Model help:HydroTrend

HydroTrend

Climate driven hydrological transport model

Model introduction

HydroTrend is an ANSI-standard C numerical model that creates synthetic river discharge and sediment load time series as a function of climate trends and basin morphology and has been used to study the sediment flux to a basin for basin filling models. As a drainage basin simulator, the model provides time series of daily discharge hydraulics at a river mouth, including the sediment load properties. HydroTrend was designed to provide input to lake or shelf circulation and sedimentation models (Steckler et al., 1996; Syvitski and Alcott, 1995b), and study the impact of land-sea fluxes given climatic change scenarios (Moore, 1992; Syvitski and Andrews, 1994). HydroTrend simulates the major processes that occur in a river basin, including:

• Glacierized areas with advances and retreats depending on the climate scenario,
• Snow accumulation in the winter and melt in the subsequent spring/summer,
• Rainfall over the remaining portions of the basin with canopy evaporation,
• Groundwater recharging and discharging,
• The impact of reservoirs.

Model parameters

Input Files and directories

Run Parameters

Temperature

Precipitation

Basin

River Mouth

Groudwater

Output Values

Parameter	Description	Unit
Input directory	Determine if you want to use the "GUI" interface to provide input parameter values or use a text file with the input parameters by providing the location of the file on the server	[-]
Site prefix	Part of the input and output file name e.g. the name of the location, or project	[-]
Case prefix	Part of the input and output file name that provides you the opportunity to do different scenario simulations for e.g. the same location, or project	[-]

Parameter	Description	Unit
Run duration		[years]

Parameter	Description	Unit
Starting mean annual temperature	Mean annual temperature at the river mouth at the start of the simulation. (Notice: this is not a spatial average basin width parameter!)	[°C]
Change in mean annual temperature		[°C/year]
Standard deviation of mean annual temperature		[°C]

Parameter	Description	Unit
Starting mean annual precipitation	Annual total spatial river basin average precipitation rates for the beginning of the simulation	[m/year]
change in mean annual precipitation		[m/year/year]
Standard deviation of mean annual precipitation		[m/year]

Parameter	Description	Unit
Lithology factor		[-]
Anthropogenic facor		[-]
Lapse rate	The change in temperature per change in elevation. Parameter used to determine the snow - rain transition zone	[°C/km]
Starting ELA	Glacier equilibrium line altitude is the long-term balance point along a glacier. The ELA is where the amount of accumulated snow and ablated water are equal.	[m]
Change in ELA	Is the linear change per year of the equilibrium line altitude due to a shift in the climate	[m/year]
Dry precipitation (nival and ice) evaporation fraction		[-]
River length	The length of the main stem of the river to determine the lag time before water reaches the river outlet.	[km]
Mean volume of reservoir		[km3]
Drainage area of reservoir		[km2]

Parameter	Description	Unit
k	River mouth velocity coefficient	[m/s]
m	River mouth velocity exponent	[-]
a	River mouth width coefficient	[m]
b	River mouth width exponent	[-]
Average river mouth velocity		[m/s]
Constant annual base flow	Base flow is typically the minimum amount of discharge that still reaches the river outlet, generated by deep ground aquifers.	[m3/s]
Trapping efficiency	Deltaic area typically trap sediment e.g. due to the low slope angle of the area. The fraction of deltaic trapping (0 - 1) can be provided here.	[-]
Delta gradient	Delta gradient determines the slope of the riverbed that determines the amount of bedload reaching the river mouth.	[m/m]

Parameter	Description	Unit
Maximum groundwater storage	Maximum capacity spacial averaged shallow ground water pole of the drainage basin	[m3]
Minimum groundwater storage	Minimum capacity spacial averaged shallow ground water pole of the drainage basin	[m3]
Initial groundwater storage	Spatial averaged shallow ground water pole of the drainage basin at the start of the simulation.	[m3]
Groundwater coefficient		[m3]
Groundwater exponent		[-]
Saturated hydraulic conductivity		[mm/day]

Parameter	Description	Unit
Output directory		[-]
Interval between output files		[-]
Mean Velocity file		[-]
Mean Width file		[-]
Mean Depth file		[-]
Mean Water Discharge file		[-]
Mean Sediment Discharge file		[-]
Mean Bedload Flux file		[-]

Uses ports

This will be something that the CSDMS facility will add

Provides ports

This will be something that the CSDMS facility will add

Main equations

Q	= Qr + Qn + Qice - QEv ± Qg		= Water discharge at the river mouth [m3/s]	(1)
Qs	= ω B Q0.31 A0.5 R T	for T ≥ 2 °C	= Long-term suspended sediment load at the river mouth [kg/s]	(2a) or
Qs	= 2ω B Q0.31 A0.5 R	for T < 2 °C	= Long-term suspended sediment load at the river mouth [kg/s]	(2b)
B	= L (1 - TE) Eh		= importance of geology and human factors	(3)
(Qs[i] / Qs)	= ψ[i] (Q[i] / Q)Ca		= Daily suspended sediment load at the river mouth [kg/s]	(4)
Qb[i]	= (ρs / ρs - ρ) * (ρ g Q[i]β S eb) / (g tan λ)	when u ≥ ucr	= Daily bedload at the river mouth [kg/s]	(5)

Nomenclature

Symbol	Description	Unit
Q	Long-term water discharge	[m3/s]
Qr	Water discharge generated by rainfall	[m3/s]
Qn	Water discharge generated by nival melt	[m3/s]
Qice	Water discharge generated by glacier melt	[m3/s]
QEv	Water discharge loss by evapo-transpiration processes	[m3/s]
Qg	Water discharge loss or generated by ground water	[m3/s]
Qs	Long-term suspended sediment load (30yrs or longer)	[kg/s]
ω	Constant, (0.02)	[-]
A	Drainage basin area	[km2]
R	Drainage basin relief	[km]
T	Drainage basin temporal and spatial mean temperature	[°C]
L	Lithology factor	[-]
TE	Trapping efficiency of reservoirs / lakes	[-]
Eh	Anthropogenic factor	[-]
Qs[i]	Daily suspended sediment load	[kg/s]
Ψ[i]	Daily random variable with a log-normal distribution	[-]
Q[i]	Daily water discharge	[m3/s]
Ca	Annual rating term coefficient with a normal distrbution	[-]
Qb[i]	Daily bedload	[kg/s]
ρs	Sand density	[kg/m3]
ρ	Fluid density	[kg/m3]
g	Acceleration due to gravity	[m/s2]
β	Bedload rating term	[-]
S	Slope of the riverbed	[m/m]
eb	Bedload efficiency	[-]
λ	Limiting angle of response of sediment grains lying on the river bed	[-]
u	Stream velocity	[m/s]
ucr	Critical stream velocity	[m/s]

Notes

Any notes, comments, you want to share with the user

Numerical scheme

Examples

An example run with input parameters, BLD files, as well as a figure / movie of the output

Follow the next steps to include images / movies of simulations:

• Upload file: http://csdms.colorado.edu/wiki/Special:Upload
• Create link to the file on your page: [[Image:<file name>]].

See also: Help:Images or Help:Movies

Developer(s)

Albert Kettner

References

• Kettner, A.J., and Syvitski, J.P.M., 2008. HydroTrend version 3.0: a Climate-Driven Hydrological Transport Model that Simulates Discharge and Sediment Load leaving a River System. Computers & Geosciences, 34(10), 1170-1183, doi:10.1016/j.cageo.2008.02.008.
• Syvitski, J.P.M., Morehead, M.D. and Nicholson, M., 1998. HYDROTREND: A Climate-driven Hydrologic-Transport Model for Predicting Discharge and Sediment Loads to Lakes or Oceans. Computers & Geosciences, 24(1), 51-68, doi:10.1016/S0098-3004(97)00083-6.
• Syvitski, J.P.M., and J.M. Alcott, 1995. RIVER3: Simulation of River Discharge and Sediment Transport. Computers and Geosciences, 21(1), 89-101, doi:10.1016/0098-3004(94)00062-Y.

Links

Model:HydroTrend