_of_total_pressure sea_water__volume-specific_isobaric_heat_capacity (isobaric = constant pressure) sea_water__volume-specific_isochoric_heat_capacity (isochoric = constant volume) sea_water__azimuth_angle_of_gradient_of_salinity sea_water__east_derivative_of_salinity sea_water__elevation_angle_of_gradient_of_salinity sea_water__magnitude_of_gradient_of_salinity sea_water__north_derivative_of_salinity sea_water__x_derivative_of_salinity sea_water__y_derivative_of_salinity sea_water__z_derivative_of_salinity sea_water__azimuth_angle_of_gradient_of_temperature sea_water__east_derivative_of_temperature sea_water__elevation_angle_of_gradient_of_temperature sea_water__magnitude_of_gradient_of_temperature sea_water__north_derivative_of_temperature sea_water__x_derivative_of_temperature sea_water__y_derivative_of_temperature sea_water__z_derivative_of_temperature sea_water_biota__mass_concentration sea_water_biota__mass-per-volume_density (biomass) sea_water_carbon-dioxide__mass_concentration sea_water_carbon-dioxide__partial_pressure sea_water_carbon-dioxide__solubility sea_water_carbon-dioxide__volume_concentration sea_water_flow__azimuth_angle_of_bolus_velocity sea_water_flow__east_component_of_bolus_velocity sea_water_flow__elevation_angle_of_bolus_velocity sea_water_flow__magnitude_of_bolus_velocity sea_water_flow__north_component_of_bolus_velocity sea_water_flow__up_component_of_bolus_velocity sea_water_flow__x_component_of_bolus_velocity sea_water_flow__y_component_of_bolus_velocity sea_water_flow__z_component_of_bolus_velocity sea_water_flow__azimuth_angle_of_gradient_of_pressure sea_water_flow__east_derivative_of_pressure sea_water_flow__elevation_angle_of_gradient_of_pressure sea_water_flow__magnitude_of_gradient_of_pressure sea_water_flow__north_derivative_of_pressure sea_water_flow__up_derivative_of_pressure sea_water_flow__x_derivative_of_pressure sea_water_flow__y_derivative_of_pressure sea_water_flow__z_derivative_of_pressure sea_water_flow__azimuth_angle_of_momentum sea_water_flow__east_component_of_momentum sea_water_flow__elevation_angle_of_momentum sea_water_flow__magnitude_of_momentum sea_water_flow__north_component_of_momentum sea_water_flow__up_component_of_momentum sea_water_flow__x_component_of_momentum sea_water_flow__y_component_of_momentum sea_water_flow__z_component_of_momentum sea_water_flow__z_integral_of_u_component_of_momentum sea_water_flow__z_integral_of_v_component_of_momentum sea_water_flow__azimuth_angle_of_velocity sea_water_flow__east_component_of_velocity sea_water_flow__elevation_angle_of_velocity sea_water_flow__magnitude_of_velocity sea_water_flow__north_component_of_velocity sea_water_flow__up_component_of_velocity sea_water_flow__x_component_of_velocity sea_water_flow__y_component_of_velocity sea_water_flow__z_component_of_velocity sea_water_flow__azimuth_angle_of_vorticity sea_water_flow__east_component_of_vorticity sea_water_flow__elevation_angle_of_vorticity sea_water_flow__magnitude_of_vorticity sea_water_flow__north_component_of_vorticity sea_water_flow__up_component_of_vorticity sea_water_flow__x_component_of_vorticity sea_water_flow__y_component_of_vorticity sea_water_flow__z_component_of_vorticity sea_water_flow__east_east_component_of_reynolds_stress sea_water_flow__east_north_component_of_reynolds_stress sea_water_flow__east_up_component_of_reynolds_stress sea_water_flow__north_north_component_of_reynolds_stress sea_water_flow__north_up_component_of_reynolds_stress sea_water_flow__up_up_component_of_reynolds_stress sea_water_flow__x_x_component_of_reynolds_stress sea_water_flow__x_y_component_of_reynolds_stress sea_water_flow__x_z_component_of_reynolds_stress sea_water_flow__y_y_component_of_reynolds_stress sea_water_flow__y_z_component_of_reynolds_stress sea_water_flow__z_z_component_of_reynolds_stress sea_water_flow__east_east_component_of_stress sea_water_flow__east_north_component_of_stress sea_water_flow__east_up_component_of_stress sea_water_flow__north_north_component_of_stress sea_water_flow__north_up_component_of_stress sea_water_flow__up_up_component_of_stress sea_water_flow__x_x_component_of_stress sea_water_flow__x_y_component_of_stress sea_water_flow__x_z_component_of_stress sea_water_flow__y_y_component_of_stress sea_water_flow__y_z_component_of_stress sea_water_flow__z_z_component_of_stress sea_water_flow__east_east_component_of_viscous_stress sea_water_flow__east_north_component_of_viscous_stress sea_water_flow__east_up_component_of_viscous_stress sea_water_flow__north_north_component_of_viscous_stress sea_water_flow__north_up_component_of_viscous_stress sea_water_flow__up_up_component_of_viscous_stress sea_water_flow__x_x_component_of_viscous_stress sea_water_flow__x_y_component_of_viscous_stress sea_water_flow__x_z_component_of_viscous_stress sea_water_flow__y_y_component_of_viscous_stress sea_water_flow__y_z_component_of_viscous_stress sea_water_flow__z_z_component_of_viscous_stress sea_water_flow__dynamic_pressure sea_water_flow__magnitude_of_stress sea_water_flow__total_pressure sea_water_flow__x_x_component_of_radiation_stress (Sxx, see Notes below) sea_water_flow__x_y_component_of_radiation_stress (Sxy) sea_water_flow__y_y_component_of_radiation_stress (Syy) sea_water_flow__z_x_component_of_radiation_stress (Szx) sea_water_flow__z_y_component_of_radiation_stress (Szy) sea_water_flow__z_integral_of_x_x_component_of_radiation_stress sea_water_flow__z_integral_of_x_y_component_of_radiation_stress sea_water_flow__z_integral_of_y_y_component_of_radiation_stress sea_water_flow__azimuth_angle_of_stokes_drift_velocity sea_water_flow__elevation_angle_of_stokes_drift_velocity sea_water_flow__magnitude_of_stokes_drift_velocity sea_water_flow__x_component_of_stokes_drift_velocity sea_water_flow__y_component_of_stokes_drift_velocity sea_water_flow__z_component_of_stokes_drift_velocity sea_water_flow__time_average_of_z_integral_of_square_of_x_component_of_momentum sea_water_flow__time_average_of_z_integral_of_square_of_y_component_of_momentum sea_water_flow__turbulent_kinetic_energy (or sea_water_turbulence ??) sea_water_heat__horizontal_diffusion_coefficient (vertical or upward or "z" ??) sea_water_heat__vertical_diffusion_coefficient (vertical or upward or "z" ??) sea_water_internal-wave__amplitude sea_water_internal-wave__frequency sea_water_internal-wave__period sea_water_internal-wave__wavelength sea_water_longshore-current__speed sea_water_longshore-current__thickness sea_water_longshore-current__width sea_water_magnesium-sulfate__mass_concentration sea_water_magnesium-sulfate__molar_concentration sea_water_magnesium-sulfate__solubility sea_water_magnesium-sulfate__volume_concentration sea_water_photic-zone_bottom__depth sea_water_potassium-chloride__mass_concentration sea_water_potassium-chloride__molar_concentration sea_water_potassium-chloride__solubility sea_water_potassium-chloride__volume_concentration sea_water_rip-current__length sea_water_rip-current__mean_flow_speed sea_water_rip-current__thickness sea_water_rip-current_neck__width sea_water_salt__horizontal_diffusion_coefficient sea_water_salt__vertical_diffusion_coefficient sea_water_sodium-chloride__mass_concentration sea_water_sodium-chloride__molar_concentration sea_water_sodium-chloride__solubility sea_water_sodium-chloride__volume_concentration sea_water_surf-zone__width #### sea_water_suspended-sediment__mass_concentration sea_water_suspended-sediment__volume_concentration sea_water_tide__period sea_water_tide__range_of_depth sea_water_turbulent-kinetic-energy__diffusion_coefficient sea_water_turbulent-kinetic-energy__horizontal_diffusion_coefficient sea_water_turbulent-kinetic-energy__vertical_diffusion_coefficient
- The word "flow" is used in the object part of these names to mean "flow field". This is another example of the Object Name + Model Name Pattern, because a flow field is a mathematical model that is "imposed" on the sea water.
- Should we allow "surface" to be used here as a shorthand for "top_surface" (e.g. used for glaciers)?
- Many of the variables represented here are actually used within ROMS (Regional Ocean Modeling System), but with a different "long name".
- The term "bolus velocity" dates to about 1967 and is also called the "eddy-induced transport velocity". However, the term is used to refer to the speed at which chewed food travels down the esophagus!
- Longuet-Higgins (1962, 1970ab) developed the mathematical theory of "radiation stress" in the context of ocean waves. These stresses are the cause of longshore currents. Note that "stress" has the same units as "momentum flux", since flux means "per unit area and per unit time).
- Several other properties of water waves are listed and discussed at: Airy wave theory.
- There is a technical distinction between the words "coastline" and "shoreline".
- See: Bottom water, Cabbeling, Intertidal zone, Littoral zone, Longshore drift, Ocean current, Rip current, Tide, Undertow, Wave action and Wavenumber.
Variable Names for Planets
quantity = attribute
object = earth_asthenosphere
object = earth_atmosphere
object = earth_axis
object = earth_black-body
object = earth_core
object = earth_core-mantle_boundary (known in geophysics as "cmb")
object = earth_crust (move to planet attributes ??)
object = earth_crust-mantle_boundary (known in geophysics as "moho", for Mohorovicic discontinuity, about 50 km depth)
object = earth_ellipsoid
object = earth_ellipsoid_origin #### (not all ellipsoid origins are at center of Earth. How is this quantified?
object = earth_ellipsoid_surface
object = earth_ellipsoid_surface_point-pair_geodesic ## (not always a "great circle". Use "point-to-point" vs. "point-pair"?)
object = earth_equator
object = earth_equatorial-plane_sun #####
object = earth_inner-core (solid iron core)
object = earth_lithosphere
object = earth_lithosphere-asthenosphere_boundary (known in geophysics as "lab")
object = earth_lower-mantle
object = earth_mantle
object = earth_mantle_plume
object = earth_mantle_transition-zone
object = earth_mesosphere
object = earth_north-hemisphere
object = earth_north-magnetic-pole
object = earth_orbit
object = earth_outer-core (liquid iron core)
object = earth_prime-meridian
object = earth_south-hemisphere
object = earth_south-magnetic-pole
object = earth_stratosphere ### (mesosphere - stratosphere boundary)
object = earth_stratosphere
object = earth_surface
object = earth_surface_viewpoint
object = earth_tropopause ### (troposphere - stratosphere boundary)
object = earth_troposphere
object = earth_upper-mantle
Examples
earth__bond_albedo (named after George Phillips Bond) earth__coriolis_frequency earth__escape_speed #### (or use earth_gravity__escape_speed? Direction of velocity doesn't matter, just speed.) earth__geometric_albedo earth__mass earth__mean_mass-to-volume_density earth__range_of_elevation earth__rotation_angular_speed ### (or angular_frequency ??) earth__rotation_kinetic_energy earth__rotation_rate earth__rotation_period (see "Process_name + Quantity Pattern") earth__rotational_inertia ### (also called "moment of inertia") earth__sidereal_day earth__solar_azimuth_angle earth__solar_irradiation_constant ( or just "solar constant"? See notes.) earth__solar_elevation_angle earth__solar_zenith_angle earth__standard_gravity_constant (see the Constant template) earth__visual_geometric_albedo earth__volume earth_atmosphere__thickness earth_atmosphere__volume earth_axis__nutation_period ### (CHECK TERM) earth_axis__nutation_rate # ## (CHECK TERM) earth_axis__precession_period earth_axis__precession_rate earth_axis__tilt_angle (see "Object vs. Adjective Rule") earth_black-body__temperature earth_core-mantle_boundary__depth earth_crust-mantle_boundary__depth earth_ellipsoid__eccentricity (e = sqrt[ 1 - (b/a)^2 ].) earth_ellipsoid__equatorial_radius (often denoted as "a", the semi-major axis length) earth_ellipsoid__flattening_ratio (f = (a-b)/a) earth_ellipsoid__inverse_of_flattening_ratio ### (use "reciprocal", or "multiplicative inverse" instead ?) earth_ellipsoid__polar_radius (often denoted as "b", the semi-minor axis length) earth_ellipsoid__second_flattening_ratio (f = (a-b)/b, but rarely used) earth_ellipsoid__third_flattening_ratio (f = (a-b)/(a+b), used in some geodetic calculations) earth_ellipsoid_surface_point-pair_geodesic__distance ## (also called "geographic distance") earth_equator__average_temperature earth_equator__circumference earth_equatorial-plane_sun__declination_angle (also called "solar declination angle"; varies over the year) earth_inner-core_radius earth_lithosphere-asthenosphere_boundary__depth earth_north-magnetic-pole__latitude earth_north-magnetic-pole__longitude earth_south_magnetic_pole__latitude earth_south_magnetic_pole__longitude earth_surface_land__area_fraction earth_surface_ocean__area_fraction earth_orbit__aphelion_distance earth_orbit__perihelion_distance earth_orbit_ellipse__eccentricity (see "Object vs. Adjective Rule") earth_orbit_ellipse_foci__separation_distance earth_orbit_ellipse_semi-major-axis__length earth_orbit_ellipse_semi-minor-axis__length earth_orbit_travel__max_of_speed (i.e. orbital speed, or "orbit following speed"). earth_orbit_travel__mean_of_speed earth_orbit_travel__min_of_speed earth_outer-core__radius earth_surface__average_temperature ##### (how computed ??) earth_surface__range_of_diurnal_temperature earth_surface_incoming-longwave-radiation__energy_flux earth_surface_incoming-shortwave-radiation__energy_flux earth_surface_incoming-total-radiation__energy_flux earth_surface_land__area_fraction earth_surface_ocean__area_fraction earth_surface_wind__range_of_speed earth_surface_viewpoint__elevation earth_surface_viewpoint__latitude earth_surface_viewpoint__longitude earth_surface_viewpoint__solar_noon_time (local clock time when sun is highest in the sky; also called "true solar noon" or "local apparent noon") earth_surface_viewpoint_jupiter__subtended_angle (also called "visual_angle" or "angular_diameter"; see below) earth_surface_viewpoint_jupiter__apparent_magnitude (a measure of "brightness"; include in the name?) ##### earth_surface_viewpoint_jupiter__rise_time earth_surface_viewpoint_jupiter__set_time earth_surface_viewpoint_mars__subtended_angle earth_surface_viewpoint_mars__apparent_magnitude earth_surface_viewpoint_mars__rise_time earth_surface_viewpoint_mars__set_time earth_surface_viewpoint_mercury__subtended_angle earth_surface_viewpoint_mercury__apparent_magnitude earth_surface_viewpoint_mercury__rise_time earth_surface_viewpoint_mercury__set_time earth_surface_viewpoint_moon__subtended_angle earth_surface_viewpoint_moon__apparent_magnitude earth_surface_viewpoint_moon__rise_time earth_surface_viewpoint_moon__set_time earth_surface_viewpoint_neptune__subtended_angle earth_surface_viewpoint_neptune__apparent_magnitude earth_surface_viewpoint_neptune__rise_time earth_surface_viewpoint_neptune__set_time earth_surface_viewpoint_saturn__subtended_angle earth_surface_viewpoint_saturn__apparent_magnitude earth_surface_viewpoint_saturn__rise_time earth_surface_viewpoint_saturn__set_time earth_surface_viewpoint_sun__subtended_angle earth_surface_viewpoint_sun__apparent_magnitude earth_surface_viewpoint_sun__azimuth_angle earth_surface_viewpoint_sun__elevation_angle earth_surface_viewpoint_sun__rise_time earth_surface_viewpoint_sun__set_time earth_surface_viewpoint_sun__zenith_angle earth_surface_viewpoint_uranus__subtended_angle earth_surface_viewpoint_uranus__apparent_magnitude earth_surface_viewpoint_uranus__rise_time earth_surface_viewpoint_uranus__set_time earth_surface_viewpoint_venus__subtended_angle earth_surface_viewpoint_venus__apparent_magnitude earth_surface_viewpoint_venus__rise_time earth_surface_viewpoint_venus__set_time
mars__mean_diameter mars__solar_irradiation_constant mars__standard_gravity_constant mars_axis__tilt_angle mars_ellipsoid__equatorial_radius mars_moon__count (it is 2, Deimos and Phobos) mars_surface_viewpoint_venus__rise_time mars_surface_viewpoint_venus__set_time
mercury_axis__precession_period mercury_axis__precession_rate
venus_axis__tilt_angle venus_orbit__aphelion_distance venus_orbit__perihelion_distance venus_orbit-ecliptic__inclination_angle (or "venus_orbit_to_ecliptic" ?) venus__solar_irradiation_constant venus__standard_gravity_constant (8.83 m s-2)
- Some of these are needed for proper georeferencing or modeling solar radiation via celestial mechanics.
- Notice that the word "ellipsoid" was inserted in three examples above. This is an example of the Object_name + Model_name pattern that is explained at the top of the document: CSDMS Object Templates.
- Solid earth geophysicists use the following acronyms/abbreviations: CMB = core-mantle boundary, LAB = lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary and "moho" = crust-mantle boundary, also called the Mohorovicic discontinuity, at about 50 km depth.
- Note that a "black body" is an idealized version of an object, see: Black body. It is therefore an example of the Object Name + Model Name Pattern.
- See: Orbital elements for a discussion of the 6 parameters (including "inclination angle") that uniquely specify a specific orbit in astronomy.
- Note that Insolation refers to the solar irradiance measured at a given location on Earth, typically around 1000 W/m^2. The Solar irradiation constant is measured at the outer surface of Earth's atmosphere and is roughly 1366 W/m^2. Due to scattering and absorption in the atmosphere, the "insolation" is less than the "solar irradiation constant".
- Declination and Right ascension are used to locate a point on the celestial sphere (in the equatorial coordinate system).
- See: Apparent diameter, Subtended angle and Visual angle. While these three terms are equivalent, the term apparent diameter' suggests units of length when the quantity is actually an angle. The term visual angle makes implicit reference to a viewer". The term subtended angle is a mathematically well-defined concept that involves a point and a distant object, and does not have these other issues.
- See: Angular diameter, Apparent magnitude (as viewed from Earth), Axial precession, Axial tilt, Bond albedo, Declination, Ecliptic, Geodesic, Geodesics on an ellipsoid, Geometric albedo, Great circle, Maximum parcel level, North Magnetic Pole, Nutation, Position of the Sun, Precession, Right ascension, Rhumb line, Solar azimuth angle, Solar elevation angle, Solar zenith angle, Stratopause, Vincenty's formula and Zenith.
Variable Names for Products of a Company
quantity = attribute
- Examples
gm_hummer__weight porsche-911__mrsp_price porsche-911__top_speed toyota_corolla_2008__blue-book-price ### toyota_corolla_2008_engine__volume toyota_corolla_2008_fuel_tank__volume toyota_corolla_2008__fuel_economy [mpg] toyota_corolla_2008__motor-trend-magazine-safety_rating (or "motor_trend_magazine" could go into metadata; how measured)
- We would do something similar for organizations contained within other organizations, such as "us_noaa_nws" (country_agency_program). The general pattern is to go from the general to the specific.
- See CSDMS Quantity Template for Fuel Efficiency.
Variable Names for Projectiles
quantity = attribute
object = projectile
object = projectile_firing-site
object = projectile_firing-site_land_surface
object = projectile_firing-site_wind
object = projectile_impact-crater
object = projectile_rotation-axis
object = projectile_target
object = projectile_target_land_surface
object = projectile_trajectory
object = projectile_x-section
Examples
projectile__acceleration (a vector) projectile__altitude (distance above the ground. preferable to projectile_height) projectile__angular_momentum projectile__angular_velocity (a vector) projectile__azimuth_angle_of_impact_velocity projectile__azimuth_angle_of_initial_velocity (or of_firing_velocity ??) projectile__azimuth_angle_of_velocity projectile__diameter (if spherical) projectile__drag_coefficient projectile__drag_force (a vector) projectile__elevation_angle_of_impact_velocity (also called "impact angle" or "terminal angle") projectile__elevation_angle_of_initial_velocity (also called "launch angle" or "firing angle") projectile__elevation_angle_of_velocity projectile__firing_speed projectile__firing_time projectile__flight_duration projectile__impact_depth projectile__impact_force projectile__impact_time projectile__impact_velocity (a vector) projectile__initial_altitude (this would be zero if fired from the ground or nonzero if fired from aloft) projectile__initial_angular_momentum projectile__initial_elevation (this would be undefined if fired from aloft) projectile__initial_latitude projectile__initial_longitude projectile__initial_velocity (a vector) projectile__kinetic_energy projectile__kinetic_energy_plus_potential_energy projectile__length (if cylindrical) projectile__lift_coefficient projectile__lift_force (a vector) projectile__mach_number projectile__magnitude_of_drag_force projectile__magnitude_of_lift_force projectile__mass projectile__mass-per-volume_density ##### projectile__max_of_altitude (highest point on the trajectory) projectile__momentum projectile__potential_energy projectile__potential_range_distance (max possible, if fired at 45 degree angle) projectile__propelling_force projectile__range_distance (i.e. horizontal travel distance) projectile__reynolds_number projectile__roll_rotation_rate ##### projectile__rotational_inertia projectile__specific_kinetic_energy [J kg-1] projectile__specific_potential_energy [J kg-1] projectile__speed projectile__thermal_energy projectile__velocity (a vector) projectile__weight projectile__x_component_of_acceleration projectile__x_component_of_velocity projectile__y_component_of_acceleration projectile__y_component_of_velocity projectile__z_component_of_acceleration projectile__z_component_of_velocity projectile_firing-site__elevation projectile_firing-site__latitude projectile_firing-site__longitude projectile_firing-site__speed projectile_firing-site__velocity (a vector) projectile_firing-site__x_component_of_acceleration projectile_firing-site__x_component_of_velocity projectile_firing-site__y_component_of_acceleration projectile_firing-site__y_component_of_velocity projectile_firing-site__z_component_of_acceleration projectile_firing-site__z_component_of_velocity projectile_firing-site_land_surface__aspect_angle projectile_firing-site_land_surface__slope projectile_firing-site_land_surface__slope_angle projectile_firing-site_wind__azimuth_angle_of_velocity projectile_firing-site_wind__elevation_angle_of_velocity projectile_firing-site_wind__speed projectile_firing-site_wind__velocity (a vector) projectile_firing-site_wind__x_component_of_velocity projectile_firing-site_wind__y_component_of_velocity projectile_firing-site_wind__z_component_of_velocity projectile_impact-crater__depth (insert "land_surface" ??) projectile_impact-crater__diameter projectile_target__elevation projectile_target__latitude projectile_target__longitude projectile_target__speed projectile_target__velocity (a vector) projectile_target__x_component_of_acceleration projectile_target__x_component_of_velocity projectile_target__y_component_of_acceleration projectile_target__y_component_of_velocity projectile_target__z_component_of_acceleration projectile_target__z_component_of_velocity projectile_target_land_surface__aspect_angle projectile_target_land_surface__slope projectile_target_land_surface__slope_angle projectile_trajectory__curvature projectile_trajectory__length projectile_x-section__area
- "Projectile" is a generic object name that could refer to a cannonball, bullet, arrow, crossbow bolt, spear, missile, etc. We may want to make a distinction between projectiles (that are fired or launched) and meteors (that "just arrive").
- We could use "initial_elevation", "initial_latitude" and "initial_longitude" as quantity names with "projectile" as the object. However, using "projectile_firing-site" as the object name would make it possible to specify additional attributes (other than elevation, latitude and longitude) of the firing site, such as the topographic slope or aspect. It is also possible for the "firing site" to be moving (e.g. aircraft or ship), and then we need to be able to specify its velocity as well.
- Roll_angle, pitch_angle and yaw_angle are used for aircraft and perhaps could be used to describe rotation of a projectile in flight.
- See: Drag coefficient, Euler angles, Impact depth, Lift coefficient, Mach number, Magnus effect, Projectile, Range of a projectile, Rifling, and Trajectory of a projectile.
Variable Names for Radiation
quantity = attribute
quantity = "absorbance"
quantity = "albedo"
quantity = "amplitude"
quantity = "emission_angle"
quantity = "emissivity"
quantity = "energy_flux"
quantity = "frequency"
quantity = "incidence_angle"
quantity = "intensity"
quantity = "period"
quantity = "phase_angle"
quantity = "reflectance"
quantity = "standard_refraction_index"
quantity = "transmittance"
quantity = "wavelength"
Examples:
See examples in Attributes of the Atmosphere, Attributes of Oceans and Attributes of Topography.
- Albedo is also called "diffuse reflectivity" or "reflectance coefficient".
- See the Radiation template on this page for numerous examples of radiation fluxes.
- Note that "refraction_index" is an example of a quantity that really requires two objects to be specified, electromagnetic radiation or light of a particular wavelength and the medium that it is traveling through (e.g. air, water, vacuum). However, standard refractive index measurements (see List of refractive indices) are taken at the yellow doublet sodium D line, with a wavelength of 589 nanometers. So in CSDMS standard names the insertion of the adjective "standard" means that only one object, the medium, needs to be specified. So "air_radiation" + "standard_refraction_index" would be a valid and unambiguous name, but an <assume> tag should be included in the Model Coupling Metadata (MCM) file that specifies: "at_reference_wavelength_of_589_nm" (and maybe also "yellow_doublet_sodium_d_line_reference".) We may also want to allow names such as "550_nm_light_in_air_refraction_index".
- See: Absorbance, Albedo, Amplitude, Electromagnetic radiation, Frequency, Intensity in physics, Phase angle, Reflectivity, Refraction index, Transmittance, Visible radiation and Wavelength.
Variable Names for Sea Ice
quantity = attribute
object = "sea_ice"
object = "sea_ice_bottom"
object = "sea_ice_bottom_water"
object = "sea_ice_incoming-longwave-radiation"
object = "sea_ice_incoming-shortwave-radiation"
object = "sea_ice_incoming-total-radiation"
object = "sea_ice_meltwater"
object = "sea_ice_salt"
object = "sea_ice_surface"
object = "sea_ice_surface_air"
object = "sea_ice_surface_air_flow"
Examples
sea_ice__age sea_ice__albedo sea_ice__area sea_ice__area_fraction (vs. "sea_ice_concentration"; see Concentration) sea_ice__depression_of_melting_point_temperature sea_ice__draft_depth (i.e. depth below water surface) sea_ice__dynamic_shear_viscosity sea_ice__dynamic_volume_viscosity sea_ice__emissivity sea_ice__extent (see Notes below) sea_ice__freeboard_height (i.e. height above water surface) sea_ice__heat_capacity_ratio (cp/cv = Cp/Cv) sea_ice__isentropic_compressibility ### (same as "adiabatic") sea_ice__isothermal_compressibility sea_ice__kinematic_shear_viscosity sea_ice__kinematic_volume_viscosity sea_ice__mass-per-volume_density sea_ice__mass-specific_isobaric_heat_capacity (isobaric = constant pressure) sea_ice__mass-specific_isochoric_heat_capacity (isochoric = constant volume) sea_ice__mass-specific_latent_fusion_heat (solid to liquid; melting) sea_ice__mass-specific_latent_sublimation_heat (solid to gas) sea_ice__melt_mass_flux ##### ([kg m-2 s-1], instead of ambiguous melt_rate) sea_ice__melt_volume_flux ([m s-1], instead of ambiguous melt_rate) sea_ice__melting_point_temperature sea_ice__relative_permittivity (also called "relative dielectric constant", but not a constant) sea_ice__salinity (parts per thousand?) sea_ice__sublimation_mass_flux sea_ice__sublimation_volume_flux sea_ice__thermal_conductivity sea_ice__thermal_diffusivity sea_ice__thermal_inertia sea_ice__thermal_resistivity (reciprocal of thermal_conductivity) sea_ice__thermal_volume_expansion_coefficient (there are also coefficients for area and length expansion) sea_ice__thickness sea_ice__time_derivative_of_area_fraction sea_ice__time_derivative_of_extent sea_ice__time_derivative_of_thickness sea_ice__time_derivative_of_volume sea_ice__volume sea_ice__volume-specific_isobaric_heat_capacity (isobaric = constant pressure) sea_ice__volume-specific_isochoric_heat_capacity (isochoric = constant volume) sea_ice_bottom_water__salinity sea_ice_bottom_water__temperature sea_ice_bottom_water_salt__mass_flux sea_ice_incoming-longwave-radiation__absorptance sea_ice_incoming-longwave-radiation__absorbed_energy_flux sea_ice_incoming-longwave-radiation__reflectance sea_ice_incoming-longwave-radiation__reflected_energy_flux sea_ice_incoming-longwave-radiation__transmittance sea_ice_incoming-longwave-radiation__transmitted_energy_flux (sent down to sea water below) sea_ice_incoming-shortwave-radiation__absorptance sea_ice_incoming-shortwave-radiation__absorbed_energy_flux sea_ice_incoming-shortwave-radiation__reflectance sea_ice_incoming-shortwave-radiation__reflected_energy_flux sea_ice_incoming-shortwave-radiation__transmittance sea_ice_incoming-shortwave-radiation__transmitted_energy_flux (sent down to sea water below) sea_ice_incoming-total-radiation__absorptance sea_ice_incoming-total-radiation__absorbed_energy_flux sea_ice_incoming-total-radiation__reflectance sea_ice_incoming-total-radiation__reflected_energy_flux sea_ice_incoming-total-radiation__transmittance sea_ice_incoming-total-radiation__transmitted_energy_flux (sent down to sea water below) sea_ice_outgoing-longwave-radiation__downward_energy_flux (emitted downward into sea water) sea_ice_outgoing-longwave-radiation__emittance sea_ice_outgoing-longwave-radiation__upward_energy_flux (emitted upward into air) sea_ice_salt__mass_concentration ### (or use sea_ice + salinity ??) sea_ice_salt__volume_concentration sea_ice_surface_air__temperature
- The quantity "sea_ice_extent" is related to "sea_ice_area" but involves a "reference threshold" (as a percentage, usually 15%) that must be specified with an <assume> tag in a Model Coupling Metadata (MCM) file. See Measurement of sea ice. Also see Reference Quantities.
- What about "sea_ice_mass_balance" ? The term "mass_balance" is also used in glaciology but is confusing outside of that domain.
- What about latent and sensible heat flux?
- Some processes that affect sea ice are: brine rejection, freezing, melting and radiation.
- See Concentration, Fraction and Thickness.
Variable Names for Snow
quantity = attribute
object = snow
object = snow_grain
object = snowpack
object = snowpack_bottom
object = snowpack_bottom_ice_layer
object = snowpack_bottom_surface
object = snowpack_core
object = snowpack_first-crust #### or ice_first-layer ??
object = snowpack_layer
object = snowpack_meltwater
object = snowpack_new-snow
object = snowpack_second-crust #### or ice_second-layer ??
object = snowpack_snow_grain
object = snowpack_soil
object = snowpack_top
object = snowpack_top_surface
Examples
snow__blowing_speed #### ?? snow__energy-per-area_cold_content ## (energy required to raise snowpack temperature to the melting point; a deficit) snow__heat_capacity_ratio (cp/cv = Cp/Cv) snow__mass-per-volume_density snow__mass-specific_isobaric_heat_capacity (isobaric = constant pressure) snow__mass-specific_isochoric_heat_capacity (isochoric = constant volume) snow__thermal_conductivity snow__thermal_diffusivity snow__thermal_inertia snow__thermal_resistivity (reciprocal of thermal_conductivity) snow__volume-specific_isobaric_heat_capacity (isobaric = constant pressure) snow__volume-specific_isochoric_heat_capacity (isochoric = constant volume) snow_grain__mean_diameter snowpack__age snowpack__depth (chosen instead of "thickness", based on common usage and "water depth") ##### snowpack__diurnal_max_of_temperature snowpack__diurnal_min_of_temperature snowpack__diurnal_range_of_temperature snowpack__isentropic_compressibility ### (same as "adiabatic") snowpack__isothermal_compressibility snowpack__liquid-equivalent_depth ### (usually called "snow water equivalent" depth) snowpack__mass-per-volume_density snowpack__mean_of_mass-per-volume_density ### (include initial and final prefixes ??) snowpack__melt_mass_flux ### (or snowpack_meltwater__mass_flux, but what about sublimation, etc. ?) snowpack__melt_volume_flux ### (or snowpack_meltwater__volume_flux ?) snowpack__sublimation_mass_flux snowpack__sublimation_volume_flux snowpack__time_derivative_of_depth snowpack__time_derivative_of_temperature snowpack_bottom__temperature snowpack_bottom_heat__net_conduction_energy_flux [W m-2] (into or out of the land surface or soil) snowpack_core__length snowpack_first-crust__depth #### (or snowpack_top-ice-layer + depth ??) snowpack_ice-layer__count snowpack_incoming-longwave-radiation__absorbed_energy_flux snowpack_incoming-longwave-radiation__absorptance snowpack_incoming-longwave-radiation__energy_flux snowpack_incoming-longwave-radiation__reflectance snowpack_incoming-longwave-radiation__reflected_energy_flux snowpack_incoming-shortwave-radiation__absorbed_energy_flux snowpack_incoming-shortwave-radiation__absorptance snowpack_incoming-shortwave-radiation__energy_flux snowpack_incoming-shortwave-radiation__reflectance snowpack_incoming-shortwave-radiation__reflected_energy_flux snowpack_incoming-total-radiation__absorbed_energy_flux snowpack_incoming-total-radiation__absorptance snowpack_incoming-total-radiation__energy_flux snowpack_incoming-total-radiation__reflectance snowpack_incoming-total-radiation__reflected_energy_flux snowpack_new-snow__depth snowpack_outgoing-longwave-radiation__emittance snowpack_outgoing-longwave-radiation__emitted_energy_flux snowpack_second-crust__depth snowpack_top__albedo snowpack_top__emissivity snowpack_top__net_latent_heat_flux [W m-2] snowpack_top__net_sensible_heat_flux [W m-2] snowpack_top__temperature snowpack_top_air__temperature snowpack_top_surface__indentation_hardness wet-snow_rubber__kinetic_friction_coefficient wet-snow_rubber__static_friction_coefficient wet-snow_waxed-ski__kinetic_friction_coefficient wet-snow_waxed-ski__static_friction_coefficient
- The use of "snowpack" here is directly analogous to the use of "glacier" in the CSDMS Standard Names. The first is an entity made of snow; the second made of ice. Both "snowpack" and "snowcover" are widely-used terms for the same thing.
- Here we take "snowpack" to mean any mass of snow that has accumulated on the ground, whether or not it has been "compressed" or "packed".
- The concept of "snow" generalizes to frozen precipitation of other substances like carbon dioxide (on Mars) and methane (on Jupiter's moon, Titan). The current and natural trend is to simply call these "carbon-dioxide_snow" and "methane_snow". The word "snow" used by itself then means "water_snow". Similarly, we could use "carbon-dioxide_ice" and "methane_ice", even though the former is also known as "dry ice".
- Do we need to use "land_snow" and "ice_snow", etc. ??
Variable Names for Soil
quantity = attribute
object = soil
object = soil_active-layer
object = soil_air
object = soil_capillary-fringe
object = soil_clay
object = soil_column
object = soil_epiphreatic-zone
object = soil_horizontal-section
object = soil_ice
object = soil_ice_lense
object = soil_ice_thawing-front
object = soil_inactive-layer
object = soil_laterite-layer
object = soil_layer
object = soil_loam
object = soil_macropores
object = soil_parent-material
object = soil_permafrost
object = soil_permafrost_bottom
object = soil_permafrost_top
object = soil_profile
object = soil_regolith-layer
object = soil_root-zone
object = soil_sand
object = soil_saprolite-layer
object = soil_silt
object = soil_surface
object = soil_surface_water
object = soil_vertical-section
object = soil_water
object = soil_water_flow
object = soil_water_frost-front ####
object = soil_water_sat-zone (also called the "phreatic zone")
object = soil_water_sat-zone_top (i.e. the water table)
object = soil_water_unsat-zone (also called the "vadose zone"
object = soil_water_wetting-front (as water infiltrates down into dry soil)
object = soil_horizon-a
object = soil_horizon-b
object = soil_horizon-c
object = soil_horizon-d
object = soil_horizon-e
object = soil_horizon_l
object = soil_horizon-o
object = soil_horizon-p
object = soil_horizon_r
object = soil_solum
Examples
model_soil_layer_0__porosity model_soil_layer_0__saturated_thickness model_soil_layer_0__thickness soil__freeze_depth ### (use "soil_water" instead ?) soil__heat_capacity_ratio (cp/cv = Cp/Cv) soil__mass-per_volume_bulk_density (also called "dry density") soil__mass-per-volume_density (also called "total density" or "wet density") soil__mass-per-volume_particle_density soil__mass-specific_isobaric_heat_capacity (isobaric = constant pressure) soil__mass-specific_isochoric_heat_capacity (isochoric = constant volume) soil__permeability soil__porosity soil__reference_depth_temperature soil__specific_permeability (function of medium only, not fluid) soil__temperature soil__temperature_reference_depth soil__thaw_depth ### (use "soil_water" for object? thaw depth = annual average thickness of active layer) soil__thermal_conductivity soil__thermal_diffusivity soil__thermal_inertia soil__thermal_resistivity (reciprocal of thermal_conductivity) soil__thickness soil__void_ratio (not same as porosity. Same as "soil_air__volume_fraction" ?) soil__volume-specific_isobaric_heat_capacity (isobaric = constant pressure) soil__volume-specific_isochoric_heat_capacity (isochoric = constant volume) soil_bedrock_top__depth # (same as "soil_bottom" + "depth" ?) soil_horizon-a__thickness soil_horizon-b__thickness soil_horizon-c__thickness soil_horizon-d__thickness soil_horizon-e__thickness soil_horizon-l__thickness soil_horizon-o__thickness soil_horizon-p__thickness soil_horizon-r__thickness soil_active-layer__porosity soil_active-layer__saturated_thickness soil_active-layer__thickness soil_horizontal-section_macropores__area_fraction (in PIHM) ##### soil_top-layer__porosity soil_top-layer__saturated_thickness soil_top-layer__thickness soil_macropores__horizontal_saturated_hydraulic_conductivity (in PIHM) soil_macropores__cutoff_depth ### (or "max_of_penetration_depth" ?) soil_macropores__vertical_saturated_hydraulic_conductivity (in PIHM) soil_macropores__volume_fraction soil_permafrost__thickness soil_permafrost_bottom__depth soil_permafrost_top__depth soil_regolith-layer__thickness soil_root-zone__thickness soil_surface_water__domain_time_integral_of_infiltration_volume_flux [m3] (for checking mass conservation) soil_surface_water__volume_fraction ### (also called "water content") soil_surface_water__infiltration_mass_flux [kg m-2 s-1] soil_surface_water__infiltration_volume_flux [m s-1] ### (usually called "infiltration_rate") soil_surface_water__time_integral_of_infiltration_volume_flux [m] ### (sometimes called "cumulative infiltrated depth"; from start of run) soil_vertical-section_macropores__area_fraction (in PIHM) ######## soil_clay__mass_fraction soil_ice__mass_fraction soil_loam__mass_fraction soil_organic-matter__mass_fraction soil_sand__mass_fraction soil_silt__mass_fraction soil_water__mass_fraction soil_clay__oven-dried_mass_fraction soil_loam__oven-dried_mass_fraction soil_organic-matter__oven-dried_mass_fraction soil_sand__oven-dried_mass_fraction soil_silt__oven-dried_mass_fraction soil_water__oven-dried_mass_fraction soil_air__volume_fraction (not same as porosity) soil_clay__volume_fraction soil_ice__volume_fraction soil_loam__volume_fraction soil_organic-matter__volume_fraction soil_sand__volume_fraction soil_silt__volume_fraction soil_water__volume_fraction soil_water__air-dried_pressure_head soil_water__atterberg_activity_index soil_water__atterberg_liquid_limit_volume_fraction soil_water__atterberg_liquidity_index soil_water__atterberg_plastic_limit_volume_fraction soil_water__atterberg_plasticity_index soil_water__atterberg_shrinkage_limit_volume_fraction soil_water__brooks-corey_b_parameter (lambda = 1/b) soil_water__brooks-corey_eta_parameter soil_water__brooks-corey_lambda_parameter soil_water__brooks-corey-smith_c_parameter soil_water__brooks-corey-smith_pressure_head_offset #### (or "offset_of_pressure_head" ?) soil_water__bubbling_pressure_head (or air_entry_pressure_head ??) soil_water__diffusivity ### (better to use "richards_diffusivity" ??) soil_water__effective_hydraulic_conductivity soil_water__effective_saturated_hydraulic_conductivity ("effective" indicates a representative value for a region, e.g. grid cell) soil_water__field-capacity_pressure_head soil_water__field-capacity_volume_fraction (usually called "field-capacity water content) soil_water__green-ampt_capillary_length (denoted as G. could use "green_ampt_g_parameter".) soil_water__hydraulic_conductivity (function of medium and fluid) soil_water__hygroscopic_pressure_head soil_water__hygroscopic_volume_fraction (usually called "hygroscopic water content") soil_water__infiltration_mass_flux soil_water__infiltration_volume_flux ### (at any depth below surface; downward is implied ? OR z_component_of_darcy_velocity) soil_water__initial_normalized_volume_fraction soil_water__initial_volume_fraction (water content or soil moisture) soil_water__mass_fraction soil_water__normalized_hydraulic_conductivity soil_water__normalized_volume_fraction (also called "normalized water content" or "effective saturation") soil_water__oven-dried_pressure_head soil_water__philip_sorptivity ### (a parameter in an older empirical treatment) soil_water__potential_infiltration_volume_flux (less standard term for fc = infiltrability; max possible rate, given sufficient supply) soil_water__pressure_head soil_water__relative_hydraulic_conductivity (K/Ks) soil_water__residual_volume_fraction (water content) soil_water__saturated_hydraulic_conductivity (function of medium and fluid) soil_water__saturated_volume_fraction (usually called "saturated water content") soil_water__smith-parlange_gamma_parameter soil_water__van-genuchten_alpha_parameter ##### (should this be for soil or "soil_water" ??) soil_water__van-genuchten_m_parameter soil_water__van-genuchten_n_parameter soil_water__wilting-point_pressure_head soil_water__wilting-point_volume_fraction (usually called "wilting-point water content") soil_water_flow__azimuth_angle_of_darcy_velocity soil_water_flow__elevation_angle_of_darcy_velocity soil_water_flow__x_component_of_darcy_velocity (darcy_velocity = specific_discharge, macroscopic = volume flux) soil_water_flow__y_component_of_darcy_velocity soil_water_flow__z_component_of_darcy_velocity soil_water_sat-zone__thickness (if underlaid by an impermeable surface) soil_water_sat-zone_top__domain_time_integral_of_recharge_volume_flux [m3] (for checking mass conservation) soil_water_sat-zone_top__depth (i.e. depth to the water table) soil_water_sat-zone_top__offset_depth (i.e. depth below the water table; compare to just "depth") soil_water_sat-zone_top__recharge_mass_flux soil_water_sat-zone_top__recharge_volume_flux soil_water_sat-zone_top__time_integral_of_recharge_volume_flux [m] soil_water_sat-zone_top_surface__elevation (i.e. water table elevation) ## (what about "land_subsurface_water_sat-zone" ?) soil_water_sat-zone_top_surface__slope soil_water_sat-zone_top_surface__x_derivative_of_elevation soil_water_sat-zone_top_surface__y_derivative_of_elevation soil_water_unsat-zone__thickness soil_ice_thawing-front__depth soil_water_frost-front__depth soil_water_wetting-front__depth
- The quantity name darcy_velocity is used for the volume flux that is otherwise known as the specific discharge. Freeze and Cherry (1979) mention both names, but emphasize the latter in order to make a clear distinction between it and the microscopic fluid velocity within pores. It has units of velocity and in the general case is modeled as a (macroscopic) three-dimensional velocity field (i.e. 3 components). Retaining the adjective "darcy" serves as a reminder of its origins and macroscopic nature.
- The quantity name volume_fraction is used instead of the more standard term water content. By keeping the word "water" in the (compound) object name "soil_water" and out of the quantity name, we maintain consistency with other standard names. "Volume_fraction" is also more self-explanatory.
- Some of the objects and quantities identified here do not require there to be an actual "soil". For example, "land_subsurface_water" is also allowed and could be used in place of "soil_water" in "soil_water_sat-zone_top" + "depth".
- The Brooks-Corey, van Genuchten and modified Brooks-Corey (or Brooks-Corey-Smith) equations are empirical and contain several parameters. They are referred to as "soil water retention curves", and therefore involve both the soil and the water.
- The quantity name potential_infiltration_rate is used instead of the alternate name infiltrability since it is the max possible infiltration rate.
- The term "baseflow" refers to the process where the water table rises locally above the land surface which results in a positive contribution to the surface water budget. It cannot be negative. The rate at which baseflow contributes water to the surface water can be quantified with either a mass flux [kg m-2 s-1] or a volume flux [m s-1].
- Note that "soil_surface_water" and "land_surface_water" are very similar. The CSDMS standard names use "soil_surface_water" to describe attributes of the movement of water through soil just below the land surface and "land_surface_water" to describe the water above the land surface.
- What about Laterite, Pedolith, Pedosphere, Regolith and Saprolite (chemically weathered rock) ?
- See: Active layer, Atterberg Limits, Baseflow, Characterization of pore space in soil, Cryoturbation, Earth's Critical Zone, Macropore, Matrix (geology), Parent material, Permafrost, Phreatic zone, Soil, Soil biomantle, Soil organic matter, Soil science, Soil horizon, Soil mechanics, Soil resistivity, Solum, Sorptivity, Subsurface flow, Thaw depth, Vadoze zone and Water content.
- There are several quantity names associated with soil chemistry. See: Anion-exchange capacity, Base saturation, Base-cation saturation ratio, Cation-exchange capacity, soil pH and soil reaction.
- See Variable Names for Topography that start with "land_surface_water" for several that are relevant for infiltration.
Variable Names for Sea Floor Debris Flows
quantity = attribute
object = "sea_bottom_surface"
object = "sea_bottom_water_debris_deposit"
object = "sea_bottom_water_debris_flow"
object = "sea_bottom_water_debris_flow_plug-layer"
object = "sea_bottom_water_debris_flow_shear-layer"
object = "sea_bottom_water_debris_flow_top"
- Examples
sea_bottom_surface__slope sea_bottom_water__mass-per-volume_density sea_bottom_water_debris_deposit__initial_length sea_bottom_water_debris_flow__dynamic_shear_viscosity sea_bottom_water_debris_flow__herschel_bulkley_coefficient sea_bottom_water_debris_flow__herschel_bulkley_exponent sea_bottom_water_debris_flow__mass-per-volume_density sea_bottom_water_debris_flow__thickness sea_bottom_water_debris_flow__yield_stress sea_bottom_water_debris_flow_plug-layer__thickness sea_bottom_water_debris_flow_shear-layer__flow_speed sea_bottom_water_debris_flow_shear-layer__thickness sea_bottom_water_debris_flow_top__speed sea_water__depth
- Subaqueous debris flows have been modeled as Herschel-Bulkley fluids with an exponent of 1 (i.e. the special case of a Bingham plastic). See: Imran, J., P. Harff and G. Parker (2001) A numerical model of submarine debris flow with graphical user interface, Computers and Geosciences, 27, 717-729. (The name of the model is BING.)
Variable Names for Topography
quantity = attribute
quantity = "aspect_angle" (aspect is not used by itself)
quantity = "elevation"
quantity = "mean_curvature"
quantity = "plan_curvature"
quantity = "profile_curvature"
quantity = "slope" [unitless = rise/run = L/L]
quantity = "slope_angle" [radians or degrees]
quantity = "specific_contributing_area"
quantity = "streamline_curvature"
quantity = "tangential_curvature"
quantity = "total_contributing_area"
object = "land"
object = "land_subsurface"
object = "land_subsurface_water_saturated-zone"
object = "land_subsurface_water_saturated-zone_top" (i.e. surface of groundwater table)
object = "land_subsurface_water_unsaturated-zone"
object = "land_surface"
object = "land_surface_10m-above" #########
object = "land_surface_air"
object = "land_surface_contour-segment"
object = "land_surface_ice"
object = "land_surface_polygon"
object = "land_surface_soil"
object = "land_surface_water"
object = "land_surface_water_sink"
object = "land_surface_water_source"
object = "land_vegetation"
object = "land_vegetation_canopy"
object = "land_vegetation_floor"
Examples
land_domain_boundary__elevation_lowering_rate land_subsurface_water_saturated-zone_top__depth #### CHECK land_surface__albedo land_surface__anomaly_of_temperature land_surface__aspect_angle # (azimuth angle of opposite of gradient of elevation) land_surface__elevation land_surface__gaussian_curvature land_surface__increment_of_elevation land_surface__initial_elevation land_surface__laplacian_of_elevation (Is "laplacian curvature" a synonym ??) land_surface__latitude land_surface__longitude land_surface__max_of_elevation land_surface__max_of_increment_of_elevation land_surface__max_normal_curvature land_surface__mean_curvature land_surface__min_of_elevation land_surface__min_of_increment_of_elevation land_surface__min_normal_curvature land_surface__plan_curvature land_surface__profile_curvature land_surface__slope land_surface__slope_angle land_surface__specific_contributing_area (measured by D8, D-inf, etc.) land_surface__streamline_curvature land_surface__sunshine_duration (or "daylight_duration") land_surface__tangential_curvature land_surface__temperature land_surface__thermal_inertia land_surface__time_derivative_of_elevation land_surface__topographic_wetness_index land_surface__x_derivative_of_elevation ### (same as "x_component_of_gradient_of_elevation") land_surface__x_derivative_of_slope ### (same as "x_component_of_gradient_of_slope") land_surface__x_x_derivative_of_elevation land_surface__x_y_derivative_of_elevation land_surface__y_derivative_of_elevation ### (same as "y_component_of_gradient_of_elevation") land_surface__y_derivative_of_slope ### (same as "y_component_of_gradient_of_slope") land_surface__y_y_derivative_of_elevation land_surface_air__temperature ## (See variable names starting with "atmosphere_bottom_air"; same as "atmosphere_bottom_air__temperature") land_surface_air__pressure ## (same as "atmosphere_bottom_air__pressure") ### See: atmosphere_bottom_air_land_net-latent-heat__energy_flux ### land_surface_air_incoming-latent-heat__energy_flux [W m-2] (incoming to the *air*, since air is last) land_surface_air_incoming-sensible-heat__energy_flux [W m-2] land_surface_air_net-latent-heat__energy_flux [W m-2] (via mass transport, such as evaporation, sublimation or condensation; net = incoming-outgoing to the *air* ) land_surface_air_net-sensible-heat__energy_flux [W m-2] (via turbulent conduction) ### (use "conducted_energy_flux" ??) land_surface_contour-segment__total_contributing_area (measured by: D8, D-inf., mass flux algorithm, etc.) ###### land_surface_polygon__total_contributing_area ## (maybe use "parcel" vs. "polygon" ?) land_surface_transect__total_contributing_area land_surface_10m-above_air__temperature (if land or sea, use "earth") land_surface_10m-above_air_flow__speed land_surface_10m-above_air_flow__x_component_of_velocity land_surface_10m-above_air_flow__y_component_of_velocity land_surface_incoming-longwave-radiation__absorbed_energy_flux land_surface_incoming-longwave-radiation__absorptance land_surface_incoming-longwave-radiation__energy_flux land_surface_incoming-longwave-radiation__reflectance land_surface_incoming-longwave-radiation__reflected_energy_flux land_surface_incoming-shortwave-radiation__absorbed_energy_flux land_surface_incoming-shortwave-radiation__absorptance land_surface_incoming-shortwave-radiation__backscattered_energy_flux ##### CHECK ####### land_surface_incoming-shortwave-radiation__diffuse_energy_flux land_surface_incoming-shortwave-radiation__direct_energy_flux land_surface_incoming-shortwave-radiation__energy_flux land_surface_incoming-shortwave-radiation__reflectance land_surface_incoming-shortwave-radiation__reflected_energy_flux land_surface_incoming-total-radiation__absorbed_energy_flux land_surface_incoming-total-radiation__absorptance land_surface_incoming-total-radiation__energy_flux land_surface_incoming-total-radiation__reflectance land_surface_incoming-total-radiation__reflected_energy_flux land_surface_outgoing-longwave-radiation__emittance ### (is it good to keep "outgoing" in these 2 names?) land_surface_outgoing-longwave-radiation__emitted_energy_flux ###### (use "emitted" to exclude "incoming reflected" from outgoing) land_surface_net-longwave-radiation__energy_flux land_surface_net-shortwave-radiation__energy_flux land_surface_net-total-energy__energy_flux ## (includes all energy fluxes: radiation, sensible heat, latent heat, conduction heat, etc.) land_surface_net-total-radiation__energy_flux ###### Maybe add these also: ####### land_surface_ice + melt_volume_flux (vs. glacier_ice + melt_volume_flux) land_surface_snow + melt_volume_flux (vs. snowpack + melt_volume_flux) land_surface_soil_heat__conduction_energy_flux [W m-2] (from land surface into the soil) land_surface_water__baseflow_mass_flux [kg m-2 s-1] (baseflow is always nonnegative and "incoming") land_surface_water__baseflow_volume_flux [m s-1] land_surface_water__depth land_surface_water__evaporation_mass_flux [kg m-2 s-1] land_surface_water__evaporation_volume_flux [m s-1] land_surface_water__infiltration_ponding_depth ## (the word "infiltration" is added here for clarity) land_surface_water__infiltration_ponding_time ## See "soil_surface_water__infiltration_volume_flux" and related terms) land_surface_water__potential_evaporation_volume_flux [m s-1] land_surface_water__priestley-taylor_alpha_coefficient [unitless] land_surface_water__runoff_mass_flux [kg m-2 s-1] ### (sometimes called "excess rainrate") land_surface_water__runoff_volume_flux [m s-1] land_surface_water__time_derivative_of_depth [m s-1] land_surface_water__x_derivative_of_depth land_surface_water__y_derivative_of_depth land_surface_water__x_derivative_of_pressure_head ### (same as "x_component_of_gradient_of_pressure_head") (in PIHM) land_surface_water__y_derivative_of_pressure_head ### (same as "y_component_of_gradient_of_pressure_head") (in PIHM) land_surface_water_flow__azimuth_angle_of_depth-integrated_velocity land_surface_water_flow__east_component_of_depth-integrated_velocity land_surface_water_flow__north_component_of_depth-integrated_velocity land_surface_water_flow__depth-integrated_speed land_surface_water_flow__x_component_of_depth-integrated_velocity land_surface_water_flow__y_component_of_depth-integrated_velocity land_surface_water_flow__azimuth_angle_of_unit-width_discharge # (unit-width discharge = volume flow rate per unit contour length) land_surface_water_flow__magnitude_of_unit-width_discharge [square meters / second] land_surface_water_flow__x_component_of_unit-width_discharge land_surface_water_flow__y_component_of_unit-width_discharge land_surface_water_flow__x_derivative_of_x_component_of_unit-width_discharge land_surface_water_flow__y_derivative_of_y_component_of_unit-width_discharge land_surface_water_flow__azimuth_angle_of_velocity land_surface_water_flow__depth #### (overland flow depth) (in PIHM) land_surface_water_flow__down_component_of_velocity land_surface_water_flow__east_component_of_velocity land_surface_water_flow__elevation_angle_of_velocity land_surface_water_flow__north_component_of_velocity land_surface_water_flow__speed ### (a scalar field throughout the 3D flow; not depth-integrated) land_surface_water_flow__x_component_of_velocity land_surface_water_flow__y_component_of_velocity land_surface_water_flow__z_component_of_velocity land_surface_water_sink__volume_flow_rate land_surface_water_source__volume_flow_rate land_surface_water_surface__elevation land_surface_water_surface__time_derivative_of_elevation land_surface_water_surface__x_derivative_of_elevation land_surface_water_surface__y_derivative_of_elevation land_vegetation__annual_time_max_of_leaf-area-index (in PIHM) land_vegetation__leaf-area-index (in PIHM) land_vegetation__reference_stomatal_resistance (in PIHM) land_vegetation__time_min_of_stomatal_resistance (in PIHM) land_vegetation_canopy__area_fraction land_vegetation_canopy_water__interception_capacity (in PIHM) (i.e. max that can be intercepted and stored) land_vegetation_canopy_water__interception_volume_flux (in PIHM) land_vegetation_canopy_water__throughfall_volume_flux (in PIHM) land_vegetation_canopy_water__transpiration_volume_flux land_vegetation_floor_water__interception_volume_flux ### (could use "understory" instead of "floor")
- The term runoff can be confusing, because it sounds like a lateral flow of water over the land surface (i.e. volume flow rate). However, it is computed as: R = (P + BF + SM + IM) - (ET + IN), where P = liquid precipitation, BF = baseflow (transport from subsurface to surface), SM = snowmelt, IM = ice melt, ET = evapotranspiration and IN = infiltration. Since each of these contributions is a vertical volume flux (a volume appearing per unit area per unit time), so is runoff. It has units of [m s-1], as a local contributor to change of water depth. It is technically not the same as overland flow, contrary what the current Wikipedia article on surface runoff says. Overland flow corresponds to lateral (not vertical) transport and can be quantified with unit-width discharge, which has units of [m2 s-1]. The amount of overland flow leaving a control volume has both a vertical contribution from runoff and a lateral contribution that results from (overland) flow into the other sides of the control volume. There can therefore be overland flow even if the runoff volume flux is zero.
- When evaporation or sublimation occur, mass (e.g. water) is transferred from the land surface to the air. This mass (e.g. water molecules) transfers energy from the land surface to the air, but without a change in temperature. This energy is known as latent heat, and in this case there is an energy flux from the land surface to the air.
- When condensation or resublimation occur, mass (e.g. water) is transferred from the air to the land surface. As before, this mass transfers energy, now from the air to the land surface, with no change in temperature. This is a latent heat flux from the air to the land surface. The net latent heat flux is the difference between the incoming and outgoing energy fluxes, relative to the last object listed in the object part of the standard name.
- The standard names: "atmosphere_bottom_air_land_net-latent-heat" + "energy_flux" and "land_surface_air_net-latent-heat" + "energy_flux" have the same magnitude but different signs.
- Sensible heat flux is the transport of heat between the land surface and the air by the process of turbulent conduction (vs. much slower molecular conduction). Sensible heat can be "sensed" with a thermometer. The direction of sensible heat flux is from the hotter to the cooler object.
- The standard names: "atmosphere_bottom_air_land_net-sensible-heat" + "energy_flux" and "land_surface_air_net-sensible-heat" + "energy_flux" have the same magnitude but different signs.
- Note that many of these quantities are defined in terms of first or second derivatives, which requires a certain degree of smoothness (differentiable or twice differentiable). Real topography is generally not this smooth, especially at small scales, but these quantities are nevertheless useful and can be computed from DEMs. In the CSDMS Standard Names, the Object_name + Model_name Pattern indicates that the word "surface" should be inserted in front of the quantity name when the quantity is only defined for some kind of idealized "model" surface. See the Surface template.
- "Specific contributing area" (SCA) is a quantity that can be defined for each point on a mathematical surface as the (upstream) contributing area per unit contour length. "Total contributing area" (TCA) is a quantity obtained from integrating SCA over a line segment, such as the width of a grid cell projected in the direction of the surface gradient. The relationship between TCA and SCA is similar to that between water discharge (Q) and unit-width water discharge (q).
- "Contour curvature" is a synonym for "plan curvature". "streamline curvature" is not well-known. See: Peckham (2011).
- See: Aspect, Bathymetry, Curvature, Drainage basin, Elevation, Geomorphometry, Slope and Topography.
- See: Canopy interception, Interception (water), Stemflow and Throughfall.
- There is an international society called: geomorphometry.org that meets every two years.
- See: Surface runoff and Topography.
- Also see Variable Names for Bedrock above.
Variable Names for a Water Tank
quantity = attribute
Examples
atmosphere_water__precipitation_duration atmosphere_water__precipitation_leq-volume_flux tank_horizontal-x-section__area ### (add "interior" after "tank" ??) tank_horizontal-x-section__radius tank_outlet_x-section__area tank_outlet_water__flow_speed tank_water__depth tank_water__initial_depth tank_water__volume
- One of the BMI examples is for a simple model of a cylindrical water tank with an open top that can receive rainfall and a smaller outlet that the water drains from.
- A word like "rainwater_tank", "storage_tank" or "rain_barrel" might be better than "tank", which has alternate meanings.